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Road Traffic Accident Lecture

The document discusses Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), defining it as injuries resulting from collisions on public roads, with over 1.2 million fatalities globally each year. It highlights the significant causes, impacts, and prevention measures related to RTAs, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where the death rate is notably high. The document emphasizes the need for community awareness, improved road safety measures, and stricter enforcement of traffic regulations to mitigate the consequences of RTAs.

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4 views

Road Traffic Accident Lecture

The document discusses Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), defining it as injuries resulting from collisions on public roads, with over 1.2 million fatalities globally each year. It highlights the significant causes, impacts, and prevention measures related to RTAs, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where the death rate is notably high. The document emphasizes the need for community awareness, improved road safety measures, and stricter enforcement of traffic regulations to mitigate the consequences of RTAs.

Uploaded by

yijop63795
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Road Traffic Accident (RTA)

Family & Community Medicine


Department
Unaizah College of Medicine
Qassim University

Dr. Mohammed Ahmed Elmuttalut


Learning outcomes
By the end of this session student will be able to:
•Define RTA
•Identify causes and risk factors of RTA.
•Identify the magnitude of RTA consequences.
•Discuss the impacts of RTA.
•Recommend appropriate prevention measures
RTA definition by WHO

• A road traffic injury is a fatal or non-fatal injury


incurred as a result of a collision on a public road
involving at least one moving vehicle .
Road Traffic Accident Statistics

- More than 1.2 million people are killed in Road


Accidents, worldwide , every year.

- 3 to 4 % of Gross National Product Is lost in


Road Accidents.
Worldwide toll of road accidents:
( Statistics by World Bank &
WHO
- 1.2 million people killed each)year i.e. around
3,000 deaths daily, 500 of them children.

- 50 million people are injured in road crashes each


year, 15 million seriously.
WHO report:
-1.24 million people were killed on the road,
50 - million people were injured worldwide.
Worldwide annual death toll
..!!
Total worldwide annual death toll of Road
Accidents is 12,00,000 !!!
A study conducted in 2012 shows 600,000
crashes recorded in the Kingdom, resulting in the
death of around 7638
Death Rate Per 100,000

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
IRAN IRAQ LIBYA OMAN YEMAN SAUD
I
Saudi arabia one of the highest rate of death due to RTA with rate of ARAB
25.33
per IA
100.000 of the whole population.
Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities, while road
traffic fatalities do not exceed 1.7 % in Australia,
United Kingdom (UK(.
•Saudi Arabia was found to have higher
number of deaths from RTAs (accident to
death ratio is 32:1 versus 283:1 in USA
Experts predict that if the current rate of traffic
accidents continue, the Kingdom may have four
million traffic accidents a year by 2030
Causes of RTA in Saudi Arabia

Driver Road Car


Distracted
Driving
-Excessive
speed
Most of the reviewed studies
reported excess speed as the major
cause of RTAs, accounting for
43.1% in 2010
Violation of
signals at
intersections
Fatigu
Wrong side
e
Improper Break
Turns suddenly
Bad habits and careless driving Teenage Drivers
Not use seat belt Poor eyesight
Presence of alcohol Hypoglycemi
and other drugs a
A large increase in the number of vehicles and expansion of road
networks within and between cities
animal
crossing
darkness Fo
rain driving g

bad weather
Deadly Potholes
Curves
Tire
Leakage of fluid and
impacts of RTA
impacts of RTA :

1. Morbidity and mortality.


2. Social and economic
impact.
3. Psychological impact .
4. Health impact.
5. Environmental impact
Morbidity and mortality

-Injuries are usually multisystem


•Head injury :
most common cause of death after trauma is severe brain
injury .
•Splenic injury :
The most commonly injury in intra-abdominal organs .
•Spinal injury .
•Blunt cervical vascular injury .
•Thoracic injury .
•Bone injury : most common in lower extremities .
Cont…

• Aortic injury .
• Blunt cardiac injury .
• Blunt tracheo-bronchial
injury .
• Diaphragmatic injury .
• Abdominal injury .
• Hepatic injury .
• Pelvic injury .
WHO predicts that road traffic injuries will rise
to eighth place by 2030 as a cause of death
2002 2030
Disease or injury Disease or
injury
1. Ischaemic heart 1. Ischaemic heart disease
disease
2. Cerebrovascular disease
2. Cerebrovascular
disease 3. HIV/AIDS

3. Lower respiratory 4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary


infections disease
1. Chronic 5. Lower respiratory infections
obstructive
4. HIV/AIDS
pulmonary disease
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Perinatal
conditions 2. Trachea, bronchus, lung
cancers
3. Diarrhoeal 8. Road traffic injuries
diseases
9 . Trachea, bronchus,
4. lung Tuberculosis 1. Tuberculosis
cancers
10. Road traffic injuries 2. Perinatal
conditions
SAUDI ARABIA TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATHAGE-
STANDARDIZED DEATH RATE PER 100000
POPULATION WHO in 2014
TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATH rate
1-- Coronary heart disease 165.67
2-- stroke 126.77
3-- influenza and pneumonia 44.89
4-- diabetes mellitus 35.61
5- - kidney disease 32.09
6-- Road traffic accident 25.33
7-- Hypertension 22.36
8-- lung disease 11.00
9- - inflammatory heart 9.61
10-- breast cancer 8.54

SAUDI ARABIA TOTAL DEATH CAUSE BY RTA around


5,247 (6.53%)
Social and economic impacts

• Cost of damage .
• loss of income due to disability .
• loss of main breadwinner .
• Legal consequences .
• Medical and rehabilitation costs .
The costs of road traffic injuries are
enormous
Region GNP 1997 Estimated annual crash
(US $ billion)
Costs
(US $ billion)
Africa 370 3.7
Asia 4542 24.5
Latin America and Caribbean 8901 18.9
Middle East 495 7.4
Central and Eastern Europe 659 9.9
Subtotal 6155 64.5
Highly motorized countries 66522 453,3
Total 517,8

•The average estimated cost of accidents in Saudi Arabia every


year around 21 billion SR .
Psychological impacts

• Emotional disorders .
• Post-traumatic stress disorder .
• Depression .
• Anxiety .
Health impacts.

• Most of occupancy in surgical ward .


• Impaired physical activity for long period .
• Permanent disfigurement and cosmetic problems .
Environmental impact

• Effect on transport system .


• Effect on productivity.
• Effect on community and nature .
Prevention of RTA – General

- Raise awareness of the community

- Training the communities in first response care

46
Prevention of RTA –
General
Establish road safety committee:
1. To supervise and evaluate program and strategies.

2. To conduct research to study the factors causing RTA.

47
Prevention of RTA – Specific

• Specific
• Roads:
• Establish cyclist, buses, and ambulance lanes
• Provide different kinds of transportation.

48
Prevention of RTA – Specific

• Increase pedestrian crossings (every 100m(

• Good distribution of Saher in highways

• Firm punishment for those who violate traffic rules

49
Prevention of RTA - Specific

• Drivers and passengers


• Seatbelt for the driver and passengers.
• Use baby seats .

50
Prevention of RTA –
Specific
• Don’t use phones (drivers).

• Regular Chick up of the car .

51
Prevention of RTA – Specific

• Cyclist:
• Enforcement of helmet use.

52
Any questions
References

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404474/
Saudi Med J. 2015; 36(4): 418–424
Public Health (2000) 114, 37±39
Thanks

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