Revision sheet- Functions [1068 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 4] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.8

The intensity level of sound, L measured in decibels (dB), is a function of the sound intensity, S watts per
square metre (W m−2). The intensity level is given by the following formula.

L = 10 log 10 (S × 10
12
,
) S ≥ 0.

(a) An orchestra has a sound intensity of 6.4 × 10−3 W m−2 . Calculate the intensity level, L of the
orchestra. [2]

Markscheme

10 log
10
(6.4 × 10
−3
× 10
12
) (M1)

= 98.1(dB) (98.06179…) A1

[2 marks]

(b) A rock concert has an intensity level of 112 dB. Find the sound intensity, S . [2]

Markscheme

112 = 10 log
10
(S × 10
12
) (M1)

0.158 (W m−2) (0.158489… (W m−2)) A1

[2 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 8] SPM.1.AHL.TZ0.14
The graph of y = −x is transformed onto the graph of y =
3
33 − 0.08x
3
by a translation of a units
vertically and a stretch parallel to the x-axis of scale factor b.

(a.i) Write down the value of a. [1]

Markscheme

a = 33 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme

3
1

√ 0.08
= 2.32 M1A1

[2 marks]

(b) The outer dome of a large cathedral has the shape of a hemisphere of diameter 32
m, supported by vertical walls of height 17 m. It is also supported by an inner dome
which can be modelled by rotating the curve y = 33 − 0.08x through 360° about the y-
3

axis between y = 0 and y = 33, as indicated in the diagram.

Find the volume of the space between the two domes. [5]

Markscheme

volume within outer dome

 2

3
π + 16
3
+ π × 16
2
× 17 = 22 250.85 M1A1

volume within inner dome

2

33
M1A1
33−y 3

π∫ ( ) dy = 3446.92
0 0.08

volume between = 22 250.85 − 3446.92 = 18 803.93 m3 A1

[5 marks]

3. [Maximum mark: 3] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.b

Write down a sequence of transformations that will transform the graph of y = cos x onto the
graph of y = f (x). [3]

Markscheme

Vertical stretch, scale factor 3 A1

Horizontal stretch, scale factor 1

π
≈ 0. 318 A1

Horizontal translation of 1 unit to the right A1

Note: The vertical stretch can be at any position in the order of transformations. If the order of the final
two transformations are reversed the horizontal translation is π units to the right.

[3 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 12] EXN.2.SL.TZ0.3
The rate of change of the height (h) of a ball above horizontal ground, measured in metres, t seconds after it
has been thrown and until it hits the ground, can be modelled by the equation

dh
= 11. 4 − 9. 8t
dt

The height of the ball when t = 0 is 1. 2 m.

(a) Find an expression for the height h of the ball at time t. [6]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to aid teachers
in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be minor differences in
formatting compared to formal exam papers.

h = ∫ (11. 4 − 9. 8t)dt M1

h = 11. 4t − 4. 9t
2
(+c) A1A1

When t = 0, h = 1. 2 (M1)

c = 1. 2 (A1)

(h =)1. 2 + 11. 4t − 4. 9t
2
A1

[6 marks]

(b.i) Find the value of t at which the ball hits the ground. [2]

Markscheme

2. 43 (2. 42741 …) seconds (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Hence write down the domain of h. [1]

Markscheme

0 ≤ t ≤ 2. 43 A1
 Note: Accept 0 ≤ t < 2. 43 .

[1 mark]

(c) Find the range of h. [3]

Markscheme

Maximum value is 7. 83061 … (M1)

Range is 0 ≤ h ≤ 7. 83 A1A1

Note: Accept 0 ≤ h < 7. 83 .

[3 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.5
Line L is tangent to the graph of a function f (x) at the point P(3,
1 − 1) . Line L is given by the equation
2

y = −
1

2
x −
5

2
and is perpendicular to L . 1

(a) Write down the gradient of L . 1 [1]

Markscheme

2 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the equation of L in the form y 1 = mx + c . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute their part (a) and point (3, − 1) into the slope-intercept form or point-slope form
of an equation (M1)

−1 = 2 × 3 + c OR y + 1 = 2(x − 3)

y = 2x − 7 A1

Note: Equation must be in the form y = mx + c for A1 to be awarded.

[2 marks]

(c) Show that L is not the line that is normal to f (x) at point P.
2 [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to show that P does not lie on L 2 (M1)

e.g. − 1
2
(3) −
5
2
OR graph showing L and P in approximate correct locations
2

−1 ≠ −
1

2
(3) −
5

2
(−1 ≠ −4) OR (3, − 1) does not lie on the graph of L 2 R1

hence L is not the normal line to f (x) at point P

2 AG
METHOD 2

attempt to find the equation of the normal line at (3, − 1) (M1)

(−1 = −
1

2
(3) + c OR y + 1 = −
1

2
(x − 3) )

the normal line is y = −

1
2
x +
1
2
R1

hence L is not the normal line to f (x) at point P

2 AG

METHOD 3

attempt to find the intersection of L and L 1 2 (M1)

Intersection of y = 2x − 7 and y = −
1

2
x −
5

2
is (1. 8, − 3. 4)

x = 1. 8 ≠ 3 OR y = −3. 4 ≠ −1 R1

hence L is not the normal line to f (x) at point P

2 AG

Note: Accept equivalent written arguments provided values are seen.

Methods 1 and 2 are independent of the answers in (a) and (b) but FT marks can be given for Method 3.

[2 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.7
A rectangular box, with an open top, is to be constructed from a piece of cardboard that measures 48 cm by
30 cm.

Squares of equal size will be cut from the corners of the cardboard, as indicated by the shading in the
diagram. The sides will then be folded along the dotted lines to form the box.

diagram not to scale

The volume of the box, in cubic centimetres, can be modelled by the function
V (x) = (48 − 2x)(30 − 2x)(x), for 0 < x < k, where x is the length of the sides of the squares removed

in centimetres.

(a) Write down the maximum possible value of k in this context. [1]

Markscheme

(k =) 15 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the value of x that maximizes the volume of the box. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to sketch the function V (x) with indication of maximum (M1)

 OR

recognition of setting the derivative to 0 (M1)

e.g. V ′(x) = 0

THEN

(x =) 6 (cm) A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 for the maximum given as a coordinate pair.

[2 marks]

A second piece of 48 cm by 30 cm cardboard is damaged and a strip 2 cm wide must be removed from all
four sides. A box will then be constructed in a similar manner from the remaining cardboard.

(c) Calculate the maximum possible volume of the box made from the second piece of
cardboard. [3]

Markscheme

44 or 26 seen (A1)

attempting to adjust the constant(s) in the given volume formula (M1)

volume of second box = (44 − 2x)(26 − 2x)(x)

(New maximum volume =) 2730 cm

3 3
(2726. 13 … cm ) A1

Note: Units must be seen to award the final A1. Award (A1)(M1)A0 for the maximum given as a coordinate
pair.

[3 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 7] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.11
Consider f (x) = 3x
2
−
5

x
, x ≠ 0 . The graph of f for 0 < x ≤ 5 is shown on the following axes.

(a.i) Sketch the graph of f , for −5 ≤ x < 0 , on the same axes. [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct shape (curve must be smooth) in the second quadrant only, A1 for asymptotic
behaviour, A1 for minimum point in approximately correct position AND left-most point around
(−5, 76) (allow a tolerance of half a square for these two points).
 [3 marks]

(a.ii) Write down the x-coordinate of the local minimum point. [1]

Markscheme

−0. 941 (−0. 941035 …) A1

[1 mark]

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to find the solutions to the equation f (x) = 20 . [2]

Markscheme

−2. 45 (−2. 44651 …), − 0. 252 (−0. 252412), 2. 70 (2. 69892 …) A2

Note: Award A2 for all three correct, A1 for two correct and A0 otherwise.

Award at most A1 if additional solutions are seen.

Award A1A0 for a final answer given as coordinates (−2. 45, , ,

20) (−0. 252, 20) (2. 70, 20) or
(2. 7, 20).

Award A1A0 for three correct answers given in 2 sf.

[2 marks]

(c) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote for the graph of f . [1]

Markscheme

x = 0 A1

[1 mark]
8. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.15
The solid shown is formed by rotating the hexagon with vertices (2, , , , ,
1) (0, 1) (0, 5) (2, 5)

(4, 4) and (4, 2) about the y-axis.

Find the volume of this solid. [6]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 Using the volume formula

volume of a “full” or “half” cylinder (seen anywhere) (A1)

OR
4
π∫
2
2
4 d y, π×4 2
× 2, 32π (100. 53 …)

3
π∫
2
2
4 d y, π×4 2
× 1, 16 π (50. 265 …)

one correct equation for the diagonal lines (seen anywhere) (A1)

y =
1

2
x or y = 6 −
1

2
x

attempt to write one equation x in terms of y (M1)

x = 2y, x = 12 − 2y

EITHER (symmetry plus the volume of the “half” cylinder)

recognition of symmetry between y = 1 and y = 3 (M1)

(A1)
2 2 3
2 π(∫ 1
(2y) dy + ∫
2
4
2
d y)
OR (symmetry plus volume of the “full” cylinder)

recognition of symmetry between y = 1 and y = 2 (M1)

(A1)
2 2 4 2
2π(∫ (2y) d y) + ∫ 4 dy
1 2

OR (calculation of separate parts) (M1)

2 4 5
(A1)
2 2 2
π(∫ (2y) dy + ∫ 4 dy + ∫ (−2y + 12) d y)
1 2 4

THEN

(volume of the solid =) 159 (159. 174 … , 152π

3
) A1

METHOD 2 Geometric approach using cones and cylinders

volume of a cylinder (seen anywhere) (A1)

π × 4
2
× 2, 32π (100. 53 …) (a full cylinder) OR

π × 4
2
× 1, 16π (50. 265 …) (a half cylinder)

using volume of cone formula to find the volume of the truncated cone (M1)

correct expression to find the volume of the truncated cone (seen anywhere) (A1)

1 2 2
(π × 4 × 2 − π × 2 × 1)
3

attempt to find an expression for total volume using symmetry or individual parts (M1)

correct expression for total volume (A1)

2(
1

3
(π4
2
× 2 − π2
2
× 1) + π4
2
× 1) OR
1 2 2 2 1 2 2
(π4 × 2 − π2 × 1) + π4 × 2 + (π4 × 2 − π2 × 1)
3 3

(volume of the solid =) 159 (159. 174 … , 152π

3
) A1

Note: There are other valid approaches possible.

[6 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 9] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.10
A decorative hook can be modelled by the curve with equation y = f (x). The graph of y = f (x) is shown
and consists of a line segment from (0, 0) to (3, 3) and two sections formed by quadratic curves.

(a) Write down the equation of the line segment for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 . [1]

Markscheme

y = x A1

[1 mark]

The quadratic curve, with endpoints (−2, 0) and (0, 0) , has the same gradient at (0, 0) as the line
segment.

(b) Find the equation of the curve between (−2, 0) and (0, .
0) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

equation has the form y = ax

2
+ bx + c

when x = 0, y = 0 so c = 0

dy
= 2ax + b
dx

attempt to find the value of b by setting their derivative equal to 1 when x is 0 (M1)

2a(0) + b = 1

b = 1 (A1)
 when x = −2, y = 0

a =
1

2
(and hence y =
1

2
x
2
+ x ) A1

METHOD 2

equation has the form y = ax(x + 2) OR y = ax

2
+ 2ax A1

dy
= 2ax + 2a
dx

attempt to find the value of a by setting their derivative equal to 1 when x is 0 (M1)

a =
1

2
(and hence y =
1

2
x
2
+ x ) A1

Note: Writing y = x(x + 2) is incorrect and gains no marks.

[3 marks]

The second quadratic curve, with endpoints (3, 3) and (6, , has the same gradient at (3,
2) 3) as the line
segment.

(c) Find the equation of this curve. [4]

Markscheme

equation is y = ax
2
+ bx + c

finding an expression for with unknown coefficients (M1)

dy

dx

dy
= 2ax + b
dx

setting up two equations using two points AND/OR one equation using the

gradient function (M1)

three correct equations (A1)

9a + 3b + c = 3

36a + 6b + c = 2

6a + b = 1

a = −
4

9
, b =
11

3
, c = −4 (a = −0. 444444. . . , b = 3. 66666. . . , c = −4) A1
 f

⎜⎟ ⎪
(and hence y

[4 marks]

(d)

⎝
⎞

⎠
= ⎨
⎩
−
= −

9
x
2
4

Condone y in place of f (x).

x

+
2

Allow FT from parts (a), (b) and (c).

