Name__________________________

AP Calculus BC Summer Review Packet (Limits & Derivatives)

Limits

1. Answer the following questions using the graph of ƒ(x) given below.

(a) Find ƒ(0) (b) Find ƒ(3)

(c) Find lim f ( x) (d) Find lim f ( x)

x 5 x 0

(e) Find lim f ( x) (f) Find lim f ( x)

x 3 x 3

(g) List all x-values for which ƒ(x) has a removable discontinuity. Explain what
section(s) of the definition of continuity is (are) violated at these points.
 (h) List all x-values for which ƒ(x) has a nonremovable discontinuity. Explain what
section(s) of the definition of continuity is (are) violated at these points.

In problems 2-10, find the limit (if it exists) using analytic methods (i.e. without using a
calculator).

3x 2  21x  30 1  cos 2 x
2. lim 3. lim
x 2 x3  8 x  /6 4x

4. lim
x  3 1
5. lim
1/ ( x  1)  1
x4 x4 x 0 x
 1/ 1  x   1 sin 6 3
6. lim   7. lim
x 0 x  0 7

sin 2 3t 2 6 x  36
8. lim 9. lim
t 0 t3 x 6 6 x

sin(( / 6)  x)  (1/ 2)

10. lim
x 0 x

Hint: sin(   )  sin  cos   cos  sin 

  2x 1  3
 ,x 0
11. Suppose f ( x)   x 1 .
 4 x2  k , x  0


(a) For what value of k will f be piecewise continuous at x = 0? Explain why this is
true using one-sided limits. (Hint: A function is continuous at

x =c if (1) f(c) exists, (2) lim f ( x) exists, and (3) lim f ( x)  f (c) .)
x c x c

(b) Using the value of k that you found in part (a), accurately graph f below.
Approximate the value of lim f ( x)
x 1

lim f ( x)  _______________
x 1

(c) Rationalize the numerator to find lim f ( x) analytically.

x 1
12. Analytically determine the values of b and c such that the function f is continuous on
the entire real number line. See the hint given in problem 11.

 x  1,1  x  3
f ( x)   2
 x  bx  c, x  1 or x  3

In problem 13, circle the correct answer and explain why the answer is the correct one.

13. If f ( x)  x3  x  3 , and if c is the only real number such that f(c) = 0, then by the
Intermediate Value Theorem, c is necessarily between

(A) -2 and -1

(B) -1 and 0

(C) 0 and 1

(D) 1 and 2

(E) 2 and 3

Hint: The Intermediate Value Theorem states that if f is a continuous function on the
interval [a, b] and k is any number between f(a) and f(b), then there must exist at least
one number c [a, b] such that f(c) = k.
Derivatives

In problems 1 & 2, find the derivative of the function by using the limit definition of the
derivative.

x 1
1. f ( x)  x 3  2 x  3 2. f ( x) 
x 1
In problems 3-14, find the derivative of the given function using the power, product,
quotient, and/or chain rules.

3. f ( x)  (3x2  7)( x 2  2 x  3) 4. f ( x)  x sin x

x2  x  1
5. f (t )  t 3 cos t 6. f ( x) 
x2 1

x4  x
7. f ( x)  8. f ( x)  3x 2 sec3 x
tan 2 x

 x5 
2

9. f ( x)  3x csc x  x cot x 10. f ( x)   2 

 x  6x 
11. f ( x)  ( x3  2)3 2 (5x2  1)5 2 12. f ( x)  x3 cot 4 (7 x)

13. f ( x)  5sin 2 ( 3 x 4  1)

Problems continue on the next page.

In problems 14 & 15, find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of f at the indicated
point P.

1  cos x   
f ( x)   x 2  1 , P(3, 4)
23
14. f ( x)  , P  ,1  15.
1  cos x  2 

In problems 16 & 17, find the second derivative of the given function.

16. f ( x)  (4 x2  3x)3 2 17. h( x)  x3 cos( x)

In problem 18, use the position function s(t )  16t 2  v0t  s0 for free-falling objects.

