AASL logarithms [178 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 8] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.6

(a) Show that log (cos 2x + 2) = log 3 √ cos 2x + 2. [3]
9

(b) Hence or otherwise solve

log 3 (2 sin x) = log 9 (cos 2x + 2) for 0 < x <
π

2
. [5]

2. [Maximum mark: 5] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.2

Solve the equation 2 ln x = ln 9 + 4. Give your answer in the
form x = pe
q
where p, q ∈ Z
+
. [5]

3. [Maximum mark: 5] 24M.1.SL.TZ1.3

1
It is given that log 10 a =
3
, where a > 0.

Find the value of

(a) log 10 (
1
); [2]
a

(b) log 1000 a. [3]

4. [Maximum mark: 16] 24M.1.SL.TZ2.9

Consider the arithmetic sequence a, p, q … , where a, p, q ≠ 0.

(a) Show that 2p − q = a. [2]

Consider the geometric sequence a, s, t … , where a, s, t ≠ 0.

(b) Show that s 2 = at.

 [2]

The first term of both sequences is a.

It is given that q = t = 1.

(c) Show that p >

1
. [2]
2

Consider the case where a = 9, s > 0 and q = t = 1.

(d) Write down the first four terms of the

(d.i) arithmetic sequence; [2]

(d.ii) geometric sequence. [2]

The arithmetic and the geometric sequence are used to form a new arithmetic
sequence u n .

The first three terms of u n are u 1 = 9 + ln 9, u 2 = 5 + ln 3, and

u 3 = 1 + ln 1.

(e.i) Find the common difference of the new sequence in terms of

ln 3. [3]

(e.ii) Show that ∑ i=1

10
= −90 − 25 ln 3. [3]

5. [Maximum mark: 12] 24M.2.SL.TZ1.7

Consider the function defined by f (x) =
3

2
e
x−2
, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.

(a) Show that the inverse function is given by

2x
). [3]
−1
f (x) = 2 + ln (
3

The graphs of f and f −1 intersect at two points P and Q, as shown on the

following diagram.
 (b) Find PQ. [3]

The graph of f is reflected in the x-axis and then translated parallel to the y-axis
by 5 units in the positive direction to give the graph of a function g.

(c) Write down

(c.i) an expression for g(x); [2]

(c.ii) the domain of g. [1]

(d) Solve the equation f (x) = g(x). Give your answer in the
form x = a + ln b, where a, b ∈ Q. [3]

6. [Maximum mark: 6] 24M.2.SL.TZ2.4

The loudness of a sound, L, measured in decibels, is related to its intensity, I
units, by L = 10 log 10 (I × 10
12
).

Consider two sounds, S 1 and S 2 .

−6
S1 has an intensity of 10 units and a loudness of 60 decibels.
 S2 has an intensity that is twice that of S 1 .
(a) State the intensity of S 2 . [1]

(b) Determine the loudness of S 2 . [2]

The maximum loudness of thunder in a thunderstorm was measured to be 115

decibels.

(c) Find the corresponding intensity, I , of the thunder. [3]

7. [Maximum mark: 15] 23N.1.SL.TZ1.8

The functions f and g are defined by

f (x) = ln (2x − 7), where x >

7

g(x) = 2 ln x − ln d, where x > 0, d ∈ R .

+

(a) State the equation of the vertical asymptote to the graph of

y = g(x). [1]

The graphs of y = f (x) and y = g(x) intersect at two distinct points.

(b.i) Show that, at the points of intersection,

− 2dx + 7d = 0. [4]
2
x

(b.ii) Hence, show that d 2 − 7d > 0. [3]

(b.iii) Find the range of possible values of d. [2]

The following diagram shows parts of the graph y = f (x) and y = g(x).
 The graphs intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.
(c) In the case where d = 10, find the value of q − p. Express
your answer in the form a√b, where a, b ∈ Z
+
. [5]

8. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.5

Find the range of possible values of k such that e 2x + ln k = 3e
x

has at least one real solution. [6]

9. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.5

The following diagram shows part of the graph of y =
x
2
x +2
for
x ≥ 0.
 [6]

The shaded region R is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line
x = c.

