TENSE SORUSU ÇÖZÜM TEKNİKLERİ

Tense sorularını çözerken seçeneklere inmeden önce sorunun içerisinde

zaman zarfı ya da zaman bağlacı aramak cevabı bulma konusunda
epeyce yardımcı olacaktır.

1- ZAMAN ZARFINA GÖRE SORU ÇÖZÜMÜ

SİMPLE PRESENT (V1)

Tek eylem bildirmezler, daha geneldirller.

Every, once/twice a day/a week, normally, as a rule, generally, ingeneral,

nowadays gibi sözcüklerle yaygın olarak kullanılır.

SİMPLE PAST (V2)

Last year/week, ten years ago, in 1780, in the 16th century, in ancient
times, yesterday gibi tarih bildiren cümlelerde kullanılır.

CONTINUOUS PRESENT (am/is/are Ving)

Bir eylemin şu anda devam ettiğini belirten now, at the moment, for the
time being gibi yapılar, look, listen gibi fiiller ve eylemin bu
dönemlerde yapılmakta olduğunu bildiren nowadays, these days gibi
zarflarla kullanılır. Ayrıca gelecek bildiren zarflarla da kullanılabilir.

CONTINUOUS PAST ( was/were Ving)

Geçmişte belli bir zamanda bir süre devam eden olayları bildiren,
Simple past ile kullanılan yapılardan daha kısa süren at this time
yesterday, at three o’clock yesterday, at that moment gibi zarflarla
kullanılır.

PRESENT PERFECT (Have/has V3)

Recently, lately, so far, up to now, until now, the last/past
year/week, this is the first / second time, in my life, throughout
history, for three hours now, since/from the moment he came gibi
bitmemiş zaman dilimlerinde ve geçmişte tamamlanmasına ragmen
günümüzü etkileyen tüm bitmiş eylemlerde kullanılır.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Have/has beenVing)

Geçmişte başlayan bir eylemin hala devam etmekte olduğunu belirtmek

istediğimiz durumlarda yukarıdaki zarfların tümüyle bu yapıda
kullanılabilir.

PAST PERFECT (Had V3)

Bir eylemin geçmişte verilen belli bir zamanın öncesinde yapılmış olduğunu
belirten when you came, before you came, by the time youcame, by that
time, before that time gibi yapılrla kullanılır.

PAST PERF CONT (Had been Ving)

Bu eylemin geçmişte verilen belli bir zamana kadar devam ettiğini

belirtmek istediğimiz durumlarda yukarıdaki zarfların tümüyle bu yapıda
kullanılabilir.

FUTURE TENSES ( will/may/ V / be Ving / have V3)

Eylemin oluş şekline göre tomorrow(simple),at this time tomorrow

(continuous), by this time tomorrow(perfect), when she comes,
next, soon, in two weeks gibi yapılarla kullanılabilir.
HIGHLIGHTED TEST ON TIME ADVERBS

1. The number of foreign students ---- at Canadian universities ---- fast

over the last decade.

A) having studied / had been increasing

B) studying / has been increasing
C) to study / was increasing
D) to have studied / had increased
E) to be studying / is increasing

2. For a long time now, Asia’s emerging economies---- the world’s most
dynamic, with GDP ---- at an annual rate of 7.5%.

A) were / to have grown

B) would have been / having grown
C) have been / growing
D) would be / to be growing
E) are / to grow

3- Scientists fear that if we ---- to use our natural resources so unwisely,

we ---- them up completely by the end of this century.
A) have continued / have used
B) are continuing / are using
C) continued / had used
D) had continued / would have used
E) continue / will have used

4- At the end of 1998, Estonia ---- the strict citizenship requirements that
---- the country‘s Russian minority from gaining citizenship.
A) relaxes / kept
B) had relaxed / have kept
C) has relaxed / were keeping
D) relaxed / had kept
E) will relax / are keeping
5- When governments finally ---- measures to control the spread of
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in March 2003, the infection
----more than 580 lives in
29 countries.
A) had taken / has already cost
B) had taken / were already costing
C) were taking / are already costing
D) took / had already cost
E) were taken / already cost

6- Pirates ---- a threat since ancient times; in fact, even hundreds of years
ago, they ---- in the Mediterranean Sea in search of valuable cargo.
A) would have been / had sailed
B) had been / have been sailing
C) have been / were sailing
D) were / had been sailing
E) would be / have been sailing

7- The scientific method ---- mankind’s greatest means of discovery and

progress ever since it was formulated.
A) would have been
B) was
C) would be
D) had been
E) has been

