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2nd Laboratory, Lesson 2 Addition of Vectors Rectangular Components, and Lesson 1, intro in mechanics

The document covers the concepts of force systems in mechanics, including vector addition and the classification of force systems as concurrent, parallel, or non-concurrent. It explains the use of unit vectors and provides examples of calculating resultant forces using rectangular components. Additionally, it presents sample problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in determining force magnitudes and directions.

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9 views

2nd Laboratory, Lesson 2 Addition of Vectors Rectangular Components, and Lesson 1, intro in mechanics

The document covers the concepts of force systems in mechanics, including vector addition and the classification of force systems as concurrent, parallel, or non-concurrent. It explains the use of unit vectors and provides examples of calculating resultant forces using rectangular components. Additionally, it presents sample problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in determining force magnitudes and directions.

Uploaded by

shinobi42mob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics

• Force Systems

Prof. Analiza H. Ibay


Faculty, Physics Department
Review: Vector addition
The resultant of the two forces has a magnitude of 650.00 lbs.
What is the direction of the resultant and the magnitude of
vector P?
Review: Vector addition
The resultant of the two forces has a magnitude of 650.00 lbs.
What is the direction of the resultant and the magnitude of vector P?
Unit Vectors

• A unit vector λ is a vector that has a


magnitude of 1 unit
• Some unit vectors have been defined in
standard directions.
• +x direction specified by unit vector “i”
• +y direction specified by “j”
• +z direction specified by “k”
Force and Force Systems
• Force is the term used to describe the mechanical
interaction between bodies.
• A force can affect both the motion and the deformation
of the body on which it acts. Forces may arise from
direct contact between bodies, or they may be applied
at a distance such as gravitational force, electric force,
and magnetic force.
• A force system may be considered as coplanar (two-
dimensional) or non-coplanar (three dimensional).
Force and Force Systems
• A co-planar or non-coplanar force system may be classified as
follows:
1.Concurrent Force System -
Forces whose lines of action
intersect at a common point.

2. Parallel Force System –


Forces whose lines of action are
parallel.

3. Non-Concurrent Force System


– Forces whose lines of action are
not concurrent and not parallel.
Force and Force Systems
Review: Vector Addition in a Rectangular form
Review: Vector Addition in a Rectangular form
• The pulley shown in the figure subjected to
the belt forces P and Q. Using rectangular
components, determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force.

𝑃 = 120 𝑙𝑏 cos 30° 𝑖 + 120 𝑙𝑏 sin 30 ° 𝑗


= 103.923 𝑙𝑏 𝑖 + 60.000 𝑙𝑏 𝑗

𝑄 = −100 𝑙𝑏 cos 70° 𝑖 + −100 𝑙𝑏 sin 70 ° 𝑗


= −34.202 𝑙𝑏 𝑖 + −93.969 𝑙𝑏 𝑗

𝑅 = 𝑃 + 𝑄 = 103.923 − 34.202 𝑖 + 60.000 − 93.969 𝑗


Review: Vector Addition in a Rectangular form

𝑅 = 𝑃 + 𝑄 = 103.923 − 34.202 𝑖 + 60.000 − 93.969 𝑗


𝑅 = 69.721 𝑙𝑏 𝑖 − 33.969 𝑙𝑏 𝑗

𝑅= 69.721 𝑙𝑏 2 + −33.696 𝑙𝑏 2 = 77.556 𝑙𝑏


−33.969 𝑙𝑏
−
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 25.98°~26°
69.721 𝑙𝑏
Rectangular Components

λ is the unit vector in the direction of A


RECALL: Direction Angles and Direction Cosines

λx = cos θx λy = cos θy λz = cos θz


• Rectangular components of vector

where Ax i, Ay j, and Az k are the


vector components of A.

The scalar components of A are


Ax = A cos θx Ay = A cos θy Az = A cos θz

The magnitude of A is related to its scalar components by


Relative Position Vectors

Relative Position Vector

Magnitude of Position
Vector

Unit Position Vector


Sample Problem 1
• The cable attached to the
eyebolt in figure is pulled
with the force F of
magnitude 500 lb.
Determine (a) the
rectangular
representation of this
force; and (b) the angles
qx, qy, qz defining the
direction of the force
Sample Problem 1
Sample Problem 1

λx = cos θx λy = cos θy λz = cos θz


Sample Problem 2

The tension in the guy wire is 2500 N. Determine:


a) components Fx, Fy, Fz of the force acting on the bolt
at A,
b) the angles qx, qy, qz defining the direction of the force
Sample Problem 2
  
AB   40 m  i  80 m  j  30 m k
AB   40 m 2  80 m 2  30 m 2
 94.3 m
   40    80    30  
  i    j  k
 94.3   94.3   94.3 
  
 0.424 i  0.848 j  0.318k
 
F  F

 2500 N  0.424 i  0.848 j  0.318k 
 
  
  1060 N i  2120 N  j  795 N k

q x  115.1
q y  32.0
q z  71.5
Sample Problem 3
Calculation of Resultant of Concurrent Force System
• Determine the resultant of the two forces shown.
−4𝑖 + 3𝑗
𝐹1 = 120 𝑙𝑏
−4 2 + 3 2

= 120 𝑙𝑏 −0.8𝑖 + 0.6𝑗 = −96𝑖 + 72𝑗

3𝑗 − 5𝑘
𝐹2 = 100 𝑙𝑏
3 2 + −5 2

= 100 𝑙𝑏 0.5145𝑗 − 0.8575𝑘 = 51.45𝑗 − 85.75𝑘

𝐹𝑅 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 = −96𝑖 + 72𝑗 + 51.45𝑗 − 85.75𝑘


𝐹𝑅 = −96𝑖 + 123.45𝑗 − 85.75𝑘
Practice Exercise 1

• The magnitude of the


force F is 120 lb. Find
its rectangular
representation and the
angles qx, qy, qz defining
the direction of the
force.
Practice Exercise 2
Calculation of Resultant of Concurrent Force System
Three ropes are attached to the post at A in the figure. The forces in
the ropes are F1=260 lb, F2=75 lb and F3=60 lb. Determine the
magnitude of the force R that is equivalent to the three forces
shown.

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