Day 4 > EWARSI Course 2 IPre Ada Testing FIP Headey Intemet Pooteco] Addressing > Ipet 2 1Pré Intesnet Pooteco| version + Cxtet] founder Pormats, 2 32-b't6 Song address > Bindwy > Represented Pn dotted olecimal townat eeer gt 46 divided Pato 4 octets eng each > Deciinag Ottet conteing @ bts om 2 Pee has Ave classes: 3 ta-decimak Oclass g > © -12% 0-4, WOCPIEDF @cwss 6 > 18-14) 8 © Clase C > 192-203 od © cuss 0 224-339 Ores € +4 ayo-ass 7 Tet Can be assigned rmomvatly oF dyncryically 42 a maching oreP on 3 ply sushi gow os “a biliGn LP addresces F242 billion 0000 000 2090000020000 8007 0000009 O PUPP ee 00000000. D000 0900. H0000000.00000000 = 9:9: 0-0 VU TP TP CEN PTET PEEP ED LE = assess rssacs csp seseeo 2 18 “¥ Subnet -Mask class Brassass 0 > /1f > 38-45 tong velue clas C9 ASS AE 25.04 Joy > 4 is wed do mask mehvexk and hat tb 4 an Pre address 334 Con be vepreserteel jn olotted -leciinal formed Or slash motehon © scanned with OKEN ScannerIPrt = addaess 3 media-tndependent Address > 9F allows Wh +o create metwotks and then bounctenies > Logical Addressing ~[Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: e10@ .... = Version: 4 @101 = Header Length: 20 bytes (5) entiated Services Field: @xee (DSCP: CS@, ECN: Not-ECT) . = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (@) ters 4:00 = Explicit Congestion Notification: Not ECN-Capable Transport (2) Total Length: 1095 Identification: @xb82e (47150) 192.168.1.4, Dst: 170.114.117.214 ~ 000... = Flags: xd Toaeopet profes] 0... .... = Reserved bit: Not set i 1... Don't fragment: Not set mralaretring . ses. = More fragments: Not set > Gos + ..8 0080 @800 0000 = Fragment Offset: 3 Ragmenten on Time to Live: 128 AiR af ons? pace Protocol: UDP (17) > povtoce Header Checksum: @x@000 [validation disabled] [Header checksum status: Unverified] ‘Source Address: 192.168.1.4 Destination Address: 170.114.117.211 Povtow) Header -> A protocol header, like an IP header, is a piece of information at the beginning of a packet that provides instructions for routing and delivering the packet to its destination -> The header's purpose is to help ensure that data travels correctly and efficiently across the internet. IPv4 Header -> Minimum size of IPvd header is 20 bytes -> Maximum size of IPv4 header is 60 bytes -> Header length of IPv4 is always carried inside an IP packet -> Length of IPv4 header will be changed if a machine is using IP option field © scanned with OKEN ScannerBits Header | Type ot Version Be Length | Service — (4 bits) | (8 bits) Identification (16 bits) oO mae te Time to live (8 bits) | Protocol (8 bits) Header checksum (16 bits) Barts Source IP Address (32 bits) 3a 44 Destination IF Address (32 bits) sabres Lom bits 4 (ost0 yen) Y © 280 Byres 4 Data 4 IPv4 Header DATA ENCAPSULATION AND DECAPSULATION Data Entapsulaby -), n tap Sulahon ® > Sender Machine Date — Decopsulahon 9 Recerwing machine O version Frei [0000] > hensth of version Feld is 4 bits > St Proicetes the Vertion 4 oD proteco) 73+ can be LPre or tPrs Det = 0100 £fr6= O10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner@® keades Length [0000] > 4-0Pts Long value > Gt speciFier tre Length % we IP header in sa-b/¢s words 7 IP? headey Length can be AO bytes +o bo bytes els Lob gis 000030” Jools 9 xt oe fai 1010 310 160 25) 001042 (on at) 2 : 2 mies ty Noo 2/2 = Fe ayy OT OD ay / “ee 010138 tho} 213 = = (oY cs ol CIBR, ny ais [11] = 1S¥e3> (000 38 mga bi 44), putes Lx itlerentrated Sence Code point @® wre fH swe Cros] /psce > 8-s8ts Long value ~ This ged 4 werd to perform merking ef an ap packet in order +40 poenirze At over anotes IP ack eth ~ This field @ wed +o Adjine pronty how tre pecwer bre [2 [e[eleTeTe} [eTeTofefe] TST 9] eee eee es Zoned 4 og Expert Dscr congerhion Precedene tL worhtaten 8 classes lo priority 64 tanking Explicit Congestion eoe Roubine ) values Notification (ECN) is an 00 / = Pronhy ‘optional feature in TCP/IP 0/07 Fmmedsale cso networks that marks packets ol) 3eiash T in congested network areas, 199 2 Flash override class Sefectos Seeaty esendere (o] 2 ritreak | | transmission rates, thus 11 > MreTnetwnie Coro} | aiding