Registration No SET 1

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL EXAMINATION

MATHEMATICS (041)
CLASS XII

Time allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks :80

ANSWER KEY

1. D. Bijective
2. D. [1,2]
3. A. Square matrix
4. B. A unit matrix
5. D. 4500
6. C. −1
7. D. 2
8. C. −3
9. B. 1
𝑒𝑥
10. A. 1+𝑥2 + 𝐶
3
11. B. 2
12. A. 𝜋
13. C. a straight line passing through the origin
14. D. 2
15. C. 2𝐵𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
16. C. 𝑖̂. 𝑘̂ = 0
17. D. 𝑞 = 3𝑝
18. D. 16
19. B
20. A
1
21. Let sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⇒ sin 𝑦 = 𝑥 (2)
√1−𝑥 2
cot 𝑦 = . (1)
𝑥
√1−𝑥 2 1
cot(sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑥 . (2)
 OR
1 1 𝜋
tan−1 (− ) + cot −1 ( ) + tan−1 (sin (− ))
√3 √3 2
1 1 1
= − tan−1 ( ) + cot−1 ( ) − tan−1 (1) ( )
√3 √3 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1 1 1
=− + − =− ( + + )
6 3 4 12 2 2 2
22. A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐 + 𝑥→𝑐
1
0r lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐) ( )
𝑥→𝑐 2
(𝑥+3)2 −36 1
lim = 𝑘 (2)
𝑥→3 𝑥+3−6
= 2 × 6 = 𝑘 = 12(1)
23. Let a be the side of the equilateral triangle
√3 2 𝑑𝑎 1
Then area 𝐴 = 4
𝑎 and given that 𝑑𝑡
= 2𝑐𝑚 /𝑠𝑒𝑐 (2)
𝑑𝐴 √3 𝑑𝑎 1
𝑑𝑡
= 4
2𝑎 𝑑𝑡 (2)
√3 1
= 2 𝑎 × 2 (2)
𝑑𝐴 1
( 𝑑𝑡 ) = √3 × 20 = 20√3𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠𝑒𝑐 (2)
𝑎=20
2
24. Given that |𝑎 + 𝑏⃗| = 169 also 𝑎 ⊥ 𝑏⃗ ⇒ 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 0
1
(𝑎 + 𝑏⃗). (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) = 169 (2)
2 1
|𝑎|2 + 2𝑎. 𝑏⃗ + |𝑏⃗| = 169 ( )
2
2 1
25+ 0 - |𝑏⃗| = 169 (2)
2
|𝑏⃗| = 144
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1
|𝑏| = 12 ( )
2
OR
⃗ −𝑛𝑎⃗ 1
𝑚𝑏
Using Section formula 𝑚−𝑛
(2)
⃗ )−1(𝑎⃗ −2𝑏
2(2𝑎⃗+𝑏 ⃗)
(1)
2−1
1
3𝑎 + 4𝑏⃗ ( )
2