[1 mark]
+

11

3
11

Write down f as a piecewise function.

Markscheme

⎧
1
x
2
+ x
x − 4 )

,−2 ≤ x ≤ 0

, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3

x − 4, 3 < x ≤ 6

Note: Condone open or closed endpoints for all intervals.

A1
[1]
10. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.11
Two AC (alternating current) electrical sources of equal frequencies are combined.

The voltage of the first source is modelled by the equation V = 30 sin (t + 60°) .

The voltage of the second source is modelled by the equation V = 60 sin (t + 10°) .

(a) Determine the maximum voltage of the combined sources. [2]

Markscheme

30 sin (t + 60°) + 60 sin (t + 10°) (M1)

finding maximum graphically

82. 5 (V) (82. 5471 …) A1

Note: Award M1A0 for 83.

[2 marks]

(b) Using your graphic display calculator, find a suitable equation for the combined voltages,
giving your answer in the form V = V sin (at + b), where a, b and V are constants,
0 0

a > 0 and 0°≤ b ≤ 180°. [4]

Markscheme

recognizing that a is still 1 A1

V 0 = 82. 5 A1

attempt to find an x-intercept of combined voltage (M1)

b = 26. 2° (26. 1643 …°) OR any other correct x-intercept A1

Note: May be seen in the final answer. Award M1A0 for b = 26 with no working.

(V TOT = 82. 5 sin (t + 26. 2°) (82. 5471 … sin (t + 26. 1643 …°)))
Note: Award at most (M1)A1(A1)A0 if phase shift of −153. 835 … is seen in the final answer. In part (b),
candidates may use arg(30e + 60e ) to determine the new phase shift, and hence could be
60i 10i

awarded M1 for this valid method.

[4 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.11
Two AC (alternating current) electrical sources of equal frequencies are combined.

The voltage of the first source is modelled by the equation V = 30 sin (t + 60°) .

The voltage of the second source is modelled by the equation V = 60 sin (t + 10°) .

(a) Determine the maximum voltage of the combined sources. [2]

Markscheme

30 sin (t + 60°) + 60 sin (t + 10°) (M1)

finding maximum graphically

82. 5 (V) (82. 5471 …) A1

Note: Award M1A0 for 83.

[2 marks]

(b) Using your graphic display calculator, find a suitable equation for the combined voltages,
giving your answer in the form V = V sin (at + b), where a, b and V are constants,
0 0

a > 0 and 0°≤ b ≤ 180°. [4]

Markscheme

recognizing that a is still 1 A1

V 0 = 82. 5 A1

attempt to find an x-intercept of combined voltage (M1)

b = 26. 2° (26. 1643 …°) OR any other correct x-intercept A1

Note: May be seen in the final answer. Award M1A0 for b = 26 with no working.

(V TOT = 82. 5 sin (t + 26. 2°) (82. 5471 … sin (t + 26. 1643 …°)))
Note: Award at most (M1)A1(A1)A0 if phase shift of −153. 835 … is seen in the final answer. In part (b),
candidates may use arg(30e + 60e ) to determine the new phase shift, and hence could be
60i 10i

awarded M1 for this valid method.

[4 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 9] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.16
The following diagram shows parts of the curves of y and y .
√x
= cos x =
2

P is the point of intersection of the two curves.

(a) Use your graphic display calculator to find the coordinates of P. [2]

Markscheme

(1. 04, 0. 509) ((1. 03667. . . , 0. 509085. . . )) A1A1

[2 marks]

The shaded region is rotated 360° about the y-axis to form a volume of revolution V .

(b) Express V as the sum of two definite integrals. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to make x the subject for either function (M1)

2
x = 4y , x = cos
−1
y A1A1

attempt to use V = π ∫ x dy
2
(M1)

0.509085… 1
2 2
V = π ∫
2
(4y ) d y + π ∫ (cos
−1
y) d y A1
0 0.509085…
 [5 marks]

(c) Hence find the value of V . [2]

Markscheme

= 1. 15 (units3) A2

Note: Do not FT from part (b) to part (c).

Award A1 for 1. 1. with no previous working.

[2 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.1
The mean annual temperatures for Earth, recorded at fifty-year intervals, are shown in the table.

Year (x) 1708 1758 1808 1858 1908 1958 2008

Year °C (y) 8. 73 9. 22 9. 10 9. 12 9. 13 9. 45 9. 76

Tami creates a linear model for this data by finding the equation of the straight line passing through the
points with coordinates (1708, 8. 73) and (1958, 9. 45).

(a) Calculate the gradient of the straight line that passes through these two points. [2]

Markscheme

9.45−8.73

1958−1708
(M1)

= 0. 00288 (
9

3125
) A1

[2 marks]

(b.i) Interpret the meaning of the gradient in the context of the question. [1]

Markscheme

the (mean) yearly change in (mean annual) temperature A1

Note: Accept equivalent statements, e.g. “rate of change of temperature”.

[1 mark]

(b.ii) State appropriate units for the gradient. [1]

Markscheme

°C / year OR degrees C per year A1

Note: Do not follow through from part (b)(i) into (b)(ii).

 [1 mark]

(c) Find the equation of this line giving your answer in the form y = mx + c . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute point and gradient into appropriate formula (M1)

8. 73 = 0. 00288 × 1708 + c ⇒ c = 3. 81096 …

or

9. 45 = 0. 00288 × 1958 + c ⇒ c = 3. 81096 .

equation is y = 0. 00288x + 3. 81 A1

[2 marks]

(d) Use Tami’s model to estimate the mean annual temperature in the year 2000. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 2000 into their part (c) (M1)

0. 0028 × 2000 + 3. 81096 …

= 9. 57 (°C) (9. 57096 …) A1

[2 marks]

Thandizo uses linear regression to obtain a model for the data.

(e.i) Find the equation of the regression line y on x. [2]

Markscheme

y = 0. 00256x + 4. 46 (0. 00255714 … x + 4. 46454 …) (M1)A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 for answers that show the correct method, but are presented incorrectly (e.g. no “
y =” or truncated values etc.). Accept 4. 465 as the correct answer to 4 sf.
 [2 marks]

(e.ii) Find the value of r, the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. [1]

Markscheme

0. 861 (0. 861333 …) A1

[1 mark]

(f ) Use Thandizo’s model to estimate the mean annual temperature in the year 2000. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 2000 into their part (e)(i) (M1)

0. 00255714 × 2000 + 4. 46454 … .

= 9. 58 (°C) (9. 57882 … (°C)) A1

Note: Award A1 for 9. 57 from 0. 00255714 × 2000 + 4. 46.

[2 marks]

Thandizo uses his regression line to predict the year when the mean annual temperature will first exceed
15 °C.

(g) State two reasons why Thandizo’s prediction may not be valid. [2]

Markscheme

cannot (always reliably) make a prediction of x from a value of y, when using a y on x line / regression
line is not x on y A1

extrapolation A1

[2 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 16] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.2
Consider the function f (x) = 3x − 1 + 4x
−2
. Part of the graph of y = f (x) is shown below.

The function is defined for all values of x except for x = a .

(a) Write down the value of a. [1]

Markscheme

(a =) 0 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to find the coordinates of the local minimum. [2]

Markscheme

(1. 39, 5. 24) (1. 38672 … , 5. 24025 …) A1A1

 Note: Award A1 for each correct coordinate; do not accept 2 sf values. Award at most A0A1 if parentheses
are missing. Accept x = 1. 39, y = 5. 24.

[2 marks]

The equation f (x) = w , where w ∈ R, has three solutions.

(c) Identify one possible value for w. [1]

Markscheme

any value greater than 5. 24025 … A1

Note: Accept a specific value OR a description of the correct interval for all values.

[1 mark]

The line y = mx −
1

4
is tangent to f (x) when x = −4 .

(d) Write down whether the value of m is positive or negative. Justify your answer. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to relate gradient of function to graph of f R1

e.g. the function is increasing at x = −4

m > 0 A1

METHOD 2

attempt to find value of f ′(−4) R1

25
(= = 3. 125)
8

m > 0 A1
 Note: The A1 can only be awarded if the correct value off ′(−4) or m is found.

METHOD 3

attempt to substitute (−4, − 12. 75) into equation of tangent

−12. 75 = m(−4) −
1

4
so m = 3. 125 R1

m > 0 A1

Note: Do not award R0A1.

[2 marks]

A second function is given by g(x) = kp − 9, where p

x
> 0 . The graph of y = g(x) intersects the y-axis at
point A(0, − 5) and passes through point B(3, 4. 5).

(e) Find the value of

(e.i) k ; [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute (0, − 5) or (3, 4. 5) into g(x) (M1)

0
−5 = k × p − 9

(k =) 4 A1

[2 marks]

(e.ii) p. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute (3, 4. 5) and their part (e)(i) into g(x) (M1)

3
4. 5 = 4 × p − 9
 3
p = 3. 375

(p =) 1. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of y = g(x) . [2]

Markscheme

y = −9 A2

Note: Award A1 for −9 seen, A2 for a completely correct equation.

Condone g(x) = −9

[2 marks]

(g) Find the solution of f (x) = g(x) when x > 0 . [2]

Markscheme

(x =) 4 (M1)A1

Note: Award M1 for equating f (x) to their g(x)

Award (M1)A0 for the y-coordinate (11. 25) as the answer or part of the answer (e.g. coordinates).

Award (M1)A0 for an answer of (x =) − 2. 39421 …

[2 marks]

(h) State whether C also lies on the graph of h (x). Justify your answer. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1:

f (−1) = 0 ⇒ h(−1) = g(−1 ) (This justification could be graphical.) R1

yes A1

Note: Award R1 for any reasoning based on the fact that −1 is the x−intercept of f . Accept equivalent
arguments in words. Do not award R0A1.

METHOD 2:

19
g(−1) = − (−6. 33333. . . )
3

−2 x
h(x) = 3x − 1 + 4x + 4 × 1. 5 − 9

−2 −1
h(−1) = 3(−1) − 1 + 4(−1) + 4 × 1. 5 − 9

h(−1) = −
19

3
(−6. 33333. . . ) R1

yes A1

Note: Award R1 for showing that g(−1) = −

19

3
and h(−1) = −
19

3
. Do not award R0A1.

[2 marks]
15. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.3
The depth of water, w metres, in a particular harbour can be modelled by the function
w(t) = a cos (bt°) + d where t is the length of time, in minutes, after 06 : 00.

On 20 January, the first high tide occurs at 06 : 00, at which time the depth of water is 18 m. The following
low tide occurs at 12 : 15 when the depth of water is 4 m. This is shown in the diagram.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

18−4

2
(M1)

(a =) 7 A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the value of d. [2]

Markscheme

18+4

2
OR 18 − 7 OR 4 + 7 (M1)

(d =) 11 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the period of the function in minutes. [3]

 Markscheme

(time between high and low tide is) 6h15m OR 375 minutes (A1)

multiplying by 2 (M1)

750 minutes A1

[3 marks]

(d) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

360°

b
= 750 (A1)

OR

7 cos(b × 375) + 11 = 4 (A1)

THEN

(b =) 0. 48 A1

Note: Award A1A0 for an answer of 2π

750
(=
π

375
= 0. 00837758 …) .

[2 marks]

Naomi is sailing to the harbour on the morning of 20 January. Boats can enter or leave the harbour only
when the depth of water is at least 6 m.

(e) Find the latest time before 12 : 00 , to the nearest minute, that Naomi can enter the harbour. [4]

Markscheme

equating their cos function to 6 OR graphing their cos function and 6 (M1)

7 cos(0. 48t) + 11 = 6

⇒ t = 282. 468 … (minutes) (A1)

 = 4. 70780 … (hr) OR 4hr 42 mins (4hr 42. 4681 … mins) (A1)

so the time is 10 : 42 A1

[4 marks]

(f ) Find the length of time (in minutes) between 06 : 00 and 15 : 00 on 20 January during
which Naomi cannot enter or leave the harbour. [2]

Markscheme

next solution is t = 467. 531. . . (A1)

467. 531. . . − 282. 468. . .

185 (mins) (185. 063. . . ) A1

Note: Accept an (unsupported) answer of 186 (from correct 3 sf values for t)

[2 marks]
16. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ2.3
A scientist is conducting an experiment on the growth of a certain species of bacteria.

The population of the bacteria, P , can be modelled by the function

P (t) = 1200 × k
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since the experiment began, and k is a positive constant.