in congestion control. JIL 7 Nebvow contr High prigaty © scanned with OKEN Scanner@ Tore Length gb = 65836 Byrer 3 Ib-bits Hong value > OF spec'Fen fhe entire packet sire, tnefaoling te If header ond date, Pr bytes > The recuivity machine will execute tre Rengin *f EP header fm the fottl Lensty cmd vemodniry peg laced wit) be given +o He encapsulated proto! Fyn tas Lora [au °F = * pity lola ) JEArahe ee] FB Byte fe Wet 0 fy] 28 byte IP Reader] 30 Gates 128 Bytes t ee] ast g Bgts > relent Frcahon > Flags aia Fragmentehion > Fragment OPfset TP m7U d .. Maximum Transmission Unit The standard MTU size for > ocak rota tae iru} ete nam Ethernet networks is 1500 size of a data packet that can be transmitted in a single aan ; natwork layer transaction. It's measured in bytes, where bytes, which is the maximum one byte is equal to eight bits of information amount of data that can be transmitted in a single frame. => A cisco router cannot forward an IP packet having total + ua peice length more than 1500 bytes at once > By default, MTU is 1500 bytes. hand, can range in size from 9000 to 9216 bytes, depending cane oie Wan IP packet on the specific implementation. © scanned with OKEN Scanner3 | versvon | needer fers | Type seme | torer ener dent Acaton [Flags fragment ofpet _) By depaull, most of tre cfevice 3ufPMId | Svo By pes + miTU % if tne value fo fetal Lensin Feld! i P heodler Xs more than the MTV, the router wl perforn &agmenmbon [EemP ear] 1078] 30113) (SPO [ao byd 150087 g0 6 roe ‘eve Bytes ayies Fiags3 3 © b0 wot Fragment Re More Fragmene CMF, ® reserved wr?) Lf 30113, D Or ott o 2 12 on ° > Lemp ecore, = 10#-a] 39413) (S00 if DF-oi+ ~& OFF, OF Means Baymentah'on 24 ollowed Etones Header PE Op-oif ~B On, OF mens Ragmenpahion 4 It alowed ¥ The router Will Regment the Pryloool only, not fre Ip hea dey © scanned with OKEN Scannerfave Autres 14 Brebo - bgies mere ay } iP Pacwer qe agies [rane teek[ a JoTeT) Lo ig Sw Sant beets orere a] “oe b stint! i Me © 30113 [remPeaore] lota] 30113) (S00 roa ir Pacer lemoner wesder] Ra) (*) (i aC) Hello, How ae gous PPAF Treiie, Hoe * tdentArath en > The identfrrahon pel fn An IP header id @ /667 tr value used to vmguely fdenty brrgment % AU orspnat IP pockets por ree ssembly ot ne oles nahon 2 A Ragments of a same IP pacwers cutl/ be marked joenbFicahen velit wrt, same * Flags > More- Fragment (e] 3 The MF bias 4s & 1-bFt fielol osed to trilfeafe whether a packet Nas been fresmented anol whet anort Feeements Ane expec teal 2 Flag, States © Me=4 > This Phdicotes tat more Peegments Qu on the way @ Me+0 9 This fndtater that this ts the fost fragment, -meaming thee an oo more Pagments expected for thy P pacwer > 80 Mot Fraament LoF] >This bit A& Used +o Mscoves tHe Lowest MTU Pn @ foansit Poth PIF DEbt & 0, Paamenihen is oljowed rf ¢ 6 4) Feagmenvahen is mor Allowed TIF bebe 4 4, © scanned with OKEN Scanner-> Path MTU Discovery is a standardized technique in computer networking for determining the maximum transmission unit size on the network path between two Internet Protocol hosts, usually with the goal of avoiding IP fragmentation. PMTUD was originally intended for routers in Internet Protocol Version 4. >If the sending computer has not set the DF (Don’t Fragment) bit, then the traffic will be fragmented. Path MTU Discovery ~ If the DF (Don't Fragment) bit is set the network device will send an ICMP packet back to the sending computer stating its MTU size. mv jotal Lensth= Iso bytes Etremnet 2 fo MOPS WP henety ? Fastethonet 3 ep mops Gigabit Ethene! 3 love mbar Pigicat 10 Grgabt Gtrernek. -» 10,000 Mbps wedig “40 G ige6it Enearct 4a 000 MEPs > Pandwidh> High Postbie ate of clei Awanamisvion mega bis per second ~ speed> Actual sate of olapa enamrsron shaximam time depen vy a paawet to weech GMM Ont end to anon ond 3 belay i @ (able poarethune+ loo Mops > ao mbps & Rragment offset 2 13-bts Long value > Dis Feld is wed to spectty the postion % @ particular, Forgment elaine to the beginning OF the Ong nal onkergmented pacwer > Thu weaving machine can Place We olata f9 wght order Using tre fpryment 4hser bretd © scanned with OKEN Scanner