The area of R is ln 3.

Find the value of c.

10. [Maximum mark: 15] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.8

Calculate the value of each of the following logarithms:

(a.i) log 2
1
. [2]
16

(a.ii) log 9 3. [2]

(a.iii) log √
3
81. [3]

It is given that log ab a = 3, where a, b ∈ R

+
, ab ≠ 1.

(b.i) Show that log ab b = −2. [4]

(b.ii) Hence find the value of log ab

3
√a
.
√b
[4]
11. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.5
Consider the curve with equation y = (2x − 1)e
kx
, where x ∈ R

and k ∈ Q.

The tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 is parallel to the

line y = 5e x.
k

Find the value of k. [5]

12. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.2

(a) The expression
3√x−5
can be written as 3 − 5x p . Write
√x

down the value of p. [1]

(b) 9 3√x−5
Hence, find the value of ∫ 1 ( ) d x.
[4]
√x

13. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.8

Consider the series ln x + p ln x +
1

3
ln x + …, where x ∈ R, x > 1

and p ∈ R, p ≠ 0.

Consider the case where the series is geometric.

(a.i) Show that p = ±

1
. [2]
√3

(a.ii) Given that p > 0 and S ∞ = 3 + √ 3, find the value of x. [3]

Now consider the case where the series is arithmetic with common difference d.

(b.i) Show that p =

2
. [3]
3

(b.ii) Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1]

 (b.iii) The sum of the first n terms of the series is −3 ln x.

Find the value of n. [6]

14. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.8

Consider the series ln x + p ln x +
1

3
ln x + …, where x ∈ R, x > 1

and p ∈ R, p ≠ 0.

Consider the case where the series is geometric.

(a.i) Show that p = ±

1
. [2]
√3

(a.ii) Given that p > 0 and S ∞ = 3 + √ 3, find the value of x. [3]

Now consider the case where the series is arithmetic with common difference d.

(b.i) Show that p =

2
. [3]
3

(b.ii) Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1]

(b.iii) The sum of the first n terms of the series is −3 ln x.

Find the value of n. [6]

15. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.8

1
Consider the functions f (x) =
x−4
+ 1, for x ≠ 4, and g(x) = x − 3

for x ∈ R.

The following diagram shows the graphs of f and g.

The graphs of f and g intersect at points A and B. The coordinates of A are
(3, 0).

(a) Find the coordinates of B. [5]

In the following diagram, the shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the
graph of g, the x-axis, and the line x = k, where k ∈ Z.

The area of the shaded region can be written as ln(p) + 8, where p ∈ Z.

 (b) Find the value of k and the value of p. [10]

16. [Maximum mark: 15] 21N.1.SL.TZ0.8

Consider the function f (x) = a
x
where x, a ∈ R and x > 0, a > 1.

The graph of f contains the point ( 23 , 4).

(a) Show that a = 8. [2]

(b) Write down an expression for f −1 (x). [1]

(c)
Find the value of f −1 (√32). [3]

Consider the arithmetic sequence

log 8 27 , log 8 p , log 8 q , log 8 125 , where p > 1 and q > 1.

(d.i) Show that 27, p, q and 125 are four consecutive terms in a
geometric sequence. [4]

(d.ii) Find the value of p and the value of q. [5]

17. [Maximum mark: 14] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_10

Let g (x) = p
x
+ q, for x, p, q ∈ R, p > 1. The point A (0, a) lies on the
graph of g.

Let f (x) = g
−1
(x). The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection
of point A in the line y = x.

(a) Write down the coordinates of B. [2]

The line L 1 is tangent to the graph of f at B.

(b) Given that f ′ (a) =
1
, find the equation of L 1 in terms of
ln p

x, p and q. [5]

(c) The line L 2 is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation

y = (ln p)x + q + 1.

The line L 2 passes through the point (−2, − 2).

The gradient of the normal to g at A is 1

1
.
ln( )
3

Find the equation of L 1 in terms of x. [7]

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