COMPUTER NOTES

BAISC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

A computer is an electronic device that has devices to enter data,
store data and process raw facts and figures according to the given
instructions and give the desired result on an output device.
Data: Data refers to raw facts and figures. For example, 123,
“English”, etc.
Information : This refers to processed data. For example, total
marks and percentage of a student.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
A computer system comprises of hardware and software.
Computer hardware – Physical parts of a computer such as Input
devices, output devices, central processing unit and storage devices
are called computer hardware
Computer software – Software are the programs or applications
that run on computer. For example, MS Word, MS PowerPoint,
Operating systems, et
Computer hardware: The physical components of a computer
system are called hardware. A computer basically consists of
following physical components:
• Input unit
• Processing unit
• Storage unit
• Auxiliary storage
• Output unit
Input Devices : Input devices are used for entering data or
instructions into the compute. The Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer system.
Functions of Central Processing Unit are:
 It controls the sequence of operations within the computer
 It gives commands to other parts of the computer
 It controls the use of main memory for storing data and
instruction
CPU consists of the following main units:
• Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Main Memory Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU performs all the following
arithmetic operations: + (addition) -(subtraction) *(multiplication)
/(Division) ^(Exponent) The ALU also performs the following logical
operations: < (less than) <= (less than or equal to) >= (greater than
or equal to) <> (not equal to)
Control Unit: The control unit controls the flow of data from the
input devices to memory and from memory to output devices. It
does not process the data. When the processing begins, the first
instruction of the program is selected and fed into the control
section of the primary storage area. It is then interpreted there and
then the signals are sent to other components to perform the
necessary action.The next instruction, is then selected, interpreted,
and executed. This is continued till all the instructions are processed.
Registers: These are temporary storage areas found in CPU of
modern computers.
Software:Software is a set of computer programs that perform a
particular task. Following are the categories of software’s
System Software: System software is a set of one or more programs
designed to control the operation of a computer system. Operating
systems and language processors come under the category of
system Software. Operating System Operating system is a master
control program that runs the computer. When the computer is
switched on, operating system is the first program loaded into the
computer’s memory. Examples of operating system are Windows,
UNIX, MS-DOS, Mac OS, Solaris, etc.
Language Processors: A computer understands instructions in the
form of machine code, i.e., 0 and 1. The programs are written in
English like high level language called source code. The source code
must be converted into machine language in order to be executed.
The translator program that is used to convert source program
written in high level language to machine code is called language
processor. The program translated into machine code is called the
object program.
Language processor is of three types:
1. Assembler:- It is a program that translates an assembly language
program into machine language.
2. Compiler:-It is a program that translates a high-level language
program into machine language. For example C++ compiler.
3. Interpreter:-It is a program that translates a high-level language
into machine language program line by line. For example, Visual
basic Interpreter.
Application Software: Application software is a computer program
that is designed to perform a certain type of work. This type of
software pertains to one specific application. For example, software
written to calculate salary of the school employees cannot be used
to prepare school result. General purpose application software
includes word processing software, like, Microsoft Word.,
spreadsheet software, like, Microsoft Excel, etc. Specific Purpose
Application software: Specific purpose application software are the
softwares that perform a particular task. Examples of specific
purpose application software are Accounting management software,
Reservation system, Payroll system, etc.
Utility Program: A utility program is used to perform maintenance
work on a system or on the components of the computer. Examples
of Utility program are;- antivirus software, file management
programs, etc.
Antivirus software:- This program helps in detecting and removing
viruses. For example, Norton antivirus, McAffee virus scan, etc.
File management tools:-These tools help in storing, searching, and
sorting files and folders on the system. For example, Windows
Explorer.
Compression:- This program helps in compression of large files so
that they take less storage space. For example, WinZip.
Disk Management Tools:- These programs include:
 Disk Cleaner:-This utility scans for the files that have not been
used since long. These files may be occupying large amount of
space. It prompts the user to delete such files to create more disk
space.
 Disk Defragmenter:-It rearranges the files and free space on
the computer so that files are stored in contiguous and free space
is consolidated in one contiguous block. This speeds up the disk
access.