25. Let 𝑐 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂

1
𝑎 × 𝑐 = (𝑧 + 𝑦)𝑖̂ − (2𝑧 + 𝑥)𝑗̂ + (2𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑘̂ = 4𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ (2)
1
𝑖𝑒, 𝑧 + 𝑦 = 4— (1) , 2𝑧 + 𝑥 = 7— (2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑦 − 𝑥 = 1 − −(3) (2)
𝑎. 𝑐 = 6 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6— (4)
Solving the equations
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2 (1)
26. Given that 3𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Differentiating 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 × 2 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑎3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡
(1)
𝑎𝑥 2 = 2
When 𝑥 = 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2(1)
OR
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑏𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 (2 + 2)
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦 𝑏 1
= 𝑎 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 (2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑏
=− 𝑎2 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃(1)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑏 1
(𝑑𝑥 2 ) 𝜋 =− 3 √3 (2)
𝜃= 𝑎2
6
𝑥2 𝑡 𝐴 𝐵 1
27. (𝑥 2 +4)(𝑥 2 +9) = (𝑡+4)(𝑡+9)
= 𝑡+4 + 𝑡+9 (2)
4 9
𝐴=− 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = (1)
5 5
Therefore the given integral becomes
4 1 9 1 1
− 5 ∫ 𝑥 2 +4 𝑑𝑥 + 5 ∫ 𝑥 2 +9 𝑑𝑥 (2)
4 1 𝑥 9 1 𝑥 1 1
− 5 × 2 tan−1 2 + 5 × 3 tan−1 3 + 𝐶 (2 + 2)
OR
1
∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛4 𝑥+𝐶𝑜𝑠4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Divide both Nr and Dr by 𝐶𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥.
𝑆𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(1+𝑇𝑎𝑛2 𝑥) 1
∫ 𝑇𝑎𝑛4 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑇𝑎𝑛4 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥 (2)
1
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡 , 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 (2)
1+𝑡 2
∫ 1+𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡. 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑁𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡 2
1 1
+1 +1 1
𝑡2 𝑡2
∫ 1 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1 2
𝑑𝑡 (2)
+𝑡 2 (𝑡− )
𝑡2 𝑡
1 1
Take 𝑡 − = 𝑢 ⇒ (1 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑡 𝑡
1
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 1 𝑡−
∫ 𝑢2 +2 = tan−1 +𝐶 = tan−1 ( 𝑡
)+𝐶 (1)
√2 √2 √2 √2
1 𝑇𝑎𝑛2 𝑥−1 1
tan−1 ( ) + 𝐶 (2)
√2 √2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1
28. ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ − (4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂) = −3𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( )
2
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝑚1 × 𝑚
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = |1 2 −3| = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ ( 1)
2 4 −5
 1
|𝑚 𝑚2 | = √5
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (2)

1
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
(⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 ) . (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑚1 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑚2 ) = −6 (2)
6 6 1
SD = |− | = (2)
√5 √5
29. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 1 2
1
𝑓 1 (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 12 (2)
= −6(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)
At critical points ,
1
𝑓 1 (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −2, −1 (2)
These critical points ,divide the domain R into sub –intervals
1
(−∞, −2), (−2, −1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1, ∞) (2)

Intervals Points Sign of 𝑓 1 (𝑥) Increasing/Decreasing

(−∞, −2) −3 −𝑣𝑒 ↓

(−2, −1) −1.5 +𝑣𝑒 ↑

(−1, ∞) 0 −𝑣𝑒 ↓

The function is strictly increasing in(−2, −1) and strictly decreasing (−∞, −2)&(−1, ∞).
1
(1 + )
2

30. Graph

(0,40)

C
50, 40
B ( )
3 3
(0,20)

O A

(0,0) (25,0) (50,0)

1
Each line (2)
 Quadrilateral OABC is the feasible region with vertices (1)
50 40
𝑂(0,0), 𝐴(25,0), 𝐵 ( 3 , 3 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 (0,20)

Corners Vales of Z 1
(1 + )
O ( 0,0) 0 2
A( 25,0) 25
50 40
B( 3 , 3 ) 30 (Max. Value)
C(0,20) 25

31. Since it is a probability distribution ∑ 𝑝𝑖 = 1

X 0 1 2 3 4 >4

P(X) 0 k 4k 2k k 0
1
𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 1 ( )
2
0 + 𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 𝑘 = 1
1
8𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑘 = (1)
8
1 1
(𝑖) 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 𝑘 = ( )
8 2
X 0 1 2 3 4 >4

P(X) 0 1 4 2 1 0
8 8 8 8
∑ 𝑝𝑖 = 1

(ii) 𝑃( 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑋 = 2 ) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑘 + 4𝑘 = 5𝑘

5 1
= 5𝑘 = ( )
8 2
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑃(𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 4)
7 1
= 4𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 𝑘 = 7𝑘 = 8 (2)
𝐒𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐃
1 −1 2 −2 0 1 1 0 0
32. [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] = [0 1 0] ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼 ( 1)
3 −2 4 6 1 −2 0 0 1
𝐴−1 = 𝐵 (1)

