COLUMN DESIGN

TDL = 200 KIPS

LL= 100 KIPS

C/S dimension 20''x 20'' f'c = 6000Psi

Ag = 400 in2 Fy = 60ksi
20''
Ultimate Load Combinations

Compression Cases
20''
Tension Cases

1. Compression Reinforcement
Compression Load Combinations
0 = 1.4 D = 200x 1.4 = 280 KIPS
1 = 1.2D + 1.6 L = 400 KIPS
2w = 1.2D + 1.0 L + 1.6W = 340 KIPS
2e = 1.2D + 1.0 L = 340 KIPS
So, Maximum axial load, Pu = 400 KIPS
For nonprestressed compression members with tie reinforcement
Po = 0.85 f'c*( Ag - Ast) + fy*Ast
Po = 0.85*6*( Ag - Ast) + 60*Ast
Pn,max= 0.8 Po
Pn = 0.80*phi*{0.85 f'c*( Ag - Ast) + fy*Ast }
φ=0.65 for tied columns and
φ=0.75 for spirally reinforced columns (as per ACI 318).

To find required Gross Area 0.5%

initial reinforcement ratio is assumed.
Required area with provided steel :
Pn = 0.80*phi*{0.85 f'c*( Ag - Ast) + fy*Ast }
Rearranging above equation to find required gross Area
Ag, req = Pu / (0.8*Phi*(0.85*f'c*(z) + ( fy - 0.85 fc' )*Rho,g ))
z= min ( 1, Rho,g/0.01)

Ag,req = 400 / (0.8*0.65*(0.85*6*(0.005/0.01) + (60-0.85*4) *0.005

Ag,req = 272 in^2

Provide 20''x20'' square column
Ag, provided = 400 in^2
Req'd / Prv'd column Area Ratio= Ag,req / Ag,pro
= 272*0.5/400 = 0.34

Ast,req = Pu / ( 0.8*0.65) - 0.85 f'c * Ag,pro* (y) / (fy - 0.85*f'c)

where y = Min ( 1, Ratio of Req'd Area / Pro'd Area)

Ast, req = (400/ ( 0.8*0.65) - 0.85 * 6 * 400 ( 0.34)) / ( 60 - 0.85 * 6)

Ast, req = 1.37 in^2 1.4 in^2

Vertical Reinforcement required for compression loads, Ast,req comp = 1.4 in^2

2. Tension Reinforcement
Tension Load Combinations
3w = 0.9D -1.6 W = 180 KIPS
3e = 0.9D - 1.0 E = 180 KIPS

Structural Integrity

Story Force in Tension

Min (Case 0, Case 1) for that respective floor
e.g. for top floor Min (Case 0 , Case 1) = Min (-281 + 0 , -400 + 0) = -400 KIPS

Governing Force is Max value of Story force from below 4 stories.

So, Governing Force = Min ( -200, -175, -199)
Governing force = -200 KIPS

Max Load in Tension

Max P,tension = Min ( 3w, 3e, Governing Force, 0)
P,tension = Min ( 180, 180, -200, 0)
P,tension = -200 KIPS

Area of Reinforcement required in Tension

Ast, req = P,tension / (0.9 * Fy)
Ast, req = 200/ ( 0.9*60) = 3.70 in^2

Area of Reinforcement to resist Tension Force

Ast,req tension = 3.70 in ^2
Since Area of reinforcement required in Compression < Tension, So Governing will be Ast, req Tension

Ast req = 3.7 in^2

But As per Cl. 10.6.1 ACI 318-19 , For nonprestressed columns , area of longitudinal
reinforcement shall be at least 0.01Ag.
So, 0.01 Ag = 0.01 *400 = 4 in^2
Since 3.7 < 4.0, so minimum area = 4 in^2.

Providing 6- #8 Bars, Ast, provided = 6*0.79 = 4.74 in ^2

Rho = As/ Ac = (4.74/ 400) *100 = 1.185 %

Rho = 1.19%
Phi Pn = 0.8 * 0.65 ( 0.85 f'c (Ag, pro * (w) - Ast,pro)
+ Fy * Ast,pro )
Phi Pn = 0.8 * 0.65 * ( 0.85 * 6* (400 (1)- 4.74)
+ 60 * 4.74 = 1196 KIPS

Phi Pn = 1196 KIPS

Pu / Phi Pn = 400/ 1196 = 0.33

3. Slenderness Check

Floor Height, L = 18 ft. Effective Length factor, k = 1 (both end hinged condition)
r = 0.25 * Dia - for circular column and r= 0.29* ( Min ( b,d)) - for rectangular column
Slenderness Ratio, (KL/r) = (1*18)/(0.29*20)= 37.2
But, as per ACI 318-19
 Since, the column is Braced against sidesway i.e. Non-Sway Frame.
So, if (kl/r) > 34 + 12 (M1/M2), column is considered as slender.M1 and M2 are Zero .

