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PFE LESSON 11_ MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

The document discusses the principles of magnetism and electromagnetism, including the characteristics of magnetic fields, misconceptions about magnetism, and methods for magnetizing and demagnetizing materials. It also covers applications of electromagnetism in devices like motors and loudspeakers, and includes assessment questions to test understanding of the concepts presented. Key topics include magnetic poles, magnetic induction, and the functioning of electromagnets.

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Marc Efren Roxas
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11 views

PFE LESSON 11_ MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

The document discusses the principles of magnetism and electromagnetism, including the characteristics of magnetic fields, misconceptions about magnetism, and methods for magnetizing and demagnetizing materials. It also covers applications of electromagnetism in devices like motors and loudspeakers, and includes assessment questions to test understanding of the concepts presented. Key topics include magnetic poles, magnetic induction, and the functioning of electromagnets.

Uploaded by

Marc Efren Roxas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

Motors everywhere

Describing a magnetic field

Field line indicate both direction and magnitude (strength) of a magnetic field. They end at poles.

A compass needle can be thought of as a test dipole.

Magnetic flux density (field strength) has symbol B, unit tesla.


Common misconceptions:

All metals are magnetic materials.

Static charges interact with the poles of permanent magnets.

Magnetic poles are located on the surface of a magnet.

(Careful observation shows that they are inside the magnet.)

Magnetic poles: always pairs

A permanent magnet can be split into two or more magnets, each with N and S poles which cannot be isolated.

This suggests that the magnetic effect of a permanent magnet comes from microscopic, circulating electric
currents.

Domain Theory

Magnetising and Demagnetising

Make a magnet

By stroking

By using DC coil carrying current

By tapping while aligned with the Earth’s field

Demagnetise a magnet

By dropping or banging randomly

By heating

By applying a diminishing AC current


Magnetic Induction

A permanent magnet can induce temporary magnetism in a “soft” magnetic material.

This causes attraction, but cannot cause repulsion.

Use repulsion to test if an object is already magnetized.

Magnetic field of a straight wire


Magnetic field of a Solenoid

Note the similarity

A stronger electromagnet
Uses of Electromagnetism

Loudspeaker

Moving coil microphone

Motors of various designs

Electric bell or buzzer

Moving coil galvanometer (ammeter)

Relay (control circuit with small current switches a second, larger, current circuit)

Catapult Effect

Simple DC Motor
Motors and Loudspeakers

Parallel Currents
ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer.

1. Why does a compass always point north?

A. the needle is a magnet and it aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field

B. Earth’s south pole does not have a magnetic pull

C. Earth is a magnet and it attracts all metal objects towards the north

D. All magnets have a north and south pole

2. What would increase the strength of an electromagnet?

A. Increasing the amount of current flowing through the wire.

B. Changing the direction of the current

C. Inserting a wooden core inside the coil

D. Decreasing the number of coils of wire.

3. When a bar magnet is broken in half, what is the result?

A. Two N poles

B. Two N poles and two S poles

C. Two S poles

D. The bar loses its magnetic properties

4. Magnetic Field lines….

A. go out of the N side and into the S side

B. go out of the N side and out of the S side

C. go out of the S side and into the N side

D. go into the N side and go into S side.

5. A moving magnetic field causes current to flow is called…

A. Electromagnetic Induction C. Magnetism

B. North Pole D. Generator


6. A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

A. electromagnet C. Electromagnetic induction

B. Electric motor D. electromagnetism

7. What kind of magnet can be turned on and off?

A. refrigerator magnet C. electromagnet

B. magnetite D. iron

8. British scientist who discovered that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

A. Hans Christian Oersted C. Michael Faraday

B. Thomas Edison D. Troy Nasworthy

9. A tiny region in a magnet where all the atoms are grouped together and their poles are aligned.

A. Domain C. North

B. South D. Commutator

10. Spinning electrons themselves are small.

A. magnets C. atoms

B. generators D. joules

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