The given system can be expressed in the matrix form

1 0 3 𝑥 9
[−1 2 −2] [ ] = [ 4 ] ⇒ 𝐴𝑇 𝑋 = 𝐶 ⇒ 𝑋 = (𝐴𝑇 )−1 𝐶 ⇒ (𝐴−1 )𝑇 𝐶 (1)
𝑦
2 −3 4 𝑧 −3
 −2 9 6 9 0
⇒ 𝐵𝑇 𝐶 = [ 0 2 1 ] [ 4 ] = [5] (1)
1 −3 −2 −3 3
𝑥 = 0 , 𝑦 = 5 𝑧 = 3 (1)
OR
Let 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 be the length and breadth of the rectangle
Then area = 𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 − 50)(𝑦 + 50) (1)
= 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + 50𝑥 − 50𝑦 − 2500 (1)
= 50𝑥 − 50𝑦 = 2500
= 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 50 (1)
= (𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 − 20) = 𝑥𝑦 − 5300
= −20𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 200 = −5300
= 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 550 (1)
= 3𝑥 = 600 ⇒ 𝑥 = 200 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 150 (1)
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 2
33. 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 𝑦 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 tan−1 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 tan−1 𝑦
= ⇒ 𝑑𝑦 + 1+𝑦2 = (1)
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 2 1+𝑦 2
1 tan−1 𝑦 1
DE is Linear DE where 𝑃 = 1+𝑦2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄= 1+𝑦 2
(2)
1
∫1+𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑦 (1)
IF= 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑦 =𝑒 = 𝑒 tan
Solution is
−1 𝑦 −1 𝑦 tan−1 𝑦 1 1
𝑥𝑒 tan = ∫ 𝑒 tan 1+𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 (2) , tan−1 𝑦 = 𝑡 ⇒ 1+𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 − ∫ 1 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 + 𝐶
𝑡
−1 𝑦 −1 −1 𝑦
𝑥𝑒 tan = tan−1 𝑦 𝑒 tan 𝑦 − 𝑒 tan +𝐶
tan−1 𝑦 −1
𝑥𝑒 = 𝑒 tan 𝑦 (tan 𝑦 − 1) + 𝐶
−1
𝑥 = tan−1 𝑦 − 1 + 𝐶𝑒 −tan 𝑦 (1)
Given that 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0
1
1=0−1+𝐶 ⇒𝐶 =2 ( )
2
Particular solution is
−1 𝑦 1
𝑥 = tan−1 𝑦 − 1 + 2𝑒 tan (2)
OR
𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 1
= = + √ ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 2
𝐻𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷𝐸
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (2)
The DE becomes
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 2 (1)
 𝑑𝑣 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √1 + 𝑣 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑣 = (1)
√1+𝑣 2 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 2 | = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥| + log 𝐶

𝑦 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 2 = 𝑥𝐶 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 𝐶𝑥 (1)
𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶𝑥 2
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = 1
𝐶 = 1 Particular Solution is 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 .(1)
1
34. Figure (2)
Let 𝑃 (2, −1, −1) be the given point Q, the foot of the perpendicular and 𝑃1 ,
the image of P. Any point on the line say Q (𝜆 + 2, 3𝜆 + 1,2𝜆 − 2) (1)
1
DRs of 𝑃𝑄〈𝜆, 3𝜆 + 2,2𝜆 − 1〉 (2)
DRs of 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑙〈1,3,2〉
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝑙 ⇒ 𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 = 0
2
𝜆. 1 + (3𝜆 + 2)3 + (2𝜆 − 1)2 = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 = − 7 (1)
12 1 18
Coordinates of foot of the perpendicular 𝑄 = ( , ,− ) (1)
7 7 7
Let 𝑃1 be the image of P , then Q is the midpoint of 𝑃𝑃 1
10 9 29
Coordinates of 𝑃1 = ( 7 , 7 , − 7 ) (1)

𝟔 𝟏 1
35. Probability that A wins the game = = (2)
𝟑𝟔 𝟔
5 1
Probability that A loses the game = (2)
6
1 1
Probability that B wins the game = (2)
12
11 1
Probability that B loses the game = (2)
12
Probability that B wins = B gets 2nd throw or 4th or 6thetc
5 1 5 11 5 1 5 11 5 11 5 1
= × + × × × + × × × × × + ⋯ … … . (1)
6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
5 1 5 11
This is an infinite GP with 𝑎 = 6 × 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 6 × 12 (1)
𝑎 5
= = (1)
1−𝑟 17

SECTION E

36. Total Cost = 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 + 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈.