8- It ---- that, by 2050, global life expectancy ---- by another ten years.
A) seemed / would have been increasing
B) seems / will have increased
C) has seemed / will be increasing
D) would seem / has increased
E) will seem / would increase
9- The nuclear accident that ---- at the Chernobyl reactor in April, 1986, --
-- to new fears about the safety of nuclear reactors.
A) has occurred / was to lead
B) would have occurred / led
C) occurred / has led
D) could occur / had led
E) had occurred / may have led

10- The new recordings of Corelli’s concertos ---- a welcome opportunity

to reflect on some of the changes in taste that ---- since 1989.
A) have offered / developed
B) offer / have developed
C) had offered / develop
D) offered / would develop
E) will offer / had developed

2- ZAMAN BAĞLACINA GÖRE ÇÖZÜM TEKNİĞİ

Zaman bağlacına bağlı cümlede will kullanılamaz.

Zaman bağlacına bağlı cümlede eylemin bitmesi gerektğini ya da bitmiş
olduğunu vurgulamak için simple tense ler yerine perfect tense ler
kullanılabilir.
Cümlelerde zaman uyumu olmalı (time agreement)

1- Bağlaç + any past + any past

When they came, we started to eat. (we started to eat together)
When they came, we were eating. (our action was in progress)
When they came, we had eaten. (they were late)

2- Bağlaç + simple present + any future

When she wakes up, we will eat. (we will eat together)
When she wakes up, we will be jogging. (our action will be in progress)
When she wakes up, we will have left home. (she will be late)

3- Bağlaç + simple prsnt+ simple present

When he goes, everyone cries. (whenever, every time)

WHILE
İki tarafta da perfect tense lerin hiç bir versiyonu kullanılamaz.

While + she ……., we ……..

Perfect / Perfect
WHEN

Ana cümlede present perfect olmaz.

When + she ….., we……..

comes / have eaten

AFTER / BEFORE / UNTIL

İki tarafta da continuous nadirdir.

After he …..., we …...

was talking / were playing

Ana cümlede present perfect olmaz.

Before we ……, they ……

learn / have prepared

AS SOON AS / ONCE

Bağlaçlı cümlede continuous yapılar elenir.

As soon as he ……… , he ……
was watching / realized

Ana cümlede hem continuous, hem de perfect yapılar elenir.

Once he …… , he ……
watched/was realizing
watched/had realized
watches/has been realizing

The moment/The minute/The instant/Immediately

JUST AS

Gerçekleşmemiş olaylar için kullanılır.

Her zaman Just as + he was Ving, he V2 formülü uygulanır.

Just as I was leaving home (I was planning to leave home)

I remembered to take my umbrella. (I couldn’t leave home)

JUST AS vs WHILE
While devam etmekte olan eylemler ile ilgilenirken, Just as asla
başlamayan, gerçekleşmemiş eylemler ile ilgilenir.

Ana cümlesi I saw a fly in the bowl. olan bir cümlede hangisi daha çok
disgusted olur?

While Ali was drinking the soup,

Just as Serra was drinking the soup,

BY THE TIME vs BY

By + isim ile kullanılırken, By the time + S+V+O (cümle) ile kullanılır.

1- By + past isim, past perfect

By June, they had hired another one.

2- By + future isim + future perfect

By 2025, we will have joined the EU.

JUNE= The time (when) he applied

2030= The time (when) I will graduate from the university.
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BY THE TIME vs UNTIL

Until ile ifade edilen durumlarsa eylem, konuşma anından verilen

zamana kadar sürer. Oysa By the time yapısında eylem, verilen zaman
gelmeden önce bitecektir ya da bitmiştir.

We will have lesson …. 30th July.

He will have died …. You come.

I had finished …. he came.

I studied …. he came

HIGHLIGHTED TEST ON TIME AGREEMENT

1- After the Germanic invasions, Celtic cultures, which in pre-Roman

times ---- most of Western Europe, ---- almost entirely to the British Isles.
A) had covered / were confined
B) have been covering / have been confined
C) had been covering / would be confined
D) have covered / could have been confined
E) were covering / had been confined

2- Often it is only when people ---- to do their job that they ---- our
attention.
A) fail / get
B) have failed / had got
C) failed / have got
D) will fail / are getting
E) will have failed / got

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3- Some Italian film-makers believe that once Americans ---- making films
in Rome again, local films ---- as well.
A) would start / had flourished
B) have started / will have flourished
C) will start / are flourishing
D) start / will flourish
E) started / would flourish

