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ADC Lab5

The lab report details the implementation of an envelope detector for demodulating AM signals, focusing on the recovery of the original message signal from the modulated carrier. It includes technical background, circuit design, calculations for the RC time constant, and the successful demonstration of the envelope detection method with output waveforms. The experiment concludes that the envelope detector effectively extracts the amplitude variations, resulting in a clean sinusoidal waveform that matches the original message signal.

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2 views

ADC Lab5

The lab report details the implementation of an envelope detector for demodulating AM signals, focusing on the recovery of the original message signal from the modulated carrier. It includes technical background, circuit design, calculations for the RC time constant, and the successful demonstration of the envelope detection method with output waveforms. The experiment concludes that the envelope detector effectively extracts the amplitude variations, resulting in a clean sinusoidal waveform that matches the original message signal.

Uploaded by

aalyanzahid2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Muhammad Abdullah Roll No: 2022-EE-019

EE-322L Analog and Digital Communication Marks Obtained:


Lab Report
Experiment No. 5
Envelope Detection

Objective
Demodulation of AM signals using envelope detection

Technical Background
To recover the original message signal from the received Amplitude Modulated signal, we use the fact
that message signal modulates the amplitude of high frequency of carrier signal. The circuit or the setup to
demodulate the signal, simply known as “envelope detector” extracts the varying amplitude of the modulated
signal which presents the original signal.

1) Implementation of the circuit


For demodulating AM, we’ll implement the envelope detector which is the modified form of the
Amplitude Modulator. From experiment 4, we’ll use the circuit by making sure that the modulation
index is less than one.

Modulation Index:
The modulation index (also called modulation depth) in amplitude modulation (AM) is a measure of
the extent of modulation applied to the carrier signal by the message signal. It represents the ratio of
the amplitude of the message signal to the amplitude of the carrier signal. It defines how much the
amplitude of the carrier wave varies in accordance with the message signal.

The modulation index m in AM is given by the formula:


Am
m=
Ac
If m<1(Under-Modulation), the amplitude of modulated signal doesn’t reach zero so the signal will be
clear and easy to recover making this preferred condition for modulation.

2) Placement of Diode after the BP filter


While implementing the circuit on the breadboard, we’ll put a Diode (identical to previous one) to
recover the envelope of the signal. In this way, diode will clip off the negative waveform to only allow
the positive waveform.
This is essential as it prepares for signal detection as rapid oscillations would make it difficult to extract
the envelope.
During the positive cycle, the Diode will conduct and till the peak and upon the fall of the peak it will
start to cease its conduction and here the RC, which is connected in series with this Diode will play its
most important role.

Circuit & Design

Figure 1. Circuit Diagram of the detector to be implemented


3) Design of RC time constant
This is a Low-pass filter that is placed after a second diode which will smooth out the high-frequency
component while keeping the slow-varying envelope. Using available components in Lab (R = 10kΩ &
C= 0.04uF), we’ll calculate the RC time constant in the following section.
We’ve to design the RC circuit carefully, so that its cut-off frequency is higher than the highest frequency
component of the message signal but lower than the carrier frequency. The capacitor will get charged in
the positive cycle and will start to discharge after the diode stops to conduct. The waveform generated, in
this way, will not completely fall to zero since we’ve designed RC values in such a manner.

Calculations
−4
Time Constant=RC =4 ×10 =0.0004
3
f c =8 ×10 Hz∧f m =80 Hz

And time constants for message and carrier signals are

1 1 1 1
τ c= ∧τ m = τ c= =0.00002∧τ m= =0.002
2πfc 2πfm 3
2 π (8 ×10 ) 2 π (80)
By putting the above frequencies (τ c ∧τ m),
1 1
< RC <
2π f c 2π fm

1 1
< 0.0004<
0.00002 0.002

Using components of calculated values, we’ll start patching the circuit on breadboard.

Figure 2. The circled components are Diode and RC low-pass filer

4) Implementation of the circuit


After the calculations for RC circuit, we’ll implement the following circuit on the breadboard.
Figure 3. Snapshot of implemented circuit

Figure 4. Output waveforms generated on DSO

The output waveform on the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) in your experiment shows the result of
demodulating an AM signal using an envelope detector. The waveform demonstrates the recovery of the
original message signal from the AM signal by extracting the envelope of the modulated carrier.

The yellow waveform represents the modulated signal which was also produced in Experiment No.4 and
the blue waveform is the demodulated signal which is recovered using the RC circuit followed by second
diode. The envelope detector recovers the amplitude variations of the AM signal, and the waveform
displayed on the DSO is a clean sinusoidal wave matching the original 80 Hz message signal. This
indicates that the envelope detector has effectively filtered out the high-frequency carrier, leaving behind
only the low-frequency message signal, as highlighted in your report.

5) Conclusion
In this experiment, the goal was to demonstrate Envelope Detection as a method for demodulating an
Amplitude Modulated (AM) signal. The envelope detector successfully recovered the original message
signal from the modulated carrier wave. The envelope detector was able to extract the amplitude variations
(the envelope) of the modulated signal. The output from the envelope detector was a clean, sinusoidal
waveform matching the original 80 Hz message signal.
Rubrics for Experiment No.
Performance Exceeds Meets expectation Does not meet Marks
expectation (0.5)/(1)/(1) expectation
(1)/(2)/(2) (0)/(0)/(0)

R1: Knowledge of Has required Has partial Has no knowledge


required functions knowledge for code knowledge for code for code
for code design.
Marks: 0-1
R2: Simulation of Simulates all the Needs guidance to Incapable to simulate
experiment tasks correctly by simulate the tasks the tasks correctly by
Marks: 0-2 himself correctly himself even with
guidance
R3: Demonstrate Correct results are Results are provided Results are provided
proper results with provided with with minor errors with major errors
justification required and/or with little and/or with no
Marks: 0-2 justification justification justification
Performance Exceeds expectation Meets expectation Does not meet Marks
(0.5)/(0.5)/(0.5) (-)/(0.25)/(0.25) expectation
(0)/(0)/(0)

R1: Timely The submission is on --- Late submission


submissionMa time
rks: 0-0.5

R2: Report All relevant All the relevant Most of the relevant
completeness calculations, calculations, graphs, results,
Marks: 0-0.5 specifications, code, specifications, code, calculations,
graphs, and results are graphs and results specifications, and code
provided with proper are provided but are missing, as well as
explanation. with little their proper explanation
explanation and and justification is
justification. missing

R3: Error-free The submitted Some parts of the The submitted


writeup assignment is submitted assignment is mostly
Marks: 0-0.5 without any assignment contain plagiarized and contain
plagiarism and formatting errors formatting errors.
formatting errors. and plagiarized
material.
Rubrics for Lab Manual No.

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