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7.2 Time

Look what I can do!

I can convert between time intervals expressed as a decimal

and in mixed units.

Check your progress

1 Count the squares to estimate the area of these triangles.

A B

2 Measure the lengths of the sides of these rectangles to work out

the area of these triangles.
a b c

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7 Exploring measures

Continued
3 Harry is covering one of the triangular areas of his garden with grass seed.
Which is the smallest bag of seeds he can buy to cover the area?

GRASS
SEED
GRASS
GRASS SEED
GRASS SEED
SEED

A B C D
Covers Covers Covers Covers
10 m2 17 m2 20 m2 35 m2

grass
to be
sown here
house 5m
trees
and
flowers

7m
4 Write these times as hours and minutes.
a 3.5 hours b 14.1 hours c 9.25 hours
d 5.7 hours e 11.4 hours f 1.05 hours
5 5 groups wanted to use a basketball court. The court was open for 12 hours.
The groups shared the 12 hours between the groups equally.
How long did each group get on the court in hours?
How long did each group get on the court in hours and minutes?

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Project 4: Ordering times

Project 4
Ordering times
Put these lengths of time in order, from shortest to longest. You might like to use a
calculator to help you.

A second Time since you A thousand A decade

were born seconds
Time for light to
Time it takes you to
reach the Earth A minute 100 000 hours
eat a meal
from the Sun
Time it takes you to
1000 months A century A day
say the alphabet
Time since the last
A month 1000 days A fortnight
Olympic Games
Time it takes the Time since the
Moon to go once A year 5 000 000 minutes invention of the
around the Earth telephone

How did you choose what order to put them in?

Did you have to estimate any that you weren’t sure about?
How could you work out exactly how long each of these takes?
Did your partner put them in the same order as you, or did they
choose a different order? Why?

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8 Addition and
subtraction (2)
Getting started
1 What is the value of the digit 5 in 3.56?
2 Write this as a decimal number:
3 1
3 + 10 + +
100 10
3 Stefan is 1.4 metres tall. Yuri is 1.2 metres tall.
How much taller is Stefan than Yuri?
4 a What is the sum of 65.98 and 32.75?
b What is the difference between 54.31 and 46.76?
5 Calculate.
3 4 9 5 4 3
a + b – c –
5 5 8 8 5 10

1 2
6 Anita spent of her money on a dress and of her money on a coat.
6 3
What fraction of her money did she spend altogether?

We use addition and subtraction in many different situations.

Can you think of other situations where we

use addition and subtraction?

In this unit, you will learn more about

addition and subtraction, including
using fractions and decimals.

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8.1 Adding and subtracting decimal numbers

8.1 Adding and subtracting

decimal numbers
We are going to …
• compose, decompose and regroup decimals with up to 3 decimal places
• estimate, add and subtract numbers with the same or different
numbers of decimal places.

Usain Bolt broke the world record for the 100 metres
in 2009 by running it in 9.58 seconds.
The qualifying time for the 2020 Olympics
is 10.05 seconds.
What is the difference in these two times?
To work out this answer, you need to subtract.
In this section, you will learn more about adding
and subtracting decimals.

decimal place   trailing zero

Worked example 1

Jyoti buys two toy cars.

$4.49 $3.09

She pays with a $10 note.

How much change does she get?

Estimate: Estimate the answer.

4 + 3 = 7 and 10 – 7 = 3 so the answer Add 4.49 and 3.09 to get 7.58 then
will be close to $3. subtract 7.58 from 10.

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8 Addition and subtraction (2)

Continued

Method 1: Method 1 uses regrouping.

4.49 4 + 0.4 + 0.09 Write 10 as 9 + 0.9 + 0.10
+ 3.09 3 + 0.09

7 + 0.4 + 0.18 = 7.58

10.00 9 + 0.9 + 0.10

– 7.58 7 + 0.5 + 0.08

2+ 0.4 + 0.02 = 2.42

Method 2: Method 2 uses a compact method of

9 9 1 recording. Remember to use trailing
4 . 4 9 10 . 0 0 zeros so all numbers have the same
+ 3 . 0 9 – 7 . 5 8 number of decimal places.

