2.

SOME BASIC FORMULAE

(i) sinA+ cos²A = 1
(ii) 1 + tan A= sec A or, secA - tanA= 1
1
Or, sec A+ tan A = where A#n +2
sec A - tan A
(iüi) 1+ cot A= cosec A or, cosec A - cot A = 1
1
or, cosec A + cot A= where A# nTt.
coSec A -cot A
3. DOMAIN AND RANGE OF TRIGONOMETRICAL
FUNCTIONS
Domain Range
sin A R (-1,1]
cos A R (-1,1]
tan A R- ((2n +1) /2: ne Z) (-3, o) =R
COsec A R- {(n T:ne Z) (-oo, -1]u[1,>)
sec A R-{(2 n+1) /2:ne Z} (-oo, -1] v[l, co)
cot A R- {n n:neZ} (-o, oo) =R
Thus, sin A| <1, cos A|s1, sec A>1 or, sec AS-1
and, cosec A 1 or, cosec A S-1.
4. SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAE
1. sin (A + B) sin Acos B + cos A sin B
2. sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cOs A sin B
3. cos (A + B) = COS A cos B - sin A sin B
4. cos (A -B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
5. tan (A + B) = tan A+tanBwhere A#n n+r/2,
1- tanAtan B Bnt+ T/2
tan A - tan B
6. tan (A- B) = 1+ tanAtan B and, A t Bm t+ 2

cot Acot B-1

7. cot (A + B) = cot A + cot B
, where A#n, B#n1
cot Acot B +1
cot (A - B) = cot B - cot A and, AtB#n1

8. sin (A +B) sin (A - B) =sin A- sin B= cos B-cosA

9. cos (A +B)cos (A -B) =cos A- sin? B= cos? B- sinA
10. sin 20 = 2 sin cos = 2tan
1+ tan0
11. cos 20 = cos e - sin 0
cos 20 = 2 c o s -1
cos 20 = 1-2sin 0
cos 2 0 = 1- tan
1+ tan
 DIFFERENCE
12. 1 + cos 2 0 = 2 cos 0, 1- cos 2 0 = 2 sin 9 6. PRODUCT INTO SUM OR
1 + cos20 1. 2 sin A cos B sin (A + B) + sin (A - B)
Or, = cos0. I- cos20 sin? 0 B) - sin (A - B)
2 2 2. 2 cos A sin B sin (A +
B) + cos (A - B)
13. tan 2 0 = 2tan 9 3. 2 cos A cos B = cos (A +
1- tane
-, where 0 (21 + 1)7 cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)
4. 2sinAsin B
14. 1- cos 0 THREE OR MORE
sin 0 tan where 0 # 2n T 7. T-RATIOS OF THE SUM OF
ANGLES
15. 1+ cos0
1. sin (A+ B+ C) =sin A cos B cos C+ cosAsin BcosC
sin 0 = cot where (2 n+ 1) r + COs A cos B sin C - sin Asin B sin C

16.
1- cos 0 tan? 2 where or,
1+ cos 0 (2n + 1)
sin (A + B+C)
tan B+ tanC
17.
1+ cos 9
cos e co where 0 # 2 n = cOs A cos B coOs C (tanA+
1- - tan A tan B tarn C)
Asin B cos C
18. sin 30 = 3 sin 0 - 4 sin 9 2. cos (A+ B+C) = cós Acos B cos C - sin
- sin A cos B sin C - cos A sin B sin C
19. cos 30 = 4cos - 3 cos 0 Or,

t£n 0 tan A cos (A +B+C)

20. tan3 9 = = cos Acos B cos C(1 tan A tan B
1-3tan²0
tan B tan C - tan C tan A)
tan A + tan B + tan C- tan A tan B tan C
21. os A
cos 2A cos 2 A... cos 2"-1A= Sn2A 3. tan(A+B+C) = 1-tanA tan B- tan B tan C-tan C tan A
2 sin A
4. sin (A, + A, t ... + A,)
22. sin sin (60-0) sin (60° +0) = sin 30
4 = cos A, cos Az ... cos A, (S1 - S3 + S5 - S, + ..)
23. cos cos (60°- 0) cos (60°+0) =jcos30 5. cos (A, + A t ... + A)
= cOs A, cos A, .. cos A, (1 - S, + S4 - S6 t )
24. tan 0 tan (60-0)t¡n (60°+ 0) = tan 3 S - S3 t S5 - S, +..
6. tan (A, + Ag t *.. An1 - S, +
5. SUM AND DIFFERENCE INTO PRODUCTS S4 - S6 t ...
where
1. sin A + sin B = 2 sin A + B A- B
2
cos2 S, = tanA, + tan A, + ... + tan A.,
= Sum of the tangents of the separate angles,
2. sin A - sin B = 2 sin
S = tan A, tan A, + tan A, tan A3 t .
= Sum of the tangents taken two at a time,
A + B A- B
3. cos A + cos B = 2 cos 2 |cos 2 S3 = tan.A tan A tan A, + tan A, tan Az tan A, + ...
= Sum of the tangents taken three at a time, and so on.
4. cos A- cos B = -2 sin
If A, = A, =... =A, =A, we have

Sin (A+ B) S = n tanA, S, = "C, tan A, S, ="Cg tanA, ...

R
5. tan A+ tan COs A cos B where A, B#n n+;
sin (A- B)
Therefore, we have
6. tan A-tan B= cOs A cos B nE Z
7. sin n A=cos" A("C, tan A-"C, tan A +"C tan A- ..)
sin (A + B) 8. cos nA=cos" A(1-"C, tan 4+"C, tan A+ ..)
7. cot A
+ cot B= sin A sin B
where A, BnT, nE Z
sin (B-A)
8. cot A- cot B= sin Asin B 9. tan n A = "C tan A-"C, tan A+"Cg tan A...
1-"C, tan A+"C, tan A-"Ch tan° A+...
 IOS AND IDENTITIES
10. sin n A + cos n A
= cos"
"A1+ "C, tan A-"C, tan' A- "C, tanA
+"C, tan A +"Cç tan A-"C,tan A-"C,
11. sin n A - cos n A
tan'A+ .]
=cos" A(-1+"C, tan A+"C, tan' A
-"C, tan A-"C, tan" A+"C; tan A+"C, lan A
12. sin a + sin (a + B)+ sin (a + 2 B) t ...)
...+ sin a+ (n -1) B
sin a +(n - sin/ "
2
sin B/2
13. cosa+ cos (a+ B) + cos (a +2 B) +...+ cos . +(n
-1) B
cos
+(n-1) sin nB2
a+(

sin ß/2
8.
TRIGONOMETRICAL
ANGLES
RATIOS OF SOME IMPORTANT

1. sin 15° = N3-1

2N2
2. cos 15 = V3 +1
2 V2
3. tan 15° = 2 - V3 = cot 75°
4. cot 15° = 2 + v3 = tan 75°

5. sin 22-V2-)
6. cos 22 =V2 +
1 2 - 1
7. tan 22=
2
1°
8. cot 22 2 = 2 + 1
9. sin 18° = V5 -1 = cOs 72°
4

10. cos 18° =

V10 + 2N5
= sin 72°
4

11. sin 36° =

V102V5 = cos 54°
4

12.. cos 36° = V5 +1 = sin 54°

4

13. sin 9° =
V3 + 5 - V5-5 = cos 81°
4

14. cos 9° =
V3+5 + V5 - 5
= sin 81°
4