4- Imhotep, god of medicine, ---- as a mythological figure in the minds of

many scholars until the end of the 19th century, when it ---- that he was
a real historical personage.
A) existed / was established
B) has existed / has been established
C) had existed / was being established
D) will exist / will have been established
E) exists / had been established

5- Although human contamination of the Earth’s atmosphere ---- long

before the Industrial Revolution, air pollution ---- a major problem until
the 18th and 19th centuries.
A) has existed / would not be
B) would exist / had not been
C) exists / has not been
D) would have existed / would not have been
E) existed / was not

6- Though the scholars of the previous centuries ---- great contributions

to the study of economics, the birth of economics is often traced to the
year 1776, when the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith---- An Inquiry into
the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
A) made / had published
B) had made / published
C) were making / was publishing
D) have made / was published
E) have been made / has published

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7- He certainly ---- party members last weekend when he announced that

he ---- to regain his party chairmanship.
A) has shocked / had not sought
B) would have shocked / will not seek
C) had shocked / would not have sought
D) was to shock / is not seeking
E) shocked / would not seek

8- Evil ---- when good people allow bad things ----.

A) came / happened
B) comes / to happen
C) will come / will happen
D) may come / happening
E) had come / to have happened

9- Before he ---- in museums, he ---- law in hopes of becoming a specialist

in the legal aspects of antiquities.
A) will work / has studied
B) works / would study
C) worked / had studied
D) had worked / was studying
E) has worked / studied

10- It ---- until the 17th century that military leaders began to realize that
stress on soldiers ---- a profound influence on the success of military
operations.
A) had not been / is having
B) is not / has
C) was not / could have
D) has not been / had
E) may not be / must have

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TEST YOURSELF

1- Epidemiology, which ---- as a science until the19th century, is a branch

of medicine that investigates factors ---- to improved health, or the
occurrence of a disease in a
particular population.
A) could not have evolved / having contributed
B) had not evolved / to contribute
C) has not evolved / to have contributed
D) did not evolve / contributing
E) could not evolve / to be contributing

2- With few exceptions, most totalitarian governments ---- more liberal

since 1989 when the Berlin Wall ----.
A) became / falls
B) are becoming / would fall
C) were becoming / has fallen
D) had become / was falling
E) have become / fell

3- During pregnancy, lead ingested by the mother---- across the placenta,

---- severe damage on the developing foetal nervous system.
A) has moved / to have inflicted
B) moves / inflicting
C) had moved / having inflicted
D) would move / to be inflicted
E) moved / having been inflicted

4- Rockets ---- to have originated with the Chinese before the thirteenth
century, which is when they---- to appear in Europe.
A) may be believed / were beginning
B) could be believed / have begun
C) were believed / had begun
D) have been believed / could begin
E) are believed / began

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5- Scientists predict that should the current rate of deforestation in the

rainforests ----, a great many of the species they support ----completely
by the turn of the 22nd century.
A) continue / will have disappeared
B) is continued / will disappear
C) was continued / would disappear
D) had continued / would have disappeared
E) will continue / would have disappeared

6- It ---- true that property prices in Ireland and Spain ---- by 208 and 150
per cent, respectively, since 1997.
A) may be / would increase
B) has been / had increased
C) was / increased
D) could be / would have increased
E) is / have increased

7- The first evidence that there are genetic factors in smoking ---- in the
1950s from studies which ---- that identical twins tended to be more
similar in their choice to smoke or not than did fraternal twins.
A) could appear / would indicate
B) has appeared / had indicated
C) had appeared / have indicated
D) would appear / were indicating
E) appeared / indicated

8- Scientists in the seventeenth century ---- the universe as a gigantic

clockwork machine that ---- according to a few straightforward principles.
A) viewed / worked
B) had viewed / would work
C) have viewed / could have worked
D) would have viewed / had worked
E) may have viewed / had been working

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9- Modern humans, Homo sapiens, ---- in Africa around 200, 000 years
ago and by about 30, 000 years ago they ---- all other forms of early
humans, such as Neanderthals and Homo erectus.
A) have been evolving / replaced
B) would evolve / are replacing
C) were evolving / have replaced
D) evolved / had replaced
E) had evolved / had been replacing

10- The first English immigrants to what is now the United States ---- the
Atlantic long after colonies ---- in Mexico and South America.
A) would be crossing / must have established
B) had crossed / were established
C) will be crossing / have been established
D) cross / are established
E) crossed / had been established

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