7 . 5 8 2 . 4 2
1

Answer: Jyoti gets $2.42 change. Check your answer against the estimate.
Write the answer in dollars.

Exercise 8.1
1 Which of the following is equivalent to 6.075?
A 6 + 0.7 + 0.5 B 6 + 0.7 + 0.05
C 6 + 0.07 + 0.05 D 6 + 0.07 + 0.005
2 Write the missing numbers.
37.844 = 30 + 7 + + 0.04 +
3 Which two numbers have a total of 1?
0.80  0.08  0.88  0.02  0.12  0.22

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8.1 Adding and subtracting decimal numbers

4 Find the sum of all the numbers less than 5.5 in this list.
5.05   5.55   5.115   5.5   5.555
5 Calculate:
a 14.8 + 5.678 b 13.26 + 17.604 c 45.83 + 31.104
d 56.1 – 26.64 e 68.603 – 52.75 f 70.394 – 49.78
Did you remember to estimate? Explain to your partner how you
estimated and worked out the answers.
6 Ahmed calculates: 0.7 + 0.41 = 0.48
He has made a mistake. How can you help him avoid making the
same mistake again?
7 Calculate 1.4 + 2.56 – 3.789 Tip
8 Mike and Long dig up potatoes.
Always remember to estimate
Mike digs up 8.45 kilograms of potatoes. before you calculate.
Long digs up 10.5 kilograms of potatoes.
How many kilograms of potatoes do they dig up altogether?
9 Some children are collecting money for a charity.
Their target is $350. They have collected $158.73 so far.
How much more money do they need to reach their target?
10 Darius packs two suitcases to take on a plane.
One suitcase weighs 11.284 kg. The other weighs 8.65 kg.
Darius is allowed to take 20 kg of luggage on the plane.
How much are his suitcases under the 20 kg limit?

Look back at your work. Did you use the worked example
to help you? Did you find it helpful to discuss your answers
with your partner? How can you improve your work?

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8 Addition and subtraction (2)

Think like a mathematician

Arrange the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 to make two numbers with

3 decimal places.

• Find the sum closest to 4.

• Find the difference closest to 1.
You will show you are specialising when you find solutions to the problems.

Look what I can do!

I can compose, decompose and regroup decimals with up

to 3 decimal places.
I can estimate, add and subtract numbers with the same
or different numbers of decimal places.

8.2 Adding and subtracting

fractions
We are going to …
• add and subtract two fractions with different denominators.

Two pizzas of equal size are delivered to a family.

The cheese and tomato pizza is divided into 8 pieces.

common denominator
denominator

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8.2 Adding and subtracting fractions

The special pizza is divided into 5 pieces.

Tarik eats 3 pieces of the cheese and tomato pizza and one piece of
the special pizza. What fraction of a whole pizza does Tarik eat?
We can use fractions to work this out.
In this unit, you will learn how to add and subtract fractions with
different denominators.

Worked example 2
9 3
Calculate +
5 4

Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20 … Find a common denominator by looking

Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 … at multiples of 5 and 4

9 36 9 3
= Change and to equivalent fractions
5 20 5 4
with a denominator of 20.
3 15
=
4 20
9 3 15 36 Add the numerators.
+ = +
5 4 20 20

=
51 Simplify if possible.
20
Change improper fractions to mixed
11
=2 numbers.
20

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8 Addition and subtraction (2)

Exercise 8.2
1 Copy and complete the table.

Calculation Common denominator Equivalent calculation Answer

1 1
+
3 6

7 1
–
10 2

6 1
+
5 2

2 Calculate.
3 2 5 1 7 3
a + b – c +
4 5 8 3 8 5

3 Find the missing fractions.

7 4 2 13
– = + =
4 5 3 4
Check your answers to questions 2 and 3 with your partner.
2 3
4 Chipo and Leke work out the answer to +
3 5
19
Chipo says the answer is .
15
4
Leke says the answer is 1 .
15
Who do you agree with? Explain your answer.
5 Calculate.
3 4 11 5 9 2
a + b – c +
2 5 4 3 8 3
6 Calculate.
5 3 11 5 8 4
a – b – c –
2 5 4 3 3 5

1 1
7 Leroy colours and of a circle.
4 6
What fraction of the circle does he leave white? 1
6
1
4

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