BREEDING TECHNIQUES OF

ROSE
Submitted To
Krishna S Tomar

Submitted By
1. Krishna ( ID NO : 1180)
2. Sanjeev Kumar Yadav ( ID NO : 1181)
 BREEDING TECHNIQUES OF ROSE

1. Introduction

2. Natural Crossing and Selection

3. Hybridization Breeding

4. Mutation Breeding

6. Genetic Engineering Breeding

 In tro d u ctio n

Several species and commercial varieties of Hybrid Tea, Floribunda,

Polyantha, Miniature, and Climbing roses have been introduced from
several countries through NBPGR, New Delhi.
Important varieties/species of roses introduced from various countries
S.N Country Varieties/species
1. USA Torchy, Red Cushion, Yellow Cushion, Marie Antonetta, First Prize,
Spotless Gold, Spotless Yellow, Spotless Pink, Sir Lancelot, Old
Time (HT), Bridal Pink (F1), Red Gold (F1), First Federal Gold (HT),
Golden Choice (HT), Brasilia (HT), Cathedral, Fleming Piece.
2. Netherland R. canica, R. inermis, R. multiflora, R. laxa, R. rubiginosa.
3. U.K R. gallica, R. foetida, R. spinosissima, R. rugosa, Starling Silver,
City of Belfast, Summer Holiday, Indian Chief, Beauty Secret, Dwarf
King, Abundance, Elizabeth Harkness, Tip Top.
4. Germany Proud Land, Tea Hybrid, Park Rose, R. trigonopetala
 Natural Crossing and Selection

 Roses in nature are cross pollinated by insects, especially

the bees.
 During the course of development, a huge amount of
heterozygosity and different ploidy levels have been
accumulated in roses.
 Seeds from naturally formed rose fruits may give a variable
progeny, especially in the modern varieties, possessing a
complex pedigree.
 Even without artificial crossing of hybridization, many new
forms may be obtained from the segregating populations.
 A large number of modern rose varieties have been
developed through selection.
 Important Varieties Developed Through Selection
S.No Varieties Parents Characters
Hybrid Teas
1. Dr. Homi Bhabha Virgo Very good white colored variety for
cut flower.
2. Poornima Fernald Arks Creamy yellow, extra large buds.
3. Divaswapna Sonia Silky pink & White, Highly fragrant.
4. Apsra Sonia Salmon color, vigorous, floriferous.
Floribunda
1. Rose Sherbet Guss-an-Teplitz Crimson, 0.0033% oil.
2. Shabnam Baby Sylvia White flower produced.
3. Sadabahar Frolic Deep pink, medium size flower,
tolerant to disease.
4 Pusa Barahmasi Sadabahar Deep pink standards flower in cluster.
5. Pusa Viragna Jantar Mantar Large, deep red flower in cluster of 6
to 12 , very good for garden.
 Important Varieties Developed Through Selection
S.N Varieties Parents Characters
Climbers
1. Delhi Pink Pearl Bud spots of Echo Pink flower in cluster thornless.
2. Delhi White Pearl Bud sport of Prosperity White flower in cluster.

1. Priti BS of Margo Koster Ball like soft pink flower.

2. Rashmi Sport Priti Globular & deep blackish crimson
flower.
3. Swati Winifred Counter Deep carmine pink buds, white
flowers with dark pink edge,
very floriferous.
Miniature
1. Delhi Startlet Goudvlinder Small deep yellow buds.
 Hyb rid iza tio n Breed in g

 Hybridization of different species has been

primarily responsible for the evolution of new
groups of roses.
 Interspecific hybridization has played an
important role in rose improvement.

When two species of the same

genus are crossed, it is known
as interspecific hybridization.
 1. Selection of parents

2. Evaluation of parents

3. Emasculation

Steps of
4. Bagging
Hybridization
5. Tagging

6. Pollination

7. Harvesting and Storage of F1

seed.
 1. Selection of parents

 The selection of parents mainly depends upon the

objectives of breeding programme.
 Besides the targeted breeding objective, increased yields
is always an objective of the breeder.