(a.i) Write down the value of P (0). [1]

Markscheme

1200 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Interpret what this value means in this context. [1]

Markscheme

the initial population of the bacteria A1

[1 mark]

3 hours after the experiment began, the population of the bacteria is 18 750.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × k
3
= 18750 (A1)

(k =) 2. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the population of the bacteria 1 hour and 30 minutes after the experiment began. [2]

Markscheme
 1200 × 2. 5
1.5
(A1)

4740 (4743. 41 …) A1

Note: Do not penalize if final answer is not given as an integer. Award (A1)A0 for an answer of
3950 (3949. 14 …) from use of 1. 3 in the exponent, but only if working is shown.

[2 marks]

The scientist conducts a second experiment with a different species of bacteria.

The population of this bacteria, S , can be modelled by the function

S(t) = 5000 × 1. 65
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since both experiments began.

(d) Find the value of t when the two populations of bacteria are equal. [2]

Markscheme

equating P (t) and S(t) OR equating each function to a common variable (M1)

1200 × 2. 5
t
= 5000 × 1. 65
t
; 1200 × 2. 5 t
= x and 5000 × 1. 65 t
= x

t = 3. 43 (hours) (3. 43456 …) A1

[2 marks]

It takes 2 hours and m minutes for the number of bacteria in the second experiment to reach 19 000.

(e) Find the value of m, giving your answer as an integer value. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

5000 × 1. 65
t
= 19000 (M1)

(t =) 2. 66586 … OR (t − 2 =) 0. 66586 … (seen) (A1)

 multiplying by 60 seen to convert to minutes (M1)
(m = 39. 9521 …)

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

METHOD 2

equating an expression for S(t) to 19000 (M1)

expressing t as 2 + m

60
(A1)
m
2+
5000 × 1. 65 60
= 19000

2 +
m

60
= 2. 66586 … A1

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

Note: Award (M1)(A1)(M1)A0 for an answer of 39. 9521 … or 39 with or without working.

[4 marks]

The bacteria in the second experiment are growing inside a container. The scientist models the volume of
each bacterium in the second experiment to be 1 × 10 −18
m
3
, and the available volume inside the container
is 2. 1 × 10 m . −5 3

(f ) Determine how long it would take for the bacteria to fill the container. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER (find volume of all bacteria)

multiplying total population of bacteria by the volume of bacterium (M1)

−18 t
1 × 10 × (5000 × 1. 65 )

setting expression equal to 2. 1 × 10 −5

and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

OR (find total number of bacteria to fill container)

attempting to find the total number of bacteria to fill container (M1)

−5

2. 1 × 10
−5
= n × 1 × 10
−18
OR 2.1×10

1×10
−18
OR 2. 1 × 10
13
setting value equal to S(t) and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

−5

Note: If 2.1×10

1×10
−18
is seen but candidate has an incorrect total number of bacteria, the second (M1) can still
be awarded for setting their incorrect value equal to S(t) and attempting to solve.

THEN

t = 44. 2 (hours) (44. 2480 …) A1

[3 marks]
17. [Maximum mark: 15] 23M.2.SL.TZ2.3
A scientist is conducting an experiment on the growth of a certain species of bacteria.

The population of the bacteria, P , can be modelled by the function

P (t) = 1200 × k
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since the experiment began, and k is a positive constant.

(a.i) Write down the value of P (0). [1]

Markscheme

1200 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Interpret what this value means in this context. [1]

Markscheme

the initial population of the bacteria A1

[1 mark]

3 hours after the experiment began, the population of the bacteria is 18 750.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × k
3
= 18750 (A1)

(k =) 2. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the population of the bacteria 1 hour and 30 minutes after the experiment began. [2]

Markscheme
 1200 × 2. 5
1.5
(A1)

4740 (4743. 41 …) A1

Note: Do not penalize if final answer is not given as an integer. Award (A1)A0 for an answer of
3950 (3949. 14 …) from use of 1. 3 in the exponent, but only if working is shown.

[2 marks]

The scientist conducts a second experiment with a different species of bacteria.

The population of this bacteria, S , can be modelled by the function

S(t) = 5000 × 1. 65
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since both experiments began.

(d) Find the value of t when the two populations of bacteria are equal. [2]

Markscheme

equating P (t) and S(t) OR equating each function to a common variable (M1)

1200 × 2. 5
t
= 5000 × 1. 65
t
; 1200 × 2. 5 t
= x and 5000 × 1. 65 t
= x

t = 3. 43 (hours) (3. 43456 …) A1

[2 marks]

It takes 2 hours and m minutes for the number of bacteria in the second experiment to reach 19 000.

(e) Find the value of m, giving your answer as an integer value. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

5000 × 1. 65
t
= 19000 (M1)

(t =) 2. 66586 … OR (t − 2 =) 0. 66586 … (seen) (A1)

 multiplying by 60 seen to convert to minutes (M1)
(m = 39. 9521 …)

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

METHOD 2

equating an expression for S(t) to 19000 (M1)

expressing t as 2 + m

60
(A1)
m
2+
5000 × 1. 65 60
= 19000

2 +
m

60
= 2. 66586 … A1

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

Note: Award (M1)(A1)(M1)A0 for an answer of 39. 9521 … or 39 with or without working.

[4 marks]

The bacteria in the second experiment are growing inside a container. The scientist models the volume of
each bacterium in the second experiment to be 1 × 10 −18
m
3
, and the available volume inside the container
is 2. 1 × 10 m . −5 3

(f ) Determine how long it would take for the bacteria to fill the container. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER (find volume of all bacteria)

multiplying total population of bacteria by the volume of bacterium (M1)

−18 t
1 × 10 × (5000 × 1. 65 )

setting expression equal to 2. 1 × 10 −5

and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

OR (find total number of bacteria to fill container)

attempting to find the total number of bacteria to fill container (M1)

−5

2. 1 × 10
−5
= n × 1 × 10
−18
OR 2.1×10

1×10
−18
OR 2. 1 × 10
13
setting value equal to S(t) and attempt to solve (e.g. sketch) (M1)

−5

Note: If 2.1×10

1×10
−18
is seen but candidate has an incorrect total number of bacteria, the second (M1) can still
be awarded for setting their incorrect value equal to S(t) and attempting to solve.

THEN

t = 44. 2 (hours) (44. 2480 …) A1

[3 marks]
18. [Maximum mark: 13] 23M.2.AHL.TZ1.1
The mean annual temperatures for Earth, recorded at fifty-year intervals, are shown in the table.

Year (x) 1708 1758 1808 1858 1908 1958 2008

Year °C (y) 8. 73 9. 22 9. 10 9. 12 9. 13 9. 45 9. 76

Tami creates a linear model for this data by finding the equation of the straight line passing through the
points with coordinates (1708, 8. 73) and (1958, 9. 45).

(a) Calculate the gradient of the straight line that passes through these two points. [2]

Markscheme

9.45−8.73

1958−1708
(M1)

= 0. 00288 (
9

3125
) A1

[2 marks]

(b.i) Interpret the meaning of the gradient in the context of the question. [1]

Markscheme

the (mean) yearly change in (mean annual) temperature A1

Note: Accept equivalent statements, e.g. “rate of change of temperature”.

[1 mark]

(b.ii) State appropriate units for the gradient. [1]

Markscheme

°C / year OR degrees C per year A1

Note: Do not follow through from part (b)(i) into (b)(ii).

 [1 mark]

(c) Find the equation of this line giving your answer in the form y = mx + c . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute point and gradient into appropriate formula (M1)

8. 73 = 0. 00288 × 1708 + c ⇒ c = 3. 81096 …

or

9. 45 = 0. 00288 × 1958 + c ⇒ c = 3. 81096 .

equation is y = 0. 00288x + 3. 81 A1

[2 marks]

(d) Use Tami’s model to estimate the mean annual temperature in the year 2000. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 2000 into their part (c) (M1)

0. 0028 × 2000 + 3. 81096 …

= 9. 57 (°C) (9. 57096 …) A1

[2 marks]

Thandizo uses linear regression to obtain a model for the data.

(e.i) Find the equation of the regression line y on x. [2]

Markscheme

y = 0. 00256x + 4. 46 (0. 00255714 … x + 4. 46454 …) (M1)A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 for answers that show the correct method, but are presented incorrectly (e.g. no “
y =” or truncated values etc.). Accept 4. 465 as the correct answer to 4 sf.
 [2 marks]

(e.ii) Find the value of r, the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. [1]

Markscheme

0. 861 (0. 861333 …) A1

[1 mark]

(f ) Use Thandizo’s model to estimate the mean annual temperature in the year 2000. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 2000 into their part (e)(i) (M1)

0. 00255714 × 2000 + 4. 46454 … .

= 9. 58 (°C) (9. 57882 … (°C)) A1

Note: Award A1 for 9. 57 from 0. 00255714 × 2000 + 4. 46.

[2 marks]
19. [Maximum mark: 12] 23M.2.AHL.TZ2.2
A scientist is conducting an experiment on the growth of a certain species of bacteria.

The population of the bacteria, P , can be modelled by the function

P (t) = 1200 × k
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since the experiment began, and k is a positive constant.

(a.i) Write down the value of P (0). [1]

Markscheme

1200 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Interpret what this value means in this context. [1]

Markscheme

the initial population of the bacteria A1

[1 mark]

3 hours after the experiment began, the population of the bacteria is 18 750.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

1200 × k
3
= 18750 (A1)

(k =) 2. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Find the population of the bacteria 1 hour and 30 minutes after the experiment began. [2]

Markscheme
 1200 × 2. 5
1.5
(A1)

4740 (4743. 41 …) A1

Note: Do not penalize if final answer is not given as an integer. Award (A1)A0 for an answer of
3950 (3949. 14 …) from use of 1. 3 in the exponent, but only if working is shown.

[2 marks]

The scientist conducts a second experiment with a different species of bacteria.

The population of this bacteria, S , can be modelled by the function

S(t) = 5000 × 1. 65
t
,t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the number of hours since both experiments began.

(d) Find the value of t when the two populations of bacteria are equal. [2]

Markscheme

equating P (t) and S(t) OR equating each function to a common variable (M1)

1200 × 2. 5
t
= 5000 × 1. 65
t
; 1200 × 2. 5 t
= x and 5000 × 1. 65 t
= x

t = 3. 43 (hours) (3. 43456 …) A1

[2 marks]

It takes 2 hours and m minutes for the number of bacteria in the second experiment to reach 19 000.

(e) Find the value of m, giving your answer as an integer value. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

5000 × 1. 65
t
= 19000 (M1)

(t =) 2. 66586 … OR (t − 2 =) 0. 66586 … (seen) (A1)

multiplying by 60 seen to convert to minutes (M1)
(m = 39. 9521 …)

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

METHOD 2

equating an expression for S(t) to 19000 (M1)

expressing t as 2 + m

60
(A1)
m
2+
5000 × 1. 65 60
= 19000

2 +
m

60
= 2. 66586 … A1

(m =) 40 (minutes) OR 2 hours and 40 minutes A1

Note: Award (M1)(A1)(M1)A0 for an answer of 39. 9521 … or 39 with or without working.

[4 marks]
20. [Maximum mark: 16] 23M.2.AHL.TZ2.3
A particular park consists of a rectangular garden, of area A m , and a concrete path surrounding it. The park
2

has a total area of 1200 m . 2

The width of the path at the north and south side of the park is 2 m.

The width of the path at the west and east side of the park is 1. 5 m.

The length of the park (along the north and south sides) is x metres, 3 < x < 300 .

diagram not to scale

(a) Show that A = 1212 − 4x −

3600

x
. [5]

Markscheme

Note: In methods 1 and 2, full marks are available for candidates who work with a dummy variable, e.g.
y , that represents the width of the park and hence is equal to 1200
x
. The substitution to express an
answer in only x may come as late as the final line.

METHOD 1 (finding dimensions of garden)

(width of park =) 1200

x
(A1)

(length of garden =) x − 3, (width of garden =) 1200

x
− 4 (A1)(A1)
 A = (x − 3) × (
1200

x
− 4) A1

= 1200 − 4x −
3600
x
+ 12 A1

= 1212 − 4x −
3600

x
AG

METHOD 2 (subtracting the area of the path)

width of park = 1200

x
(A1)

attempt to cut path into 4 (or 8) pieces (M1)

four (or eight) areas of the path expressed in terms of x (A1)

A = 1200 − 2x − 2x − 1. 5(
1200

x
− 4) − 1. 5(
1200

x
− 4) A1

correct manipulation leading to given result A1

1800 1800
= 1212 − 4x − −
x x

= 1212 − 4x −
3600

x
AG

Note: To award (M1)(A1) without a diagram the division of the park must be clear.