= 50𝑥 2 + 400ℎ2
12500
(i) C(h) = + 400ℎ2 (𝑥 2 ℎ = 250) (1)
ℎ
 𝑑𝑐 12500
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑑ℎ = − + 800ℎ
ℎ2
𝑑𝑐 12500
𝐴𝑡 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 =0 ⇒− + 800ℎ = 0
𝑑ℎ ℎ2
5
⇒ ℎ = 2 (1)
𝑑2 𝐶 25000
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) = + 800 (2)
𝑑ℎ2 ℎ3
OR
12500 25
Minimum Cost = 5⁄ + 400 × = 7500 (2)
2 4
37. (i) R is Reflexive as every line is parallel to itself
(𝑙, 𝑙) ∈ 𝑅 ∀ 𝑙 ∈ 𝐿
Let(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑙2 , 𝑙1 ) ∈ 𝑅 , 𝑖𝑒, R is symmeytric
Let (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ), (𝑙2 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (𝑙1 , 𝑙3 ) ∈ 𝑅 𝑖𝑒, 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒. (1)
(ii) R is an equivalence relation as it is reflexive , symmetric and
transitive. (1)
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4
A function y = f(x)is said to be bijective if it is one one&onto
𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇒ 𝑥1 − 4 = 𝑥2 − 4
𝑖𝑒 , 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 ⇒ 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 4
𝑖𝑒, ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐶𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 .
𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜. (2)
OR
Range of f is the set of real numbers (2)
38. 𝐸1 : the event that the person has suffering from Dengue
𝐸2 ∶ the event that the person has no disease
𝐴 : the event that Dengue test result is positive
(i) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 ) × 𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐸2 )
0.1 90 99.9 1 108.9
= × 100 + 100 × 100= = 1.089% (2)
100 10000
0.1 90
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐸1 ) ×
(ii) 𝑃(𝐸1 ⁄𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸 = 100 100
0.1 90 99.9 1
1 ) ×𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐸1 )+ 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐸2 ) × + ×
100 100 100 100

9 90 10
= 108.9 = 1089 = 121 (2)

SET 2
21. Let 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ be the base radius and height of the cylinder at any time t.
𝑑𝑟 𝑑ℎ 1
Given that = −3𝑐𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 (2)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Volume of the cylinder
Volume of the cylinder 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋 [𝑟 2 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑟ℎ 𝑑𝑡 ] = 𝜋[2𝑟 2 − 6𝑟ℎ] (1)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 3 1
[ ] = 𝜋(2 × 49 − 6 × 7 × 2) = 14 𝜋 𝑐𝑚 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝑑𝑡 𝑟=7𝑐𝑚 ,𝑟=2 𝑐𝑚 2
25. A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if
1
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐) ( )
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 2

0r lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)

𝑥→𝑐
3𝑥 3𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑛 3 3 1
lim 2
=𝑘 ⇒ 3lim 3
2
=𝑘 ⇒𝑘= . (1 + )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 2 2
2 2

26. A line passes through (2, −1,3) and is perpendicular to the lines
𝑟 = (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) + 𝜇(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) .
Obtain its equation in vector and Cartesian form.
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3 1
Equation of required line can be taken as = = ---(1) (2)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
(1) is ⊥ 𝑡𝑜 = =
2 −2 1
1
Therefore 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0 − − − (2) (2)
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧+3
(1)𝑖𝑠 ⊥ 𝑡𝑜 = =
1 2 2
1
Therefore 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 0 ( )
2

