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Mobile - All LECs Examples

The document discusses various mobile communication systems, focusing on the differences between AMPS and GSM, highlighting the efficiency of TDMA over FDMA. It also covers Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and its disadvantages, as well as concepts related to frequency reuse and traffic measurement in mobile networks. Additionally, it includes calculations for channel bandwidth, user rates, and co-channel interference ratios.

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Ahmed Raslan
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2 views

Mobile - All LECs Examples

The document discusses various mobile communication systems, focusing on the differences between AMPS and GSM, highlighting the efficiency of TDMA over FDMA. It also covers Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and its disadvantages, as well as concepts related to frequency reuse and traffic measurement in mobile networks. Additionally, it includes calculations for channel bandwidth, user rates, and co-channel interference ratios.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Raslan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example: AMPS [Advanced Mobile Phone System]

30 kHz

30 MHz

AMPS B.W = 30KHz

To avoid adjacent interference


300Hz 3400Hz

N-AMPS (Narrow AMPS) ➔ 10KHz and using sharp filters.

Prepared / Presented By: Dr. Mohamed Youssef 6

For FDMA, Channel B.W is required

But for TDMA, (Carrier B.W) , (No of TSs) and (TS duration).

Example: GSM

Carrier B.W = 200KHz.


Number of TS = 8 TS.
TS duration = 577 µs.
Frame duration = 8 * 577 µs = 4.615 ms.

Number of carriers for GSM = (25MHz/200kHz) = 125 Frequencies.

The difference between AMPS & GSM

8 users on AMPS = 8*30KHz = 240 kHz.


8 users on GSM = 200 kHz.

So TDMA is more efficient.

Prepared / Presented By: Dr. Mohamed Youssef 10


b) Time Division Multiplexing (TDM):

S1 Examples: Modern Transmission Technology

32 Bytes = 32 TS E1
S2 Mux
. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy [SDH]
.
.
.
.

Sn

24 Bytes = 24 TS T1
Synchronous Optical Network [SONET]

Prepared / Presented By: Dr. Mohamed Youssef 16

Sampling Duration = (1/8000) = 125 µSec.

So the duration of the frame = 125 µSec.

Rate for E1 = (32*8)/(125 µSec) = 2.048 Mbps.

Rate for each user [E0] = 2Mbps / 32 = 64kbps.

Disadvantage of TDM:

Waste of time due to unused time slots.

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o−channel reuse ratio (Q) = =

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Since S = KN, where N is the cluster size , we have N = S/K

By the definition of frequency reuse factor, we have frequency reuse factor = 1/N = K/S.

Prepared / Presented By: DR. Mohamed Youssef 11


When the transmit power of each base station is equal and the path loss exponent is the same
throughout the coverage area, S/I for a mobile can be approximated as

io

Considering only the first layer of interfering cells, if all the interfering base stations are equidistant
from the desired base station and if this distance is equal to the distance D between cell centers, then
the previous equation simplifies to

15

(a) n = 4 :

First, let us consider cluster size (N) = 7.

( ) ( . )
= 73.5

10 log 73.5 = 18.66 dB. greater than the required SIR.

Since this is greater than the minimum required S/I, N = 7 can be used.

Prepared / Presented By: DR. Mohamed Youssef 16

(b) n = 3:

First, let us consider cluster size (N) = 7. ➔ ( i = 1 & j = 2 )

( ) ( . )
= 16.04

10 log 16.04 = 12.05 dB. Less than the minimum required SIR.
So, we need to use a larger N.

The next possible value of N is 12, ( i = 2 & j = 2 )

The corresponding co-channel ratio is given by

( ) ( )
= 36
Since this is greater than the minimum required S/I,
10 log 36 = 15.56 dB. greater than the required SIR. N = 12 can be used.

Prepared / Presented By: DR. Mohamed Youssef 17


(a) Let be the number of co-channel interfering cells, (b) 120° sectoring, = 2. Assume n = 4.
( )
For omni-directional antenna, = 6. Assume n = 4. > 31.622

( ) ( )
> 15 dB = 31.622 = 31.622 ➔ N > 2.65 ➔ N = 3

( ) (b) 60° sectoring, = 1. Assume n = 4.


= 31.622 ➔ N > 4.59 ➔ N = 7
( )
> 31.622

( )
= 31.622 ➔ N > 1.87 ➔ N = 3

Prepared / Presented By: DR. Mohamed Youssef 18


❑ Traffic Measurement (Erlangs):

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❑ Capacity of Erlang B System:

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❑Erlang B Chart:

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❑Example 1:

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❑Example 2:

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❑Solution:

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❑Solution (Cont.):

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❑Solution (Cont.):

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❑Solution (Cont.):

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