[5 marks]

(b) Find the possible dimensions of the park if the area of the garden is 800 m . 2
[4]

Markscheme

setting 1212 − 4x − 3600

x
= 800 (accept a sketch) (M1)

x = 9. 64 (9. 64011 …) (m) OR x = 9. 34 (93. 3598 …) (m) A1

(width =) 124 (124. 479 …) (m) A1

(width =) 12. 9 (12. 8534 …) (m) A1

 Note: To award the final A1 both values of x and both values of the width must be seen. Accept 12. 8 for
second value of width from candidate dividing 1200 by 3 sf value of 93. 4.

[4 marks]

(c) Find an expression for dA

dx
. [3]

Markscheme

(
dA

dx
=) − 4 +
3600

x2
OR −4 + 3600x
−2
A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for −4, A1 for +3600, and A1 for x −2

or x in denominator.
2

[3 marks]

(d) Use your answer from part (c) to find the value of x that will maximize the area of the
garden. [2]

Markscheme

setting their dA

dx
equal to 0 OR sketch of their dA

dx
with x-intercept highlighted M1

(x =) 30 (m) A1

Note: To award A1FT the candidate’s value of x must be within the domain given in the problem
(3 < x < 300).

[2 marks]

(e) Find the maximum possible area of the garden. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

evidence of using GDC to find maximum of graph of A = 1212 − 4x −

3600

x
(M1)
OR

substitution of their x into A (M1)

OR

dividing 1200 by their x to find width of park and subtracting 3 from their x and 4 from the width to find
park dimensions (M1)

Note: For the last two methods, only follow through if 3 < their x < 300 .

THEN

(A =) 972 (m )
2
A1

[2 marks]
21. [Maximum mark: 26] 23M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question considers the optimal route between two points, separated by several regions where
different speeds are possible.

Huw lives in a house, H, and he attends a school, S, where H and S are marked on the following diagram. The
school is situated 1. 2 km south and 4 km east of Huw’s house. There is a boundary [MN], going from west
to east, 0. 4 km south of his house. The land north of [MN] is a field over which Huw runs at 15 kilometres
per hour (km h ). The land south of [MN] is rough ground over which Huw walks at 5 km h . The two
−1 −1

regions are shown in the following diagram.

diagram not to scale

(a) Huw travels in a straight line from H to S. Calculate the time that Huw takes to complete this
journey. Give your answer correct to the nearest minute. [6]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

MĤS = (tan
−1 4

1.2
) = 73. 3007 …° OR 1. 27933 … (A1)
use of trigonometry to find HA or AS (M1)

HA =
0.4
AND AS =
0.8
(A1)
cos MĤS cos MĤS

(HA = 1. 39204 … and AS = 2. 78408 … )

use of time =
distance

speed
for either of their distances (M1)

time taken = (
AH

15
+
AS

5
)

0. 649618 … (hours) (A1)

(38. 99712 … minutes)

therefore 39 (mins) A1FT

Note: Allow FT, within the question part, from their time in hours for the final A1.

METHOD 2

EITHER

use of similar triangles to identify either length MA or AN (M1)

4 8
( or )
3 3

attempt to use Pythagoras for either triangle AMH or ANS (M1)

2 2
AH
2
= 0. 4
2
+ (
4

3
) AND AS
2
= 0. 8
2
+ (
8

3
) (A1)

OR

attempt to use Pythagoras for larger triangle (M1)

2 2 2
SH = 4 + 1. 2

AH =
1

3
√ 4 2 + 1. 2 2 AND AS =
2

3
√ 4 2 + 1. 2 2 (M1)(A1)

THEN

(HA = 1. 39204 … and AS = 2. 78408 … )

use of time =
distance

speed
for either of THEIR distances (M1)

time taken = (
AH

15
+
AS

5
)
 0. 649618 … (hours) (A1)

(38. 99712 … minutes)

therefore 39 (mins) A1FT

Note: Allow FT, within the question part, from their time in hours for the final A1.

[6 marks]

(b) Huw realizes that his journey time could be reduced by taking a less direct route. He
therefore defines a point P on [MN] that is x km east of M. Huw decides to run from H to P
and then walk from P to S. Let T ( x) represent the time, in hours, taken by Huw to
complete the journey along this route.

(b.i) √ 0.4 2 +x 2 +3√ 0.8 2 +(4−x)

2

Show that T (x) = .

[3]
15

Markscheme

PH
2
= 0. 4
2
+ x
2
AND PS
2
= 0. 8
2
+ (4 − x)
2
A1

Note: This A1 can be implied by a clear expression for the time in each region coming from distance /
speed below.

T (x) =
PH

15
+
PS

5
(M1)

√ 0.8 2 +(4−x) 2

A1
√ 0.4 2 +x 2
T (x) = +
15 5

2
√ 0.4 2 +x 2 +3√ 0.8 2 +(4−x)

T (x) =
15
AG

[3 marks]

(b.ii) Sketch the graph of y = T (x) . [2]

 Markscheme

correct shape with minimum point nearer x = 4 than x = 0 A1

correct (approximate) y-intercept, 0. 843 … (must be clearly below 1) A1

[2 marks]

(b.iii) Hence determine the value of x that minimizes T (x). [1]

Markscheme

using the GDC, at the minimum x = 3. 72 (3. 71898 …) A1

Note: Do not accept coordinates of the minimum point.

[1 mark]

(b.iv) Find by how much Huw’s journey time is reduced when he takes this optimal route,
compared to travelling in a straight line from H to S. Give your answer correct to the nearest
minute. [2]

Markscheme

finding their T (x) for their value of x M1

T (x) = 0. 418946 …
 so time saved (= 38. 97712 … − 25. 1367 … mins) = 14 (mins) A1

[2 marks]

(c.i) Determine an expression for the derivative T ′(x). [3]

Markscheme

attempt at chain rule M1

3(4−x)
T ′(x) =
15
1
(
x

√ 0.4 2 +x 2
− ) A1A1
2
√ 0.8 2 +(4−x)

Note: Award A1 for each correct term. Accept any equivalent form i.e. condone fractions not simplified.

[3 marks]

(c.ii) Hence show that T (x) is minimized when

x 3(4−x)
= .
√ 0.16+x 2
√ 0.64+(4−x) 2 [1]

Markscheme

setting their T ′(x) = 0 M1

Note: This requires more than just a statement that the derivative equals zero – they must use their
attempt at T ′(x).

1 x 3(4−x)
( − ) = 0
15 √ 0.4 2 +x 2
√ 0.8 2 +(4−x) 2

3(4−x)
x

√ 0.16+x 2
= AG
√ 0.64+(4−x) 2

[1 mark]
(c.iii) For the optimal route, verify that the equation in part (c)(ii) satisfies the following result:

cos HP̂M speed over f ield

cos SP̂N
=
speed over rough ground
. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

cos HP̂M =
x
AND cos SP̂N =
4−x
A1
√ 0.16+x 2
√ 0.64+(4−x) 2

substituting in the above equation and rearranging M1

ˆ ˆ
cos HPM = 3 cos SPN leading to cos HP̂M
= 3 = (
15

5
)
cos SP̂N

verifying the result AG

METHOD 2

x 3(4−x)
=
√ 0.16+x 2 2
√ 0.64+(4−x)

attempt to rearrange into a quotient M1

x

15 √ 2
0.16+x
( = 3 =) 4−x
5
√ 2
0.64+(4−x)

=
cos HP̂M
A1
cos SP̂N

verifying the result AG

[2 marks]

(d) The owner of the rough ground converts the southern quarter into a field over which Huw
can run at 15 km h . The following diagram shows the optimal route, HJKS, in this new
−1

situation. You are given that [HJ] is parallel to [KS].

 [6]

Using a similar result to that given in part (c)(iii), at the point J, determine MJ.

Markscheme

METHOD 1

let MJ = y km and W and Z be the points on the new boundary directly below N and J

attempt to find ZK in terms of MJ M1

(KW = 0. 5y)

ZK = (4 − 1. 5y) km A1

attempt to use the result from (c)(iii) at J M1

y (4−1.5y)
cos HĴM
=
√ y 2 +0.4 2
÷
2
=
15

5
A1
cos ZK̂J √ (4−1.5y) +0.6 2

Note: Accept cos NĴK in place of cos ZK̂J.

 y 3(4−1.5y)
(leading to ÷ )
√ y 2 +0.16 2
√ (4−1.5y) +0.36

valid method for solving this equation, eg drawing graphs of both sides of the equation, using SOLVER,
etc. (M1)

solution is y = 2. 53 A1

METHOD 2

combining the field into one region with height 0. 6 km M1

ˆ x
cos HPM =
√ 0.36+x 2

cos SP̂N =
4−x
A1
2
√ 0.36+(4−x)

Note: Both expressions, or their ratio, are required for the A1 to be awarded.

therefore

2
x√ 0.36+(4−x)

2
= 3 A1
(4−x)√ 0.36+x

valid method for solving (M1)

attempting to find MJ in terms of x e.g. MJ =

2

3
x M1

so MJ = 2. 53 A1

[6 marks]
22. [Maximum mark: 6] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.5
Celeste heated a cup of coffee and then let it cool to room temperature. Celeste found the coffee’s
temperature, T , measured in °C, could be modelled by the following function,

T (t) = 71e
−0.0514t
+ 23, t ≥ 0 ,

where t is the time, in minutes, after the coffee started to cool.

(a) Find the coffee’s temperature 16 minutes after it started to cool. [2]

Markscheme

71e
−0.0514(16)
+ 23 (M1)

54. 2 °C (54. 1956 …) A1

[2 marks]

The graph of T has a horizontal asymptote.

(b) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

T = 23 A1

Note: Condone y = 23 .

[1 mark]

(c) Write down the room temperature. [1]

Markscheme

23 °C A1

[1 mark]

(d) Given that T −1

, find the value of k.
(50) = k [2]
Markscheme

50 = 71e
−0.0514(k)
+ 23 (M1)

k = 18. 8 (
−5000

257
ln(
27

71
), 18. 8101 …) A1

Note: Award M1 for a sketch showing a point of intersection between the exponential function and
y = 50.

[2 marks]
23. [Maximum mark: 5] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.11
Gloria wants to model the curved edge of a butterfly wing. She inserts a photo of the wing into her graphing
software and finds the coordinates of four points on the edge of the wing.

Gloria thinks a cubic curve will be a good model for the butterfly wing.

[Source: Fleur, 2019. photo-1560263816-d704d83cce0f. [image online] Available at:

https://unsplash.com/photos/SE2zTdS1MNo [Accessed 8 February 2022]. Source adapted.]

(a) Find the equation of the cubic regression curve for this data. [2]

Markscheme

y = −0. 00855x
3
− 0. 234x
2
− 0. 225x + 3. 20 A2

3 2
(y = −0. 00854819 … x − 0. 234002 … x − 0. 224884 … x + 3. 20056 …)

Note: Award A0A1 for at least two terms correct.

[2 marks]

For the photo of a second butterfly wing, Gloria finds the equation of the regression curve is
y = 0. 0083x − 0. 075x − 0. 58x + 2. 2.
3 2

Gloria realizes that her photo of the second butterfly is an enlargement of the life-size butterfly, scale factor 2
and centred on (0, 0).

(b) Find the equation of the cubic curve that models the life-size wing. [3]
Markscheme

y(2x) (for horizontal stretch) (A1)

attempt to stretch vertically by factor 1

2
(M1)

y = 0. 0332x
3
− 0. 15x
2
− 0. 58x (+1. 1) A1

Note: Award A0M1A0 for a vertical stretch, factor 2. Although a d value of 1. 1 is preferred, technically this
value can be wrong/omitted and the question is still answered (hence it is presented in brackets).

[3 marks]
24. [Maximum mark: 7] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.4
Three towns, A, B and C are represented as coordinates on a map, where the x and y axes represent the
distances east and north of an origin, respectively, measured in kilometres.

Town A is located at (−6, − 1) and town B is located at (8, 6). A road runs along the perpendicular
bisector of [AB]. This information is shown in the following diagram.

(a) Find the equation of the line that the road follows. [5]

Markscheme

midpoint (1, 2. 5) A1

6−(−1)
m AB =
8−(−6)
=
1

2
(M1)A1

Note: Accept equivalent gradient statements including using midpoint.

m ⊥ = −2 M1

Note: Award M1 for finding the negative reciprocal of their gradient.

y − 2. 5 = −2(x − 1) OR y = −2x +
9

2
OR 4x + 2y − 9 = 0 A1

[5 marks]

(b) Town C is due north of town A and the road passes through town C.
 Find the y-coordinate of town C. [2]

Markscheme

substituting x = −6 into their equation from part (a) (M1)

9
y = −2(−6) +
2

y = 16. 5 A1

Note: Award M1A0 for (−6, 16. 5) as their final answer.

