CEBU INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY

N. BACALSO AVE., CEBU CITY

C.E. LAWS
ASSIGNMENT # 2

CE 356 – M14

SUBMITTED BY: TUAZON, JAN GWILYM G.

COURSE AND YEAR: BS CIVIL ENGINEERING - 3

DATE SUBMITTED: FEB. 13, 2025

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. RAUL G. LUMARDA

INSTRUCTOR
The National Building Code of the Philippines outlines essential regulations for building
administration, construction types, permits, inspections, and fire safety.

Chapter 2: Administration and Enforcement establishes the framework for the

implementation of the Code, detailing the roles of government agencies in enforcing
building regulations and ensuring compliance with safety standards. This chapter is
crucial for establishing the roles and responsibilities of various government entities
involved in the building process.

1. Purpose and Scope

The primary purpose of Chapter 2 is to establish a clear framework for the

administration of the NBCP. It aims to ensure that all building activities comply with
the standards set forth in the Code, thereby promoting public safety and welfare. The
chapter applies to all types of buildings and structures, regardless of their use or
occupancy.

2. Government Agencies Involved

The chapter designates specific government agencies responsible for the

enforcement of the Code. The key agencies include:

• Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH): Responsible for the

overall implementation of the Code, particularly for public infrastructure
projects.
• Local Government Units (LGUs): Tasked with the issuance of building
permits, conducting inspections, and enforcing local building regulations in
accordance with the NBCP.

• National Building Code Development Office (NBCDO): A specialized office

within the DPWH that oversees the development and updating of the Code,
ensuring it remains relevant to current building practices and technologies.

3. Building Officials
Building officials are designated by local government units to oversee the
enforcement of the Code at the local level. They are responsible for:

• Reviewing building permit applications.

 • Conducting inspections during various stages of construction.

• Ensuring compliance with safety standards and regulations.

• Issuing certificates of occupancy upon satisfactory completion of a building.

Building officials must possess the necessary qualifications and training to

effectively carry out their duties.

4. Building Permits

The chapter outlines the process for obtaining building permits, which is a
prerequisite for any construction activity. Key points include:

• Application Process: Applicants must submit detailed plans and

specifications, along with other required documents, to the local building
official.

• Review and Approval: The building official reviews the application to ensure
compliance with the NBCP and other relevant laws. If approved, a building
permit is issued, allowing construction to commence.

• Validity: Building permits are typically valid for a specific period, after which
they may need to be renewed if construction has not commenced.
5. Inspections

Regular inspections are mandated throughout the construction process to

ensure compliance with the approved plans and the NBCP. The chapter specifies:
• Types of Inspections: Inspections may include foundation, framing, electrical,
plumbing, and final occupancy inspections.
• Notification: Builders must notify the building official when specific stages of
construction are ready for inspection.

• Non-compliance: If a building is found to be non-compliant during an

inspection, the building official has the authority to issue a stop-work order until
the issues are resolved.

6. Penalties for Non-compliance

The chapter establishes penalties for violations of the NBCP, which may include:
 • Fines: Monetary penalties for failing to obtain necessary permits or for non-
compliance with building regulations.

• Suspension or Revocation of Permits: Building permits may be suspended or

revoked for serious violations.
• Legal Action: The government may take legal action against individuals or
entities that repeatedly violate the Code.

7. Public Participation and Awareness

The chapter emphasizes the importance of public awareness and participation

in the enforcement of the Code. Local governments are encouraged to conduct
information campaigns to educate the public about building regulations and safety
standards.

Chapter 3: Permits and Inspection focuses on the requirements for obtaining building
permits, the process of inspections during construction, and the responsibilities of builders
and owners to adhere to the Code's provisions. This chapter is essential for ensuring that
all building activities comply with safety, health, and welfare standards as mandated by
the Code.

1. Building Permit Requirements

The chapter outlines the necessary steps and documentation required to obtain
a building permit, which is mandatory before any construction can commence. Key
elements include:

• Application Submission: Applicants must submit a comprehensive

application that includes detailed architectural and engineering plans,
specifications, and other relevant documents to the local building official.

• Compliance with Regulations: The application must demonstrate compliance

with the NBCP and other applicable laws, including zoning ordinances and
environmental regulations.
2. Review and Approval Process

Once the application is submitted, the local building official is responsible for
reviewing the documents to ensure they meet all regulatory requirements. The
process includes:
• Evaluation of Plans: The building official evaluates the submitted plans for
compliance with safety standards, structural integrity, and other relevant
criteria.

• Issuance of Building Permit: If the application is approved, a building permit

is issued, allowing the applicant to proceed with construction. The permit
specifies the conditions under which construction may occur.
3. Validity and Renewal of Permits

Building permits are typically valid for a specific period, which is defined by local
regulations. If construction does not commence within this timeframe, the permit may
need to be renewed. The chapter emphasizes the importance of adhering to the
validity period to avoid delays in construction.

4. Inspection Process
Chapter 3 mandates regular inspections at various stages of construction to
ensure compliance with the approved plans and the NBCP. Key points include:

• Types of Inspections: Inspections may include foundation, framing, electrical,

plumbing, and final occupancy inspections. Each type of inspection is designed
to verify that specific aspects of the construction meet safety and quality
standards.
• Notification of Inspections: Builders are required to notify the building official
when specific stages of construction are ready for inspection. This ensures that
inspections are conducted in a timely manner.