Minimum Eccentricity as per Section 6.6.4.5.4 ACI 318-19 ,

emin = 0.6 + 0.03h

emin = 0.6 + 0.03*20 = 1.2''
So, min M2 = Pu*emin
M2 = 400*1.2 = 40 kipft
Kl/r = 37.2 > 34, So Column is Slender

4. SP Column Check

20''

h=7.5''
20''

2.5''

Taking M1 and M2 = 40 Kipft as per ACI-318 19

Since Column is Slender, Calculating Magnified Moment ,Mc
Mc = δM2
where δ is Moment Magnification factor to account for 2nd order
moments due to slenderness effect.

Cm is factor relating actual moment diagram to an equiv-alent

uniform moment diagram, Cm =1 if M2,min exceeds M2 as per
section 6.6.4.5.3 ACI 318 19

Pc is Critical Buckling Load in accordance with 6.6.4.4.2

Pu is Maximum factored axial load
(EI)eff is calculated in accordance with 6.6.4.4.4
SPColumn uses eqn 6.6.4.4.4b for calculating (EI)eff

Ec = 5000sqrt(6000) = 4415.21 Ksi

Ig = (20*20^3) / 12 = 13333.4 IN ^4
Es = 29000 Ksi
Ise is MOI of Rebars about centroidal axis ,
Ise = 6 * ( (Pi *d^4 / 64) + Ast * h^2)
Ise = 6 * ( (Pi*1/64) + 0.79 * 7.5^2)
Ise= 232 in^4

Creep effects are approximated in design by

reducing the stiffness (EI)eff used to calculate Pc
and, hence,δ, by dividing the short-term EI
provided by the numerator of Eq. (6.6.4.4.4a)
through (6.6.4.4.4c) by (1 + βdns) in ACI 318 19.
 βdns = 1.2 * 100 / 400 = 0.6

0.2 Ec Ig + Es Ise = 0.2 * 4415.21*13333.34 + 29000* 232 = 1.95 *10^7Kip-in^2

(EI)eff = 1.95*10^7 / (1+ 0.6) = 1.22*10^7 Kip-in^2
Pc = (Pi^2 * 1.22*10^7) / (1*12*18)^2
Pc = 2580.8 Kips
δ = 1 / ( 1- (400/(0.75 * 2581)))
δ = 1.26

Mc = 1.26 * 40 = 50.4 Kip-ft

Since δ= 1.26 < 1.4 Section Size is OK

as per 6.2.5.3 ACI 318 -19

5. PM Interaction curve in SP Column

The PM Interaction Diagram is used to determine the strength of columns subjected to
both axial loads (P) and bending moments (M). The diagram simplifies design by
showing the maximum allowable axial load for a given moment.
 1. Maximum Compression 6 6
Maximum Nominal Axial Strength in Compression, 5 5
Po = 0.85fc'(Ag-Ast) + fy Ast 4 4
Po = 0.85*6*(20*20 - 4.74) + 60*4.74 = 2300 Kips 3
3
Maximum factored axial strength =
Phi Po = 0.65 * 2300 = 1495 Kips 2 2

Since the section is symmetric Moment, Mn = 0

Allowable Factored axial strength = Phi Pn,max = 0.8 * Phi Po = 0.8 * 1495 =1196 Kips

1 1

2. Bar Stress near Tension face equal to zero, fs=0 i.e. Strain in steel = 0
0.003
cs
Neutral axis is at level of steel shown in 2-2
using a = B1 c, so a = 0.75 * 17.5 = 13.125'' c cc a
Po = 0.85 fc' (20*13.125 - 2.37) + 60*2.37
17.5''
=1468.8kips
Phi Po = 0.65 * 1468.8 = 954.7kips
Ts
Moment, M = Cc *(h-a/2) + Cs * (h-d'/2) + Ts (d-h) 0.00103
= 0.85 *6*(20*13.125 - 2.37) (10-0.5*13.125) + 60 *2.37 * (10-2.5) + 0
= 5626.9 Kip-in = 468 kip-ft
PhiMn = 468 * 0.65 =304 Kip-ft