[2 marks]
25. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.3
The height of a baseball after it is hit by a bat is modelled by the function

2
h(t) = −4. 8t + 21t + 1. 2

where h(t) is the height in metres above the ground and t is the time in seconds after the ball was hit.

(a) Write down the height of the ball above the ground at the instant it is hit by the bat. [1]

Markscheme

1. 2 metres A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the value of t when the ball hits the ground. [2]

Markscheme

−4. 8t
2
+ 21t + 1. 2 = 0 (M1)

(t =) 4. 43 s (4. 431415 … s) A1

Note: If both values for t are seen do not award the A1 mark unless the negative is explicitly excluded.

[2 marks]

(c) State an appropriate domain for t in this model. [2]

Markscheme

0 ≤ t ≤ 4. 43 OR [0, 4. 43] A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints and A1 for expressing answer with correct notation. Award at most
A1A0 for use of x instead of t.

[2 marks]
26. [Maximum mark: 8] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.11
The strength of earthquakes is measured on the Richter magnitude scale, with values typically between 0
and 8 where 8 is the most severe.

The Gutenberg–Richter equation gives the average number of earthquakes per year, N , which have a
magnitude of at least M . For a particular region the equation is

log 10 N = a − M , for some a ∈ R .

This region has an average of 100 earthquakes per year with a magnitude of at least 3.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

log 10 100 = a − 3 (M1)

a = 5 A1

[2 marks]

The equation for this region can also be written as N =

b
M
.
10

(b) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

N = 10
5−M
(M1)

5
10 100000
= M
(= M
)
10 10

OR

100 =
b

10
3
(M1)

THEN

b = 100000 (= 10 )
5
A1
 [2 marks]

(c) Given 0 < M < 8 , find the range for N . [2]

Markscheme

0. 001 < N < 100000 (10

−3
< N < 10 )
5
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints and A1 for correct inequalities/interval notation.

[2 marks]

The expected length of time, in years, between earthquakes with a magnitude of at least M is 1

N
.

Within this region the most severe earthquake recorded had a magnitude of 7. 2.

(d) Find the expected length of time between this earthquake and the next earthquake of at
least this magnitude. Give your answer to the nearest year. [2]

Markscheme

N =
10
7.2
(= 0. 0063095 …) (M1)
10

length of time = 1
0.0063095…
= 10
2.2

= 158 years A1

[2 marks]
27. [Maximum mark: 8] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.9
The graph below shows the average savings, S thousand dollars, of a group of university graduates as a
function of t, the number of years after graduating from university.

(a) Write down one feature of this graph which suggests a cubic function might be appropriate
to model this scenario. [1]

Markscheme

Accept any one of the following (or equivalent):

one minimum and one maximum point

three x-intercepts or three roots (or zeroes)
one point of inflexion R1

Note: Do not accept “S shape” as a justification.

[1 mark]

The equation of the model can be expressed in the form S = at

3
+ bt
2
, where a,
+ ct + d b, c and d are
real constants.

The graph of the model must pass through the following four points.

(b.i) Write down the value of d. [1]

Markscheme

(d =) − 5 A1
 [1 mark]

(b.ii) Write down three simultaneous equations for a, b and c. [2]

Markscheme

8 = a + b + c

4 = 8a + 4b + 2c

0 = 27a + 9b + 3c A2

Note: Award A2 if all three equations are correct.

Award A1 if at least one is correct. Award A1 for three correct equations that include the letter “d”.

[2 marks]

(b.iii) Hence, or otherwise, find the values of a, b and c. [1]

Markscheme

a = 2, b = −12, c = 18 A1

[1 mark]

A negative value of S indicates that a graduate is expected to be in debt.

(c) Use the model to determine the total length of time, in years, for which a graduate
is expected to be in debt after graduating from university. [3]

Markscheme

equating found expression to zero (M1)

3 2
0 = 2t − 12t + 18t − 5

t = 0. 358216 … , 1. 83174 … , 3. 81003 … (A1)

(so total time in debt is 3. 81003 … − 1. 83174 … + 0. 358216 ≈ )

2. 34 (2. 33650 …) years A1

[3 marks]
28. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.12
The cross-section of an arched entrance into the ballroom of a hotel is in the shape of a parabola. This cross-
section can be modelled by part of the graph y = −1. 6x + 4. 48x, where y is the height of the archway, in
2

metres, at a horizontal distance, x metres, from the point O, in the bottom corner of the archway.

(a) Determine an equation for the axis of symmetry of the parabola that models the archway. [2]

Markscheme

(x =) −
4.48

2(−1.6)
OR coordinates of maximum point (1. 4, 3. 136) (M1)

x = 1. 4 A1

[2 marks]

To prepare for an event, a square-based crate that is 1. 6 m wide and 2. 0 m high is to be moved through the
archway into the ballroom. The crate must remain upright while it is being moved.

(b) Determine whether the crate will fit through the archway. Justify your answer. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

the cart is centred in the archway when it is between

x = 0. 6 and x = 2. 2 , A1

where y ≥ 2. 112 (m) (which is greater than 2) R1

the archway is tall enough for the crate A1

Note: Do not award R0A1.

METHOD 2

the height of the archway is greater or equal to 2. 0 between

x = 0. 557385 … and x = 2. 24261 … A1

width of this section of archway =

(2. 24261 … − 0. 557385 … =) 1. 68522 (m) (which is greater than 1. 6) R1

the archway is wide enough for the crate A1

Note: Do not award R0A1.

[3 marks]
29. [Maximum mark: 7] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.11
Consider the function f (x) = x
2
−
3

x
, x ≠ 0 .

(a) Find f ′(x). [2]

Markscheme

(f ′(x) =) 2x +
3

x
2
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for 2x, A1 for + 3

x2
OR = 3x
−2

[2 marks]

Line L is a tangent to f (x) at the point (1, − 2) .

(b) Use your answer to part (a) to find the gradient of L. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute 1 into their part (a) (M1)

3
(f ′(1) =) 2(1) + 2
1

5 A1

[2 marks]

(c) Determine the number of lines parallel to L that are tangent to f (x). Justify your answer. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

5 = 2x +
3

x
2
M1

x = −0. 686, 1, 2. 19 (−0. 686140 … , 1, 2. 18614 …) A1

OR

sketch of y = f ′(x) with line y = 5 M1

three points of intersection marked on this graph A1

(and it can be assumed no further intersections occur outside of this window)

THEN

there are two other tangent lines to f (x) that are parallel to L A1

Note: The final A1 can be awarded provided two solutions other than x = 1 are shown OR three points
of intersection are marked on the graph.

Award M1A1A1 for an answer of “3 lines” where L is considered to be parallel with itself (given guide
definition of parallel lines), but only if working is shown.

[3 marks]
30. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.10
The function f (x) = ln(
x−2
1
) is defined for x > 2, x ∈ R .

(a) Find an expression for f −1

(x) . You are not required to state a domain. [3]

Markscheme

1
y = ln( )
x−2

an attempt to isolate x (or y if switched) (M1)

y 1
e =
x−2

−y
x − 2 = e

−y
x = e + 2

switching x and y (seen anywhere) M1

f
−1
(x) = e
−x
+ 2 A1

[3 marks]

(b) Solve f (x) = f

−1
(x) . [2]

Markscheme

sketch of f (x) and f −1

(x) (M1)

x = 2. 12 (2. 12002 …) A1

[2 marks]
31. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.2.SL.TZ1.1
Boris recorded the number of daylight hours on the first day of each month in a northern hemisphere town.

This data was plotted onto a scatter diagram. The points were then joined by a smooth curve, with minimum
point (0, 8) and maximum point (6, 16) as shown in the following diagram.

Let the curve in the diagram be y = f (t) , where t is the time, measured in months, since Boris first recorded
these values.

Boris thinks that f (t) might be modelled by a quadratic function.

(a) Write down one reason why a quadratic function would not be a good model for the
number of hours of daylight per day, across a number of years. [1]

Markscheme

EITHER
annual cycle for daylight length R1

OR
there is a minimum length for daylight (cannot be negative) R1

OR
a quadratic could not have a maximum and a minimum or equivalent R1

Note: Do not accept “Paula's model is better”.

[1 mark]

Paula thinks that a better model is f (t) ,

= a cos(bt) + d t ≥ 0 , for specific values of a, b and d.
For Paula’s model, use the diagram to write down

(b.i) the amplitude. [1]

Markscheme

4 A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) the period. [1]

Markscheme

12 A1

[1 mark]

(b.iii) the equation of the principal axis. [2]

Markscheme

y = 12 A1A1

Note: Award A1 “y = (a constant)” and A1 for that constant being 12.

[2 marks]

(c) Hence or otherwise find the equation of this model in the form:

f (t) = a cos(bt) + d [3]

Markscheme

f (t) = −4 cos(30t) + 12 OR f (t) = −4 cos(−30t) + 12 A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for b = 30 (or b = −30), A1 for a = −4, and A1 for d = 12. Award at most A1A1A0 if extra
terms are seen or form is incorrect. Award at most A1A1A0 if x is used instead of t.
 [3 marks]

(d) For the first year of the model, find the length of time when there are more than 10 hours
and 30 minutes of daylight per day. [4]

Markscheme

10. 5 = −4 cos(30t) + 12 (M1)

EITHER

t 1 = 2. 26585 … , t 2 = 9. 73414 … (A1)(A1)

OR

t1 =
1

30
cos
−1 3

8
(A1)

t 2 = 12 − t 1 (A1)

THEN

9. 73414 … − 2. 26585 …

7. 47 (7. 46828 …) months (0. 622356 … years) A1

Note: Award M1A1A1A0 for an unsupported answer of 7. 46. If there is only one intersection point, award
M1A1A0A0.

[4 marks]

The true maximum number of daylight hours was 16 hours and 14 minutes.

(e) Calculate the percentage error in the maximum number of daylight hours Boris recorded in
the diagram. [3]

Markscheme

14
16−(16+ )

14
60
× 100% (M1)(M1)
16+
60
Note: Award M1 for correct values and absolute value signs, M1 for ×100.

= 1. 44% (1. 43737 … %) A1

[3 marks]
32. [Maximum mark: 18] 22M.2.SL.TZ2.3
The Voronoi diagram below shows four supermarkets represented by points with coordinates A(0, 0),
B(6, 0), C(0, 6) and D(2, 2). The vertices X, Y, Z are also shown. All distances are measured in kilometres.

(a) Find the midpoint of [BD]. [2]

Markscheme

(
2+6

2
,
2+0

2
) (M1)

(4, 1) A1

Note: Award A0 if parentheses are omitted in the final answer.

[2 marks]

(b) Find the equation of (XZ). [4]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute values into gradient formula (M1)

(
0−2

6−2
=) −
1

2
(A1)

therefore the gradient of perpendicular bisector is 2 (M1)

so y − 1 = 2(x − 4) (y = 2x − 7) A1
 [4 marks]

The equation of (XY) is y = 2 − x and the equation of (YZ) is y = 0. 5x + 3. 5 .

(c) Find the coordinates of X. [3]

Markscheme

identifying the correct equations to use: (M1)

y = 2 − x and y = 2x − 7

evidence of solving their correct equations or of finding intersection point graphically (M1)

(3, − 1) A1

Note: Accept an answer expressed as “x = 3, y = −1 ”.

[3 marks]

The coordinates of Y are (−1, 3) and the coordinates of Z are (7, 7).

(d) Determine the exact length of [YZ]. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use distance formula (M1)

2 2
YZ = √ (7 − (−1)) + (7 − 3)

= √ 80 (4√ 5) A1

[2 marks]

(e) Given that the exact length of [XY] is √32, find the size of XŶZ in degrees. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 (cosine rule)

 length of XZ is √80 (4√ 5, 8. 94427 …) (A1)

Note: Accept 8. 94 and 8. 9.

attempt to substitute into cosine rule (M1)

cos XŶZ =
80+32−80
(= 0. 316227 …) (A1)
2×√ 80√ 32

Note: Award A1 for correct substitution of XZ, YZ, √32 values in the cos rule. Exact values do not need
to be used in the substitution.

(XŶZ =) 71. 6° (71. 5650 …°) A1

Note: Last A1 mark may be lost if prematurely rounded values of XZ, YZ and/or XY are used.