 Backup:- backup means making a duplicate of the files and data
stored on the computer. This program is used to take backup
copy of the data. In case the original data is lost, the backed up
data can be used .
Applications/Apps: software programs on a mobile device which
perform specific tasks
Attachment: adding a file to an e-mail
Barcode: a machine-readable code in the form of numbers and a
pattern of parallel lines of varying widths, printed on a
commodity and used especially for stock control
Bytes: a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on
as a unit, a byte is considered as a unit of memory size
Digital: the information that is stored on a computer is said to be
in a digital form
Drag: pull an icon or something on the screen with a mouse
E-Commerce: it is a process of buying and selling goods online
Email: a way of sending messages over the Internet
Ethernet: a system for connecting a number of computer systems
to form a local area network
File: a document on a computer. There are different types of files
Folder: a location on the computer. It may contain many files or
sub-folders
Gestures: the actions you do with your fingers to interact with a
touch screen
ICT: it is an abbreviation of Information and Communication
Technology
Internet Browser: it is a software which helps you search for
information online
Internet: a number of computers connected together to provide
information
Junk: the location for storing unwanted e-mail as determined by
a spam filter
Messaging: sending text, audio and video messages over an
Internet connection
Motherboard: a printed circuit board containing the principal
components of a computer or other device, with connectors for
other boards to be slotted into
Navigation: the action of moving around a website, the Internet,
etc. Operating/operate: control the functioning of (a machine,
process, or system)
Peripheral: a device that you are able to attach to and use with a
computer, though it does not form an integral part of it
Port: a socket in a computer network into which a device can be
plugged
Privacy: the state of being free from public attention
Reply to all: an option present when we want to reply to all the
recipients, if we choose Reply to all, the reply will be sent to all
the people the mail was sent to or received from.
Scanner: a device that scans documents and converts them into
digital data
Smartphone: a mobile device that is used to make calls, connect
to the Internet and run applications that do a variety of functions
Tablet: a mobile device like a smartphone but with a bigger size
Web Browser: a software used to browse information on WWW
using Internet
Web Page: it displays information in the form of text, graphics,
audio or video
Wi-Fi: a wireless connection to the Internet
World Wide Web (WWW): it is a collection of information
located on computers around the world
A. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of following is not a component of the Office Suite?
(a) Writer
(b) Impress
(c) Internet Explorer
(d) Base
2. The most widely used word processing software in late 1970s
was_____________________.
(a) Word Perfect
(b) Word
(c) Word Star
(d) Writer
3. We can change the mistakes noticed in which of the
following?
(a) Electronic typewriter
(b) Word processor software
(c) Simple typewriter
(d) Both (a) and (b)
4. Header and Footer is available in which of the following
menus?
(a) File Menu
(b) Insert Menu
(c) View Menu
(d) Edit Menu
5. To hide or view ruler we should go to which of the following
menus?
(a) Tools Menu
(b) Insert Menu
(c) View Menu
(d) Edit Menu
6. To check the grammar we should go to which of the following
menus?
(a) Tools Menu
(b) Insert Menu
(c) View Menu
(d) Edit Menu
7. To replace a word Bombay with Mumbai, we should go to
which of the following menus?
(a) Tools Menu
(b) Edit Menu
(c) View Menu
(d) Language Menu
8. To close an opened document, we should to go to which of
the following menus?
(a) File Menu
(b) Insert Menu
(c) View Menu
(d) Edit Menu
9. Which of the following is the default extension of the writer
file?
(a) .obt
(b) .doc
(c) .odt
(d) .docx
10. Which of the following technique selects a sentence in
Writer?
(a) Single click (Pressing left button of mouse)
(b) Double Click
(c) Triple Click
(d) None of the above
11. Which of the following is a shortcut key to Redo any
operation?
(a) CTRL + R
(b) CTRL + Y
(c) CTRL + X
(d) CTRL + Z
12. To find a word in a document we can use which of the
following function key?