5. Compliance and Non-compliance

During inspections, if a building is found to be non-compliant with the approved
plans or the NBCP, the building official has the authority to take corrective actions,
which may include:
 • Issuing Stop-Work Orders: If significant violations are identified, the building
official can issue a stop-work order until the issues are resolved.

• Re-inspections: Follow-up inspections may be required to ensure that

corrective measures have been implemented.
6. Certificate of Occupancy

Upon successful completion of all required inspections and compliance with the
NBCP, a Certificate of Occupancy is issued. This certificate signifies that the building
is safe for occupancy and meets all regulatory requirements. It is a crucial document
for the legal use of the building.

7. Public Awareness and Compliance

The chapter emphasizes the importance of public awareness regarding the
permit and inspection process. Local governments are encouraged to provide
information and guidance to the public to facilitate compliance with the NBCP.

Chapter 4: Types of Construction categorizes different construction methods and

materials, specifying the standards for each type to ensure structural integrity and safety.
It also addresses changes in construction types and their implications for compliance.
This chapter aims to guide builders, architects, and engineers in selecting appropriate
construction techniques that comply with the Code.

1. Classification of Construction Types

The chapter classifies construction into five main types, each defined by its
materials and fire-resistance characteristics:
• Type I: Fire-Resistive Construction - Buildings constructed with non-
combustible materials that provide a high level of fire resistance. This type is
typically used for high-rise buildings and structures requiring significant fire
safety measures.
• Type II: Non-Combustible Construction - Structures made of non-
combustible materials but with less stringent fire-resistance requirements than
Type I. This type is common for commercial and industrial buildings.
 • Type III: Ordinary Construction - Buildings that use a combination of
combustible and non-combustible materials. This type is often seen in
residential and low-rise commercial buildings.

• Type IV: Heavy Timber Construction - Structures that utilize heavy timber as
a primary material, providing a degree of fire resistance while allowing for
aesthetic and structural benefits. This type is often used in warehouses and
certain commercial buildings.

• Type V: Wood-Frame Construction - The most common type of construction

in residential buildings, characterized by the use of wood framing. This type has
the least fire resistance and is subject to specific regulations to mitigate fire
hazards.

2. Standards and Regulations

Each construction type is subject to specific standards regarding:

• Materials: The chapter specifies acceptable materials for each construction

type, ensuring that they meet safety and performance criteria.

• Structural Integrity: Guidelines are provided to ensure that buildings can

withstand various loads and environmental conditions, including wind, seismic
activity, and other forces.

• Fire Safety: The chapter outlines fire safety measures, including the use of fire-
resistant materials, fire separation distances, and the installation of fire
protection systems.

3. Changes in Construction Types

The chapter addresses the implications of changing construction types during
a project. If a builder decides to alter the construction type after the initial permit has
been issued, they must ensure that the new type complies with the NBCP and may
need to submit revised plans for approval.

4. Compliance and Enforcement

Local building officials are responsible for ensuring that construction adheres
to the specified type and associated regulations. Inspections are conducted to verify
compliance with the standards set forth in the NBCP.
 5. Public Safety and Welfare

The overarching goal of Chapter 4 is to promote public safety and welfare by

ensuring that buildings are constructed using appropriate materials and methods. By
categorizing construction types and establishing clear standards, the chapter aims to
minimize risks associated with structural failures and fire hazards.

Chapter 5: Requirements of Fire Zones outlines regulations for fire safety in buildings,
including the designation of fire zones, construction materials, and safety measures to
minimize fire hazards and protect occupants. This chapter is crucial for ensuring fire
safety in buildings and structures, particularly in areas designated as high-risk for fire
hazards. It outlines the standards for construction materials, safety measures, and
compliance requirements to minimize fire risks and protect occupants.

1. Fire Zone Designation

The chapter begins by defining fire zones, which are specific areas identified
based on their susceptibility to fire hazards. These designations are determined by
local government units (LGUs) and are influenced by factors such as building density,
types of construction, and proximity to fire services.

2. Construction Materials

Chapter 5 specifies the types of materials that can be used in buildings located
within designated fire zones. Key points include:
• Fire-Resistant Materials: Buildings in fire zones must utilize materials that meet
specific fire-resistance ratings to reduce the risk of fire spread.
• Prohibited Materials: Certain combustible materials may be restricted or
prohibited in fire zones to enhance safety.

3. Safety Measures
The chapter outlines various safety measures that must be implemented in
buildings located in fire zones, including:

• Fire Exits: Adequate and accessible fire exits must be provided to ensure safe
evacuation during a fire emergency.
 • Fire Alarms and Detection Systems: Installation of fire alarm systems and smoke
detectors is mandated to provide early warning in case of fire.

• Fire Suppression Systems: Buildings may be required to have fire suppression

systems, such as sprinklers, to control or extinguish fires.
4. Separation Distances

Chapter 5 establishes guidelines for separation distances between buildings to

prevent the spread of fire. These distances vary based on the type of construction and
the fire zone designation, ensuring that buildings are adequately spaced to minimize
fire risk.

5. Compliance and Enforcement

Local building officials are responsible for enforcing the fire safety regulations
outlined in this chapter. Inspections are conducted to ensure that buildings comply with
the fire zone requirements, and non-compliance can result in penalties or the issuance
of stop-work orders.

6. Public Awareness and Education

The chapter emphasizes the importance of public awareness regarding fire

safety in designated fire zones. Local governments are encouraged to conduct
educational campaigns to inform the public about fire hazards and safety measures.

This summary encapsulates the key elements of the specified chapters,

emphasizing the importance of adherence to the National Building Code for safe and
compliant construction practices in the Philippines.