METHOD 2 (splitting isosceles triangle in half)

length of XZ is √80 (4√ 5, 8. 94427 …) (A1)

Note: Accept 8. 94 and 8. 9.

required angle is cos (M1)(A1)

−1 √ 32
( )
2√ 80

Note: Award A1 for correct substitution of XZ (or YZ), values in the cos rule. Exact values do not
√ 32

need to be used in the substitution.

(XŶZ =) 71. 6° (71. 5650 …°) A1

Note: Last A1 mark may be lost if prematurely rounded values of XZ, YZ and/or XY are used.

[4 marks]

(f ) Hence find the area of triangle XYZ. [2]

 Markscheme

(area =) 1

2
√ 80√ 32 sin 71. 5650 … OR (area =) 1

2
√ 32√ 72 (M1)

= 24 km
2
A1

[2 marks]

A town planner believes that the larger the area of the Voronoi cell XYZ, the more people will shop at
supermarket D.

(g) State one criticism of this interpretation. [1]

Markscheme

Any sensible answer such as:

There might be factors other than proximity which influence shopping choices.

A larger area does not necessarily result in an increase in population.

The supermarkets might be specialized / have a particular clientele who visit even if other shops are
closer.

Transport links might not be represented by Euclidean distances.

etc. R1

[1 mark]
33. [Maximum mark: 17] 22M.2.SL.TZ2.4
The Texas Star is a Ferris wheel at the state fair in Dallas. The Ferris wheel has a diameter of 61. 8 m. To begin
the ride, a passenger gets into a chair at the lowest point on the wheel, which is 2. 7 m above the ground, as
shown in the following diagram. A ride consists of multiple revolutions, and the Ferris wheel makes 1. 5
revolutions per minute.

The height of a chair above the ground, h, measured in metres, during a ride on the Ferris wheel can be
modelled by the function h(t) = −a cos(bt) + d, where t is the time, in seconds, since a passenger began
their ride.

Calculate the value of

(a.i) .
a [2]

Markscheme

an attempt to find the amplitude (M1)

61.8

2
OR 64.5−2.7

(a =) 30. 9 m A1

Note: Accept an answer of (a =) − 30. 9 m .

[2 marks]
(a.ii) b. [2]

Markscheme

(period = 60

1.5
= ) 40 (s) (A1)

((b =)
360°

40
)

(b =) 9 A1

Note: Accept an answer of (b =) − 9 .

[2 marks]

(a.iii) d . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find d (M1)

(d =) 30. 9 + 2. 7 OR 64.5+2.7

(d =) 33. 6 m A1

[2 marks]

A ride on the Ferris wheel lasts for 12 minutes in total.

(b) Calculate the number of revolutions of the Ferris wheel per ride. [2]

Markscheme

12 × 1. 5 OR 12×60

40
(M1)

18 (revolutions per ride) A1

[2 marks]

For exactly one ride on the Ferris wheel, suggest

(c.i) an appropriate domain for h(t). [1]

Markscheme

0 ≤ t ≤ 720 A1

[1 mark]

(c.ii) an appropriate range for h(t). [2]

Markscheme

2. 7 ≤ h ≤ 64. 5 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints of domain and A1 for correct endpoints of range. Award A1 for
correct direction of both inequalities.

[2 marks]

Big Tex is a 16. 7 metre-tall cowboy statue that stands on the horizontal ground next to the Ferris wheel.

[Source: Aline Escobar., n.d. Cowboy. [image online] Available at: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=cowboy&i=1080130
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en [Accessed 13/05/2021]. Source adapted.]

(d) By considering the graph of h(t), determine the length of time during one revolution of the
Ferris wheel for which the chair is higher than the cowboy statue. [3]

Markscheme

graph of h(t) and y = 16. 7 OR h(t) = 16. 7 (M1)

6. 31596 … and 33. 6840 … (A1)

27. 4 (s) (27. 3680 …) A1

[3 marks]

There is a plan to relocate the Texas Star Ferris wheel onto a taller platform which will increase the maximum
height of the Ferris wheel to 65. 2 m. This will change the value of one parameter, a, b or d, found in part (a).

(e.i) Identify which parameter will change. [1]

Markscheme

d A1

[1 mark]

(e.ii) Find the new value of the parameter identified in part (e)(i). [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

d + 30. 9 = 65. 2 (A1)

OR

65. 2 − (61. 8 + 2. 7) = 0. 7 (A1)

OR

3. 4 (new platform height) (A1)

THEN

(d =) 34. 3 m A1

[2 marks]
34. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.2.SL.TZ2.5
A cafe makes x litres of coffee each morning. The cafe’s profit each morning, C , measured in dollars, is
modelled by the following equation

x 2 3 2
C = (k − x )
10 100

where k is a positive constant.

(a) Find an expression for dC

dx
in terms of k and x. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to expand given expression (M1)

2 3
xk 3x
C = −
10 1000

2 2
dC

dx
=
k

10
−
9x

1000
M1A1

Note: Award M1 for power rule correctly applied to at least one term and A1 for correct answer.

[3 marks]

(b) Hence find the maximum value of C in terms of k. Give your answer in the form pk , where 3

p is a constant. [4]

Markscheme

equating their dC
dx
to zero (M1)
2 2
k 9x
− = 0
10 1000

2
2 100k
x =
9

x =
10k

3
(A1)

substituting their x back into given expression (M1)

2
10k 2 300k
C max = (k − )
30 900

C max =
2k

9
(0. 222 … k )
3
A1

[4 marks]
The cafe’s manager knows that the cafe makes a profit of $426 when 20 litres of coffee are made in a
morning.

(c.i) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

substituting 20 into given expression and equating to 426 M1

20 2 3 2
426 = (k − (20) )
10 100

k = 15 A1

[2 marks]

(c.ii) Use the model to find how much coffee the cafe should make each morning to maximize its
profit. [1]

Markscheme

50 A1

[1 mark]

(d) Sketch the graph of C against x, labelling the maximum point and the x-intercepts with
their coordinates. [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for graph drawn for positive x indicating an increasing and then decreasing function, A1
 for maximum labelled and A1 for graph passing through the origin and 86. 6, marked on the x-axis or
whose coordinates are given.

[3 marks]

The manager of the cafe wishes to serve as many customers as possible.

(e) Determine the maximum amount of coffee the cafe can make that will not result in a loss of
money for the morning. [2]

Markscheme

setting their expression for C to zero OR choosing correct x-intercept on their graph of C (M1)

x max = 86. 6 (86. 6025 …) litres A1

[2 marks]
35. [Maximum mark: 18] 22M.2.AHL.TZ1.6
Consider the curve y = √x .

(a.i) Find
dy

dx
. [2]

Markscheme

y = x 2
(M1)
1
dy

dx
=
1

2
x
−
2
A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Hence show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point (0. 16, 0. 4) is
y = 1. 25x + 0. 2. [2]

Markscheme

gradient at x = 0. 16 is 1

2
×
1

√ 0.16
M1

= 1. 25

EITHER

y − 0. 4 = 1. 25(x − 0. 16) M1

OR

0. 4 = 1. 25(0. 16) + b M1

Note: Do not allow working backwards from the given answer.

THEN

hence y = 1. 25x + 0. 2 AG

[2 marks]
The shape of a piece of metal can be modelled by the region bounded by the functions f , g, the x-axis and
the line segment [AB], as shown in the following diagram. The units on the x and y axes are measured in
metres.

The piecewise function f is defined by

√x 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 16
f (x) = {
1. 25x + 0. 2 0. 16 < x ≤ 0. 5

The graph of g is obtained from the graph of f by:

a stretch scale factor of 1

2
in the x direction,
followed by a stretch scale factor in the y direction,
1

followed by a translation of 0. 2 units to the right.

Point A lies on the graph of f and has coordinates (0. 5, 0. 825). Point B is the image of A under the given
transformations and has coordinates (p, q).

(b) Find the value of p and the value of q. [2]

Markscheme

p = 0. 45, q = 0. 4125 (or 0. 413) (accept " (0. 45, 0. 4125) ") A1A1

[2 marks]

The piecewise function g is given by

h(x) 0. 2 ≤ x ≤ a
g(x) = {
1. 25x + b a < x ≤ p
(c.i) Find an expression for h(x). [2]

Markscheme

(h(x) =)
1

2
√ 2(x − 0. 2) A2

Note: Award A1 if only two correct transformations are seen.

[2 marks]

(c.ii) Find the value of a. [1]

Markscheme

(a =) 0. 28 A1

[1 mark]

(c.iii) Find the value of b. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

Correct substitution of their part (b) (or (0. 28, 0. 2) ) into the given expression (M1)

OR

2
(1. 25 × 2(x − 0. 2) + 0. 2) (M1)

Note: Award M1 for transforming the equivalent expression for f correctly.

THEN

(b =) − 0. 15 A1

[2 marks]

(d.i) Find the area enclosed by y = f (x) , the x-axis and the line x = 0. 5 . [3]
 Markscheme

recognizing need to add two integrals (M1)

0.16 0.5
∫
0
√x d x + ∫
0.16
(1. 25x + 0. 2) d x (A1)

Note: The second integral could be replaced by the formula for the area of a trapezoid
1

2
× 0. 34(0. 4 + 0. 825) .

0. 251 m
2
(0. 250916 …) A1

[3 marks]

The area enclosed by y = g(x) , the x-axis and the line x = p is 0. 0627292 m correct to six significant
2

figures.

(d.ii) Find the area of the shaded region on the diagram. [4]

Markscheme

EITHER

area of a trapezoid 1

2
× 0. 05(0. 4125 + 0. 825) = 0. 0309375 (M1)(A1)

OR

0.5
∫
0.45
(8. 25x − 3. 3) d x = 0. 0309375 (M1)(A1)

Note: If the rounded answer of 0. 413 from part (b) is used, the integral is
0.5
∫
0.45
(8. 24x − 3. 295) d x = 0. 03095 which would be awarded (M1)(A1).

THEN

shaded area = 0. 250916 … − 0. 0627292 − 0. 0309375 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for the subtraction of both 0. 0627292 … and their area for the trapezoid from their
answer to (a)(i).
= 0. 157 m
2
(0. 15725) A1

[4 marks]
36. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.4
A student investigating the relationship between chemical reactions and temperature finds the Arrhenius
equation on the internet.
c
−
k = Ae T

This equation links a variable k with the temperature T , where A and c are positive constants and T > 0 .

(a) Show that dk

dT
is always positive. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to use chain rule, including the differentiation of T

1
(M1)
c
dk

dT
= A ×
c

T 2
× e
−
T A1

this is the product of positive quantities so must be positive R1

Note: The R1 may be awarded for correct argument from their derivative. R1 is not possible if their
derivative is not always positive.

[3 marks]

(b) Given that lim k = A and lim k = 0 , sketch the graph of k against T . [3]
T →∞ T →0

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for an increasing graph, entirely in first quadrant, becoming concave down for larger
values of T , A1 for tending towards the origin and A1 for asymptote labelled at k = A.
 [3 marks]

The Arrhenius equation predicts that the graph of ln k against 1

T
is a straight line.

Write down

(c) (i) the gradient of this line in terms of c;

(ii) the y-intercept of this line in terms of A. [4]

Markscheme

taking ln of both sides OR substituting y = ln x and x =

1
T
(M1)

ln k = ln A −
c
T
OR y = −cx + ln A (A1)

(i) so gradient is −c A1

(ii) y-intercept is ln A A1

Note: The implied (M1) and (A1) can only be awarded if both correct answers are seen. Award zero if only
one value is correct and no working is seen.

[4 marks]

The following data are found for a particular reaction, where T is measured in Kelvin and k is measured in
cm
3
mol
−1
s
−1
:
(d) Find the equation of the regression line for ln k on 1

T
. [2]

Markscheme

an attempt to convert data to 1

T
and ln k (M1)

e.g. at least one correct row in the following table

line is ln k = −13400 ×
1

T
+ 15. 0 (= −13383. 1 … ×
1

T
+ 15. 0107 …) A1

[2 marks]

Find an estimate of

(e.i) c.

It is not required to state units for this value. [1]

Markscheme

c = 13400 (13383. 1 …) A1

[1 mark]

(e.ii) A .

It is not required to state units for this value. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to rearrange or solve graphically ln A = 15. 0107 … (M1)

A = 3 300 000 (3 304 258 …) A1

Note: Accept an A value of 3269017… from use of 3 sf value.