𝑎 = 2 , 𝑏 = 1 𝑐 = −2 (1)
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
The required line becomes = = and its vector equation is
2 1 −2
1
𝑟 = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂) (2)
𝑥4
28. (𝑥) = − 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 12
4
1
𝑓 1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 24 (2)

𝑓 1 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 3)

𝐴𝑡 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑓 1 (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −3, 2, 4 (1)
The critical points divide the domain of the function R into sub intervals
Intervals Points Sign of 𝑓 1 (𝑥) ↓/↑
(−∞, −3) -4 - ve ↓

(−3,2) 0 +ve ↑

(2,4) 3 -ve ↓
(4, ∞) 5 +ve ↑
 1
(1 + 2)

32.
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑃 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑄, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃1 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒. (2)
1
Any point on the line say Q can be taken as (10𝜆 + 11, −4𝜆 − 2, −11𝜆 − 8) (2)
Drs of PQ are 〈10𝜆 + 9, −4𝜆 − 1, −11𝜆 − 13〉 (1)
Drs of line are 〈10, −4, −11〉
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝑙 ⇒ (10𝜆 + 9)10 + (−4𝜆 − 1) − 4 + (−11𝜆 − 13) − 11 = 0 (1)
𝜆 = −1 ⇒ 𝑄 (1,2,3) (1)
Q is the midpoint of 𝑃𝑃1 ⇒ 𝑃1 (0,5,1) (1)
SET 3
21.A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if
1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐) (2)
𝑥→𝑐 + 𝑥→𝑐

0r lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)

𝑥→𝑐
(𝑥)2 −25 1 1
lim 𝑥−5
= 𝑘 (2) (1 + 2)
𝑥→5

= 2 × 5 = 𝑘 = 10
1
25. 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ( )
2
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋2𝑟 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 2𝜋𝑟 × 5 = 10𝜋𝑟 (1)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 1
( 𝑑𝑡 ) = 80𝜋𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠𝑒𝑐 (2)
𝑟=8
26 3 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 12𝑥 + 15
1
𝑓 1 (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 12 (2)
At critical points, 𝑓 1 (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 6 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
⇒ 𝑥 = 1,2 (1)

Interval points Sign of 𝑓 1 (𝑥) ↑/↓

(−∞, 1) 0 +ve ↑

(1,2) 1.5 -ve ↓

(2, ∞) 3 +ve ↑

1
(1 + 2)
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 𝑧+4
31. 𝑙1 : 1
= 2 = 2
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧
𝑙2 : 3 = 2 = 6
 1
Any point on the line 𝑙1 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 as (𝜆 + 3,2𝜆 + 2, 2𝜆 − 4) (2)
1
Any point on the line 𝑙2 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 as (3𝜇 + 5,2𝜇 − 2,6𝜇) (2)
If two lines intersect , for some values of 𝜆 andμ , corresponding
coordinates are the same.
𝑖𝑒, 𝜆 + 3 = 3𝜇 + 5 (1) , 2𝜆 + 2 = 2𝜇 − 2 (2) 2𝜆 − 4 = 6𝜇 (3) (1)
Solving 1 and 2 we get 𝜆 = −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 = −2
These values satisfy the equation (3).
That is the two lines intersect
Point of intersection (−1, −6 − 12) (1)
35. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑃 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑄, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃1 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒.
1
Any point on the line say Q can be taken as (𝜆, 2𝜆 + 1,3𝜆 + 2) (2)
Drs of PQ are 〈𝜆 − 1,2𝜆 − 5,3𝜆 − 1〉 (1)
1
Drs of line are 〈1,2,3〉 (2)
𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝑙 ⇒ (𝜆 − 1) + (2𝜆 + 1)2 + (3𝜆 + 2)3 = 0 (1)
𝜆 = 1 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑄 ( 1,3,5) (1)
If 𝑃 is the image of P , then Q is the midpoint of 𝑃𝑃1
1

Then using midpoint formula 𝑃1 (1,0,7) (1)