(a) F5 key
(b) F8 key
(c) Fl key
(d) None of the above
13. Spellings are corrected automatically in Writer because of
which of the following features?
(a) Auto Text
(b) Auto Correct
(c) Auto Complete
(d) All of the above
14. The default table size is________________________.
(a) 1 column, 1 row
(b) 2 columns, 1 row
(c) 2 columns, 2 rows
(d) 1 column, 2 rows
15. What is the shape of the mouse pointer when drawing
atable?
(a) Pencil
(b) White pointing arrow
(c) Black pointing arrow
(d) Black plus
16. Which shortcut key is used for automatic spell checking?
(a) SHIFT + INSERT
(b) SHIFT + F7
(c) CTRL + INSERT
(d) TAB + INSERT
17. Which shortcut key is used to insert table?
(a) CTRL + F12
(b) ALT + DELETE
(c) CTRL + DELETE
(d) TAB + DELETE
18. Which of the following is not valid type of data source in
mail merge?
(a) Spreadsheet
(b) Text files
(c) MySQL
(d) CSV file
19. The default orientation of a page in Writer is_____________.
(a) portrait
(b) landscape
(c) book
(d) None of the above
20. Which of the following does not come under page
formatting?
(a) Setting margins
(b) Find and replace
(c) Setting header and footer
 (d) Page orientation
21. Saving an existing document with some other name using
the Save As option______________________.
(a) replaces the current document
(b) leaves the current document intact
(c) is not possible
(d) closes the document
22. Keyboard shortcut to italicise the selected text is
(a) Ctrl + U
(b) Shift + U
(c) Ctrl + I
(d) Shift + I
23. Which option should be used to type H2O, to get 2 at its proper
place?
(a) Bold
(b) Superscript
(c) Underline
(d) Subscript
24. What option should be used to to change the word ‘Books’ to
the word ‘Copies’ in a document?
(a) Find
(b) Find and Replace
(c) Spell check
(d) Spelling and grammar check
25. What is the option to print the document so that the height of
the page is less than its width?
(a) Landscape
(b) Portrait
(c) Indent
(d) Tab setting
B. Fill in the blanks
1. The submenu item with three dots ‘...’ just after the submenu
name, denote that it will open the ________________.
2. The submenu item with right hand side arrows ‘►’, means,
clicking on it will open _____________________.
3. Formatting Tool Bar contains various options for
_________________.
4. By pressing the Home key you jump to the ____________ and
by pressing the End key you jump to ______________.
5. After using the undo command, to go back again to the previous
position the, ________________ option or command is used.
6. Double click is used to select the _______________.
7. Headers appear at the _____________ and footers appear at the
_____________ of every page.
8. In the ______________ page orientation the height of the page
is less than its width.
9. The _________________ option is used to see how the
document will look like when it will be printed.
10. In mail merge the file holding the mailing addresses is called as
_____________.
C. State whether the following statements are True or
False
1. To open word processor ‘Window’ menu option is selected.
2. Current file name is shown in Status Bar.
3. Open icon for opening a file is part of Standard Tool Bar.
4. Format Menu contains the options that apply to the whole
document.
5. It is possible to open a MS-Word file in Libre Office-Writer.
6. We cannot open Libre Office-Writer file in MS-Word.
7. Writer does not permit to copy a selected text in to another
document.
8. It is possible to copy a selected text without using Menu options
and keyboard options.
9. To open the 'Find & Replace' dialog box, we have to go to
Format menu.
10. We can find all the cities included in a document using 'Find
and Replace' feature of Writer.
11. While typing if an incorrect spelling is detected a red line is
marked under it. After correcting it, the red line is converted into
green line.
12. The text written in Header and Footer is printed on each page
of the document.
13. The page number appears with gray background and is printed
with background.
14. Writer creates a table as wide as the page area.
15. A new column is created in table by pressing tab key.
16. Mail merge is used to prepare multiple copies of the same
document.
17. The Form Letter contains the variable information in mail
merge.
18. The portrait and landscape orientations are set in Paper option
under properties.
19. In Print Range by default current page is selected for printing.
20. By default the page size is A4
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