[2 marks]
37. [Maximum mark: 16] 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.7
An environmental scientist is asked by a river authority to model the effect of a leak from a power plant on
the mercury levels in a local river. The variable x measures the concentration of mercury in micrograms per
litre.

The situation is modelled using the second order differential equation

2
d x dx
2
+ 3 + 2x = 0
dt dt

where t ≥ 0 is the time measured in days since the leak started. It is known that when t = 0, x = 0 and
dx

dt
= 1 .

(a) Show that the system of coupled first order equations:

dx
= y
dt

dy
= −2x − 3y
dt

can be written as the given second order differential equation. [2]

Markscheme

differentiating first equation. M1

2
d x dy
=
dt 2 dt

substituting in for M1
dy

dt

dx
= −2x − 3y = −2x − 3
dt

therefore d x

dt
2
+ 3
dx

dt
+ 2x = 0 AG

Note: The AG line must be seen to award the final M1 mark.

[2 marks]

(b) Find the eigenvalues of the system of coupled first order equations given in part (a). [3]

Markscheme

0 1
the relevant matrix is ( ) (M1)
−2 −3

−3 −2
Note: ( ) is also possible.
1 0
 (this has characteristic equation) −λ(−3 − λ) + 2 = 0 (A1)

λ = −1, − 2 A1

[3 marks]

(c) Hence find the exact solution of the second order differential equation. [5]

Markscheme

EITHER

the general solution is x = Ae

−t
+ Be
−2t
M1

Note: Must have constants, but condone sign error for the M1.

so dx

dt
= −Ae
−t
− 2Be
−2t
M1A1

OR

attempt to find eigenvectors (M1)

1 1
respective eigenvectors are ( ) and ( ) (or any multiple)
−1 −2

x 1 1
( ) = Ae
−t
( ) + Be
−2t
( ) (M1)A1
y −1 −2

THEN

the initial conditions become:

0 = A + B

1 = −A − 2B M1

this is solved by A = 1, B = −1

so the solution is x = e
−t
− e
−2t
A1
 [5 marks]

(d) Sketch the graph of x against t, labelling the maximum point of the graph with its
coordinates. [2]

Markscheme

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct shape (needs to go through origin, have asymptote at y = 0 and a single
maximum; condone x < 0). Award A1 for correct coordinates of maximum.

[2 marks]

If the mercury levels are greater than 0. 1 micrograms per litre, fishing in the river is considered unsafe and is
stopped.

(e) Use the model to calculate the total amount of time when fishing should be stopped. [3]

Markscheme

intersecting graph with y = 0. 1 (M1)

so the time fishing is stopped between 2. 1830 … and 0. 11957 … (A1)

= 2. 06 (343 …) days A1

[3 marks]
The river authority decides to stop people from fishing in the river for 10% longer than the time found from
the model.

(f ) Write down one reason, with reference to the context, to support this decision. [1]

Markscheme

Any reasonable answer. For example:

There are greater downsides to allowing fishing when the levels may be dangerous than preventing
fishing when the levels are safe.

The concentration of mercury may not be uniform across the river due to natural variation /
randomness.

The situation at the power plant might get worse.

Mercury levels are low in water but still may be high in fish. R1

Note: Award R1 for a reasonable answer that refers to this specific context (and not a generic response
that could apply to any model).

[1 mark]
38. [Maximum mark: 21] 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.6
At an archery tournament, a particular competition sees a ball launched into the air while an archer attempts
to hit it with an arrow.

The path of the ball is modelled by the equation

x 5 ux
( ) = ( ) + t( )
y 0 u y − 5t

where x is the horizontal displacement from the archer and y is the vertical displacement from the ground,
both measured in metres, and t is the time, in seconds, since the ball was launched.

ux is the horizontal component of the initial velocity

uy is the vertical component of the initial velocity.

In this question both the ball and the arrow are modelled as single points. The ball is launched with an initial
velocity such that u = 8 and u = 10.
x y

(a.i) Find the initial speed of the ball. [2]

Markscheme

√ 10 2 + 8 2 (M1)

= 12. 8 (12. 8062 … , √ 164) (m s

−1
) A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Find the angle of elevation of the ball as it is launched. [2]

Markscheme

tan
−1
(
10

8
) (M1)

= 0. 896 OR 51. 3 (0. 896055 … OR 51. 3401 …° ) A1

Note: Accept 0. 897 or 51. 4 from use of arcsin( 10

12.8
) .

[2 marks]

(b) Find the maximum height reached by the ball. [3]

 Markscheme

y = t(10 − 5t) (M1)

Note: The M1 might be implied by a correct graph or use of the correct equation.

METHOD 1 – graphical Method

sketch graph (M1)

Note: The M1 might be implied by correct graph or correct maximum (eg t = 1 ).

max occurs when y = 5m A1

METHOD 2 – calculus

differentiating and equating to zero (M1)

dy
= 10 − 10t = 0
dt

t = 1

y(= 1(10 − 5)) = 5 m A1

METHOD 3 – symmetry

line of symmetry is t = 1 (M1)

y(= 1(10 − 5)) = 5 m A1

[3 marks]

(c) Assuming that the ground is horizontal and the ball is not hit by the arrow, find the x
coordinate of the point where the ball lands. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to solve t(10 − 5t) = 0 (M1)

t = 2 (or t = 0 ) (A1)
 x (= 5 + 8 × 2) = 21 m A1

Note: Do not award the final A1 if x = 5 is also seen.

[3 marks]

(d) For the path of the ball, find an expression for y in terms of x. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

t =
x−5

8
M1A1

y = (
x−5

8
)(10 − 5 ×
x−5

8
) A1

METHOD 2

y = k(x − 5)(x − 21) A1

when x = 13, y = 5 so k =
5

(13−5)(13−21)
= −
5

64
M1A1

5
(y = − (x − 5)(x − 21))
64

METHOD 3

if y = ax
2
+ bx + c

0 = 25a + 5b + c

5 = 169a + 13b + c

0 = 441a + 21b + c M1A1

solving simultaneously, a = −
5

64
, b =
130

64
, c = −
525

64
A1

(y = −
5
64
x
2
+
130
64
x −
525
64
)

METHOD 4

use quadratic regression on (5, 0), (13, 5), (21, 0) M1A1

y = −
5

64
x
2
+
130

64
x −
525

64
A1
 Note: Question asks for expression; condone omission of "y = ".

[3 marks]

An archer releases an arrow from the point (0, 2). The arrow is modelled as travelling in a straight line, in the
same plane as the ball, with speed 60 m s and an angle of elevation of 10°.
−1

(e) Determine the two positions where the path of the arrow intersects the path of the ball. [4]

Markscheme

trajectory of arrow is y = x tan 10 + 2 (A1)

intersecting y = x tan 10 + 2 and their answer to (d) (M1)

(8. 66, 3. 53) ((8. 65705 … , 3. 52647 …)) A1

(15. 1, 4. 66) ((15. 0859 … , 4. 66006 …)) A1

[4 marks]

(f ) Determine the time when the arrow should be released to hit the ball before the
ball reaches its maximum height. [4]

Markscheme

when x target = 8. 65705 … , t target =

8.65705…−5

8
= 0. 457132 … s (A1)

attempt to find the distance from point of release to intersection (M1)

2
√ 8. 65705 … 2 + (3. 52647 … − 2) (= 8. 79060 … m)

time for arrow to get there is 8.79060…

60
= 0. 146510 … s (A1)

so the arrow should be released when

t = 0. 311 (s) (0. 310622 … (s)) A1

[4 marks]
39. [Maximum mark: 7] 21N.1.SL.TZ0.5
Let the function h(x) represent the height in centimetres of a cylindrical tin can with diameter x cm.

h(x) =
640

x
2
+ 0. 5 for 4 ≤ x ≤ 14 .

(a) Find the range of h. [3]

Markscheme

h(4) =
640

42
+ 0. 5 OR h(14) =
640
2
+ 0. 5 (M1)
14

Note: Award (M1) for substituting 4 or 14 into h. This can be implicit from seeing 3. 77 (3. 76530 …) or
40. 5.

3. 77 ≤ h(x) ≤ 40. 5 (3. 76530 … ≤ h(x) ≤ 40. 5) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for both correct endpoints seen, A1 for the endpoints in a correct interval.

[3 marks]

The function h −1
is the inverse function of h.

(b.i) Find h −1
(10) . [2]

Markscheme

h(x) = 10 OR h
−1
(x) = √
640

x−0.5
OR h
−1
(10) = √
640

10−0.5
(M1)

(x =) 8. 21 cm (8. 20782 …) A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) In the context of the question, interpret your answer to part (b)(i). [1]

Markscheme

a tin that is 10 cm high will have a diameter of 8. 21 cm (8. 20782. . . ) A1

 Note: Condone a correct answer expressed as the converse.

[1 mark]

(b.iii) Write down the range of h −1

. [1]

Markscheme

4 ≤ h
−1
≤ 14 A1

Note: Accept 4 ≤ y ≤ 14 . Do not FT in this part.

[1 mark]
40. [Maximum mark: 6] 21N.1.SL.TZ0.4
Dilara is designing a kite ABCD on a set of coordinate axes in which one unit represents 10 cm.

The coordinates of A, B and C are (2, 0), (0, 4) and (4, 6) respectively. Point D lies on the x-axis. [AC] is
perpendicular to [BD]. This information is shown in the following diagram.

(a) Find the gradient of the line through A and C. [2]

Markscheme

m =
6−0

4−2
= 3 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(b) Write down the gradient of the line through B and D. [1]

Markscheme

(m =) −
1

3
(−0. 333, − 0. 333333 …) A1

[1 mark]

(c) Find the equation of the line through B and D. Give your answer in the form
ax + by + d = 0, where a, b and d are integers. [2]

Markscheme

an equation of line with a correct intercept and either of their gradients from (a) or (b) (M1)

e.g. y = −
1

3
x + 4 OR y − 4 = −
1

3
(x − 0)
 Note: Award (M1) for substituting either of their gradients from parts (a) or (b) and point B or (3, 3) into
equation of a line.

x + 3y − 12 = 0 or any integer multiple A1

[2 marks]

(d) Write down the x-coordinate of point D. [1]

Markscheme

(x =) 12 A1

[1 mark]
41. [Maximum mark: 4] 21N.1.AHL.TZ0.10
The graph of y = f (x) is given on the following set of axes. The graph passes through the points (−2, 6)
and (0, 1), and has a horizontal asymptote at y = 0.

Let g(x) = 2f (x − 2) + 4 .

(a) Find g(0). [2]

Markscheme

g(0) = 16 M1A1

[2 marks]

(b) On the same set of axes draw the graph of y , showing any intercepts
= g(x)

and asymptotes. [2]

Markscheme
y-asymptote (y = 4) A1

concave up decreasing curve and passing through (0, 16) A1

[2 marks]
42. [Maximum mark: 20] 21N.2.SL.TZ0.3
A wind turbine is designed so that the rotation of the blades generates electricity. The turbine is built on
horizontal ground and is made up of a vertical tower and three blades.

The point A is on the base of the tower directly below point B at the top of the tower. The height of the
tower, AB, is 90 m. The blades of the turbine are centred at B and are each of length 40 m. This is shown in
the following diagram.

The end of one of the blades of the turbine is represented by point C on the diagram. Let h be the height of
C above the ground, measured in metres, where h varies as the blade rotates.

Find the

(a.i) maximum value of h. [1]

Markscheme

maximum h = 130 metres A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) minimum value of h. [1]

Markscheme
 minimum h = 50 metres A1

[1 mark]

The blades of the turbine complete 12 rotations per minute under normal conditions, moving at a constant
rate.

(b.i) Find the time, in seconds, it takes for the blade [BC] to make one complete rotation under
these conditions. [1]

Markscheme

(60 ÷ 12 =) 5 seconds A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Calculate the angle, in degrees, that the blade [BC] turns through in one second. [2]

Markscheme

360 ÷ 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 360 divided by their time for one revolution.