18. A ball is thrown straight down from the top of a 220-foot tall building with an initial
velocity of -22 feet per second.

(a) Determine the average velocity of the ball on the interval [1, 2].

(b) Determine the instantaneous velocity of the ball at t = 3.

(c) Determine the time t at which the average velocity on [0, 2] equals the
instantaneous velocity.

(d) What is the velocity of the ball when it strikes the ground?
In problem 19-24, circle the correct answer and explain why the answer is the correct one.

   
cos   h   cos  
19. lim 6  6
h 0 h

(A) Does not exist

1
(B)
2

1
(C) 
2

3
(D)
2

3
(E) 
2
20. Let f and g be differentiable functions with values for f(x), g(x), f’(x), and g’(x) shown
below for x = 1 and x = 2.

x f(x) g(x) f’(x) g’(x)

1 4 -4 12 -8
2 5 1 -6 4

Find the value of the derivative of f ( x)  g ( x) at x = 1.

(A) -96

(B) -80

(C) -48

(D) -32

(E) 0

3x 2  4, x  1
21. Let f ( x)   3 . Which of the following is true?
 x  3x, x  1

I. f(x) is continuous at x = 1

II. f(x) is differentiable at x = 1

III. lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)

x 1 x 1

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) II and III only

 kx  8
22. The equation of the line tangent to the curve f ( x)  at x = -2 is y = x + 4. What is
kx
the value of k?

(A) -3

(B) -1

(C) 1

(D) 3

(E) 4

23. An equation of the line normal to the curve y  3 x 2  1 at the point where x = 3 is

(A) y  12 x  38

(B) y  4 x  10

(C) y  2x  4

(D) y  2x  8

(E) y  2 x  4

Hint: A normal line to a curve at a point is perpendicular to the tangent line to the
curve at the same point.
24. If the nth derivative of y is denoted as y ( n ) and y   sin x , then y (14) is the same as

(A) y

dy
(B)
dx

d2y
(C)
dx 2

d3y
(D)
dx 3

(E) None of the above

 Answers

Limits:

1. (a) -1

(b) 2

(c) 0

(d) -1

(e) 1

(f) 

(g) x = -5, 5

(h) x = -3, 0, 3

2. 3/4

3. 3/(8π)

4. 1/2

5. -1

6. -1/2

7. 0

8. 0

9. 6

3
10.
2
11. (a) k  1  3

(b)  .577

1
(c)
3

12. b = -3, c = 4

13. D

Derivatives:

1. f ( x)  3x 2  2

2
2. f ( x) 
( x  1) 2

3. f ( x)  12 x3  18x 2  32 x 14

sin x
4. f ( x)  x cos x 
2 x

5. f (t )  t 3 sin t  3t 2 cos t

 x2 1
6. f ( x) 
( x 2  1)2

4 x3 tan x  tan x  2 x 4 sec2 x  2 x sec2 x

7. f ( x) 
tan 3 x

8. f ( x)  9 x2 sec3 x tan x  6 x sec3 x

9. f ( x)  3x csc x cot x  3csc x  x csc2 x  cot x

 (2 x  10)( x 2  10 x  30)
10. f ( x) 
( x 2  6 x)3

9 2
11. f ( x)  25 x(( x3  2)(5 x 2  1))3 2  x (5 x 2  1)5 2 ( x3  2)1 2
2

12. f ( x)  28x3 cot 3 (7 x) csc2 (7 x)  3x2 cot 4 (7 x)

60 x3 sin 3x 4  1cos 3x 4  1
13. f ( x) 
3x 4  1


14. y  1  2( x  )
2

15. y  4  2( x  3)

3(8 x  3)2
16. f ( x)  12 4 x3  3x 
4 4 x 2  3x

17. h( x)   2 x3 cos  x  6 x2 sin  x  6 x cos  x

18. (a) -70 ft./s.

(b) -118 ft./s.

(c) t = 1 s.

(d)  120.688 ft./s.

19. C

20. B

21. B

22. D

23. D

24. C