2. Evaluation of parents
 Generally a variety well adapted to a particular
area/location is selected for the hybridization.
 There is a possibility that the introduced variety
selected as a parent in the breeding programme may
be susceptible to the new races of the pathogen
occurring in the area, or even to new diseases present
in the area for which their reaction may not be known.
 3. Emasculation

 Emasculation should be done during the bud stage, just

before they open out. This should be done carefully with
a pair of finely pointed scissors or sharp knife, without
damaging the stigma and to avoid self fertilization.
 4. Bagging

 Bagging done immediately after emasculation to prevent

random cross-pollination.
 In cross pollinated crops, the male flowers are also
bagged to maintain the purity of pollen used for
pollination.
 The bags can be removed usually 2-3 days after
pollination after the danger of cross-pollination is over.
 5. Tagging

 The emasculated flowers are tagged just after bagging.

 The following information is recorded on the tags with a carbon pencil.
i. Date of emasculation,
ii. Date of pollination,
iii. Details of the cross i.e. names of the female and the male parents.
 6. Pollination

 The petals of male parent are removed and anthers are gently
rubbed on stigma of the female parent with the help of soft camel
brush.
 Pollen may also be applied with the help of fingers of soft brush.
 After crossing, a small polythene or butter paper bag is put over the
crossed flower to protect it from any further natural cross pollination
by insects.
 7. Harvesting and Storage of F1 Hybrids

 Rose fruits (hips) containing seeds, which takes

3-6 months to mature are harvested when they
turn brownish red.
Varieties developed at IARI, New Delhi

• 'Pusa Ajay' (Pink Parfait x Queen Elizabeth):- moderately

tolerant to powdery mildew and black spot is
• 'Pusa Mohit' (Suchitra x Christian Dior):- is found tolerant to
black spot
• 'Pusa Gaurav' (Pink Parfait x Arjun):- is tolerant to dieback and
black spot.
 Pusa Alpana
Year of Release : 2021
Characteristics :
• It is a Floribunda type variety of rose.
Flowers are compact, light pinkish in colour and have high
fragrance.
Directly propagated by semi hard wood cuttings.
Ideal for loose flower production and the fragrant flowers can
be used for garland preparation.
 Pusa Mahak
Year of Release : 2018
Characteristics :
• It belongs to Hybrid Tea variety of rose.
Flowers are dark pinkish in colour.
Outstanding fragranc.
Propagated by semi hard wood cutting.
Suitable for garden display and for floral arrangements.
 M u ta tio n Breed in g

 In Roses, the variations obtained through mutation can be

retained and multiplied by vegetatively.
 These were produced as a result of treating the buds with
X-rays, radio isotopes or various chemical mutagens.
 There are number of varieties, which have been evolved
through mutation.
Important mutants of rose developed in India
S.No: Mutants Parents Mutagen
Centre where released : IARI, New Delhi
1. 'Pusa Christina' Christian Dior Gamma rays
2. 'Abhisarika' Kiss of Fire Gamma rays
3. 'Madhosh' Gulzar EMS (0.25% for 8 hours)
 Important mutants of rose developed in India
S.No : Mutants Parents Mutagen
Centre where released : NBRI, Lucknow
1. 'Su Kumare' Queen Elizabeth Gamma rays (3 Kr)
2. 'Sa ro d a ' Queen Elizabeth Gamma rays
3. 'Sh a vd a ' Queen Elizabeth Gamma rays

4. 'M rin a lin i M rin a lin i H.T. Gamma rays

strip ed '
5. 'M rin a lin i lig h t M rin a lin i cv. Gamma rays
p in k m u ta n t'

• V a riety 'Pusa Tara': Sp o n ta n eo u s m u ta n t o f Co reo p sis

 Genetic Engineering in Rose

• In the past, roses were simply red, yellow or white. Blue roses could not
exist as rose plants are unable to produce blue pigments naturally
• By means of gene technology, this goal has been achieved.
• Designer cut flowers are being created with exceptional colours with
prolonged shelf life, with added fragrances or with built in frost
protection.
• After 13 years of joint research by Australian company Florigene and
Japanese company Suntory, a blue rose was created in 2004 using
genetic engineering.
• Years of research resulted in the ability to insert a gene for the plant
cloned from petunia and into an old garden Cardinal de Richelieu rose.
Th a n k yo u !