3. Bar Stress near Tension face equal to 0.5fy i.e. Strain in steel = 0.00103 0.003
cs
Neutral axis is at level shown in 3-3 cc a
by similar triangle c = 13'' c
using a = B1 c, so a = 0.75 * 13 = 9.75''
Po = 0.85 fc' (20*9.75 - 2.37) + 60*2.37 - 17.5''
60*0.5*2.37 = 1054kips
Phi Po = 0.65 * 1054 = 685kips
Ts
Moment, M = Cc *(h-a/2) + Cs * (h-d'/2) + Ts (d-h) 0.00103
= 0.85 *6*(20*9.75 - 2.37) (10-0.5*9.75) + 60 *2.37 * (10-2.5) +
30*2.37* (17.5-10) = 6634 Kip-in = 552 kip-ft
PhiMn = 468 * 0.65 =358 Kip-ft
4. Bar Stress near Tension face equal to fy i.e. Strain in steel = 0.00207 0.003
cs
Neutral axis is at level shown in 4-4 cc a
by similar triangle c = 10.35'' c
using a = B1 c, so a = 0.75 * 10.35 = 7.76''
Po = 0.85 fc' (20*7.76 - 2.37) + 60*2.37 - 17.5''
60*2.37 = 779.4kips
Phi Po = 0.65 *779.4 = 506.6kips
Ts
Moment, M = Cc *(h-a/2) + Cs * (h-d'/2) + Ts (d-h) 0.00207
= 0.85 *6*(20*9.75 - 2.37) (10-0.5*9.75) + 60 *2.37 * (10-2.5) +
60*2.37* (17.5-10) = 6903 Kip-in = 575.2 kip-ft
PhiMn = 468 * 0.65 =373.9 Kip-ft

5. Bar Stress near Tension face equal to Fs = E(Ey+0.003) i.e. Strain in

steel = 0.00207 +0.005 0.003
0.0018 cs
cc a
Neutral axis is at level shown in 5-5 c
by similar triangle c = 6.5''
using a = B1 c, so a = 0.75 * 6.5 = 4.875''
Po = 0.85 fc' (20*4.875 - 2.37) + 53.5*2.37 17.5''
- 60*2.37 = 470kips
Phi Po = 0.9 *470 = 423kips
Ts
0.00507
Moment, M = Cc *(h-a/2) + Cs * (h-d'/2) + Ts (d-h)
= 0.85 *6*(20*4.875 - 2.37) (10-0.5*4.875) + 53.5 *2.37 * (10-2.5) +
60*2.37* (17.5-10) = 5686 Kip-in = 473.8 kip-ft
PhiMn = 473 * 0.9 = 426.4 Kip-ft

6. Pure Bending
0.003
cc a
We know for pure bending axial load capacity c Ts1
will be zero , 0.0004

Try at neutral axis, c = 2.5''

using a = B1 c, so a = 0.75 * 2.5 = 1.875''
17.5''
Po = 0.85 fc' (20*1.875 - 2.37) + 0*2.37 -
60*2.37 = 37kips >0.
So Try at c = 2.2''
Ts2
a= 1.65'' 0.00103
Po = 0.85 fc' (20*1.65) - 11*2.37 - 60*2.37 = 0
Phi Po = 0 kips

Moment, M = Cc *(h-a/2) -Ts1 * (h-d'/2) + Ts2 (d-h)

= 0.85 *6*(20*1.65 ) (10-0.5*1.65) - 11*2.37 * (10-2.5) + 60*2.37*
(17.5-10) = 2420 Kip-in = 201.6 kip-ft
PhiMn = 201.6 * 0.9 = 181.5 Kip-ft

6. Max Tension

Phi Pn = 0.9 *60*4.74 = 266 kips

EXTERNAL LOAD (Pu=400KIPS) AND MOMENT(Mc=50.4KIP-FT)
PONIT LIES WITHIN FACTORED PM INTERACTION DIAGRAM
CURVE, SO THE SECTION AND REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED IS
ADEQUATE AND SUFFICIENT ENOUGH