= 72° A1

[2 marks]

The height, h, of point C can be modelled by the following function. Time, t, is measured from the instant
when the blade [BC] first passes [AB] and is measured in seconds.

h(t) = 90 − 40 cos(72t°), t ≥ 0

(c.i) Write down the amplitude of the function. [1]

Markscheme

(amplitude =) 40 A1
 [1 mark]

(c.ii) Find the period of the function. [1]

Markscheme

(period = 360

72
= ) 5 A1

[1 mark]

(d) Sketch the function h(t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 , clearly labelling the coordinates of the
maximum and minimum points. [3]

Markscheme

Maximum point labelled with correct coordinates. A1

At least one minimum point labelled. Coordinates seen for any minimum points must be correct. A1

Correct shape with an attempt at symmetry and “concave up" evident as it approaches the minimum
points. Graph must be drawn in the given domain. A1

[3 marks]

(e.i) Find the height of C above the ground when t = 2 . [2]

 Markscheme

h = 90 − 40 cos(144°) (M1)

(h =) 122 m (122. 3606 …) A1

[2 marks]

(e.ii) Find the time, in seconds, that point C is above a height of 100 m, during each complete
rotation. [3]

Markscheme

evidence of h = 100 on graph OR 100 = 90 − 40 cos(72t) (M1)

t coordinates 3. 55 (3. 54892. . . ) OR 1. 45 (1. 45107. . . ) or equivalent (A1)

Note: Award A1 for either t-coordinate seen.

= 2. 10 seconds (2. 09784 …) A1

[3 marks]

Looking through his window, Tim has a partial view of the rotating wind turbine. The position of his window
means that he cannot see any part of the wind turbine that is more than 100 m above the ground. This is
illustrated in the following diagram.
(f.i) At any given instant, find the probability that point C is visible from Tim’s window. [3]

Markscheme

5 − 2. 09784 … (M1)

(2.902153…)

5
(M1)

0. 580 (0. 580430 …) A1

[3 marks]

(f.ii) The wind speed increases. The blades rotate at twice the speed, but still at a constant rate.

At any given instant, find the probability that Tim can see point C from his window. Justify
your answer. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

changing the frequency/dilation of the graph will not change the proportion of time that point C is
visible. A1

0. 580 (0. 580430. . . ) A1

METHOD 2

correct calculation of relevant found values

(2.902153…)/2

5/2
A1

0. 580 (0. 580430. . . ) A1

Note: Award A0A1 for an unsupported correct probability.

[2 marks]
43. [Maximum mark: 20] 21N.2.AHL.TZ0.2
A wind turbine is designed so that the rotation of the blades generates electricity. The turbine is built on
horizontal ground and is made up of a vertical tower and three blades.

The point A is on the base of the tower directly below point B at the top of the tower. The height of the
tower, AB, is 90 m. The blades of the turbine are centred at B and are each of length 40 m. This is shown in
the following diagram.

The end of one of the blades of the turbine is represented by point C on the diagram. Let h be the height of
C above the ground, measured in metres, where h varies as the blade rotates.

Find the

(a.i) maximum value of h. [1]

Markscheme

maximum h = 130 metres A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) minimum value of h. [1]

Markscheme
 minimum h = 50 metres A1

[1 mark]

The blades of the turbine complete 12 rotations per minute under normal conditions, moving at a constant
rate.

(b.i) Find the time, in seconds, it takes for the blade [BC] to make one complete rotation under
these conditions. [1]

Markscheme

(60 ÷ 12 =) 5 seconds A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Calculate the angle, in degrees, that the blade [BC] turns through in one second. [2]

Markscheme

360 ÷ 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 360 divided by their time for one revolution.

= 72° A1

[2 marks]

The height, h, of point C can be modelled by the following function. Time, t, is measured from the instant
when the blade [BC] first passes [AB] and is measured in seconds.

h(t) = 90 − 40 cos(72t°), t ≥ 0

(c.i) Write down the amplitude of the function. [1]

Markscheme

(amplitude =) 40 A1
 [1 mark]

(c.ii) Find the period of the function. [1]

Markscheme

(period = 360

72
= ) 5 A1

[1 mark]

(d) Sketch the function h(t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 , clearly labelling the coordinates of the
maximum and minimum points. [3]

Markscheme

Maximum point labelled with correct coordinates. A1

At least one minimum point labelled. Coordinates seen for any minimum points must be correct. A1

Correct shape with an attempt at symmetry and “concave up" evident as it approaches the minimum
points. Graph must be drawn in the given domain. A1

[3 marks]

(e.i) Find the height of C above the ground when t = 2 . [2]

 Markscheme

h = 90 − 40 cos(144°) (M1)

(h =) 122 (m) (122. 3606 …) A1

[2 marks]

(e.ii) Find the time, in seconds, that point C is above a height of 100 m, during each complete
rotation. [3]

Markscheme

evidence of h = 100 on graph OR 100 = 90 − 40 cos(72t) (M1)

t coordinates 3. 55 (3. 54892. . . ) OR 1. 45 (1. 45107. . . ) or equivalent (A1)

Note: Award A1 for either t-coordinate seen.

= 2. 10 seconds (2. 09784 …) A1

[3 marks]

(f ) The wind speed increases and the blades rotate faster, but still at a constant rate.

Given that point C is now higher than 110 m for 1 second during each complete
rotation, find the time for one complete rotation. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

90 − 40 cos(at°) = 110 (M1)

cos(at°) = −0. 5

at°= 120, 240 (A1)

1 =
240

a
−
120

a
(M1)

a = 120 (A1)

period = 360

120
= 3 seconds A1
METHOD 2

attempt at diagram (M1)

cos α =
20

40
(or recognizing special triangle) (M1)

angle made by C, 2α = 120° (A1)

one third of a revolution in 1 second (M1)

hence one revolution = 3 seconds A1

METHOD 3

considering h(t) = 110 on original function (M1)

t =
5
3
or 10
3
(A1)

10

3
−
5

3
=
5

3
(A1)

Note: Accept t = 1. 67 or equivalent.

so period is 3

5
of original period (R1)

so new period is 3 seconds A1

[5 marks]
44. [Maximum mark: 20] 21N.2.AHL.TZ0.2
A wind turbine is designed so that the rotation of the blades generates electricity. The turbine is built on
horizontal ground and is made up of a vertical tower and three blades.

The point A is on the base of the tower directly below point B at the top of the tower. The height of the
tower, AB, is 90 m. The blades of the turbine are centred at B and are each of length 40 m. This is shown in
the following diagram.

The end of one of the blades of the turbine is represented by point C on the diagram. Let h be the height of
C above the ground, measured in metres, where h varies as the blade rotates.

Find the

(a.i) maximum value of h. [1]

Markscheme

maximum h = 130 metres A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) minimum value of h. [1]

Markscheme
 minimum h = 50 metres A1

[1 mark]

The blades of the turbine complete 12 rotations per minute under normal conditions, moving at a constant
rate.

(b.i) Find the time, in seconds, it takes for the blade [BC] to make one complete rotation under
these conditions. [1]

Markscheme

(60 ÷ 12 =) 5 seconds A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Calculate the angle, in degrees, that the blade [BC] turns through in one second. [2]

Markscheme

360 ÷ 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 360 divided by their time for one revolution.

= 72° A1

[2 marks]

The height, h, of point C can be modelled by the following function. Time, t, is measured from the instant
when the blade [BC] first passes [AB] and is measured in seconds.

h(t) = 90 − 40 cos(72t°), t ≥ 0

(c.i) Write down the amplitude of the function. [1]

Markscheme

(amplitude =) 40 A1
 [1 mark]

(c.ii) Find the period of the function. [1]

Markscheme

(period = 360

72
= ) 5 A1

[1 mark]

(d) Sketch the function h(t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 , clearly labelling the coordinates of the
maximum and minimum points. [3]

Markscheme

Maximum point labelled with correct coordinates. A1

At least one minimum point labelled. Coordinates seen for any minimum points must be correct. A1

Correct shape with an attempt at symmetry and “concave up" evident as it approaches the minimum
points. Graph must be drawn in the given domain. A1

[3 marks]

(e.i) Find the height of C above the ground when t = 2 . [2]

 Markscheme

h = 90 − 40 cos(144°) (M1)

(h =) 122 (m) (122. 3606 …) A1

[2 marks]

(e.ii) Find the time, in seconds, that point C is above a height of 100 m, during each complete
rotation. [3]

Markscheme

evidence of h = 100 on graph OR 100 = 90 − 40 cos(72t) (M1)

t coordinates 3. 55 (3. 54892. . . ) OR 1. 45 (1. 45107. . . ) or equivalent (A1)

Note: Award A1 for either t-coordinate seen.

= 2. 10 seconds (2. 09784 …) A1

[3 marks]

(f ) The wind speed increases and the blades rotate faster, but still at a constant rate.

Given that point C is now higher than 110 m for 1 second during each complete
rotation, find the time for one complete rotation. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

90 − 40 cos(at°) = 110 (M1)

cos(at°) = −0. 5

at°= 120, 240 (A1)

1 =
240

a
−
120

a
(M1)

a = 120 (A1)

period = 360

120
= 3 seconds A1
METHOD 2

attempt at diagram (M1)

cos α =
20

40
(or recognizing special triangle) (M1)

angle made by C, 2α = 120° (A1)

one third of a revolution in 1 second (M1)

hence one revolution = 3 seconds A1

METHOD 3

considering h(t) = 110 on original function (M1)

t =
5
3
or 10
3
(A1)

10

3
−
5

3
=
5

3
(A1)

Note: Accept t = 1. 67 or equivalent.

so period is 3

5
of original period (R1)

so new period is 3 seconds A1

[5 marks]
45. [Maximum mark: 7] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.4
The price of gas at Leon’s gas station is $1. 50 per litre. If a customer buys a minimum of 10 litres, a discount
of $5 is applied.

This can be modelled by the following function, L, which gives the total cost when buying a minimum of 10
litres at Leon’s gas station.

L(x) = 1. 50x − 5, x ≥ 10

where x is the number of litres of gas that a customer buys.

(a) Find the total cost of buying 40 litres of gas at Leon’s gas station. [2]

Markscheme

L(40) = 1. 50 × 40 − 5 (M1)

= $55 A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find L −1
(70) . [2]

Markscheme

70 = 1. 50x − 5 (M1)

(x =) 50 litres A1

[2 marks]

(c) The price of gas at Erica’s gas station is $1. 30 per litre. A customer must buy a minimum of
10 litres of gas. The total cost at Erica’s gas station is cheaper than Leon’s gas station when

x > k.

Find the minimum value of k. [3]

Markscheme

1. 30x (A1)

1. 30x < 1. 50x − 5 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for a graph showing two intersecting linear functions, provided one function has a y-
intercept of 0 and the other function has a negative y-intercept.

(minimum value of k = 25) A1

Note: Accept x > 25 .

[3 marks]
46. [Maximum mark: 6] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.11
If a shark is spotted near to Brighton beach, a lifeguard will activate a siren to warn swimmers.

The sound intensity, I , of the siren varies inversely with the square of the distance, d, from the siren, where
d > 0.

It is known that at a distance of 1. 5 metres from the siren, the sound intensity is 4 watts per square metre (
Wm
−2
).

(a) Show that I =

9

d2
. [2]

Markscheme

I =
k

d
2
(M1)

4 =
1.5 2
k
M1

I =
d
9
2
AG

Note: The AG line must be seen for the second M1 to be awarded.

Award no marks for substituting 1. 5 and 4 into I =
9

d
2
(i.e., working backwards).

[2 marks]

(b) Sketch the curve of I on the axes below showing clearly the point (1. 5, 4).
 [2]

Markscheme

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct general shape (concave up) with no I -intercept, passing through the marked
point (1. 5, 4); the point must be labelled with either the coordinates or the values 1. 5 and 4 on the x
and y axes. Award A1 for the curve showing asymptotic behavior (i.e. I tends to 0, as d tends to infinity),
extending to at least d = 6; the curve must not cross nor veer away from the horizontal asymptote.

[2 marks]

(c) Whilst swimming, Scarlett can hear the siren only if the sound intensity at her location
is greater than 1. 5 × 10 −6
Wm
−2
.
 Find the values of d where Scarlett cannot hear the siren. [2]

Markscheme

1. 5 × 10
−6
≥
9

d
2
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a correct inequality.

d ≥ 2450 (m) (2449. 48 …) A1

Note: Award A0 for d = 2450 .

[2 marks]
47. [Maximum mark: 8] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.8
Charlie and Daniella each began a fitness programme. On day one, they both ran 500 m. On each subsequent
day, Charlie ran 100 m more than the previous day whereas Daniella increased her distance by 2% of the
distance ran on the previous day.

Calculate how far

(a.i) Charlie ran on day 20 of his fitness programme. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find u 20 using an arithmetic sequence (M1)

e.g. u 1 = 500 and d = 100 OR u 20 = 500 + 1900 OR 500, 600, 700, …

(Charlie ran) 2400 m A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Daniella ran on day 20 of her fitness programme. [3]

Markscheme

(r =) 1. 02 (A1)

attempt to find u 20 using a geometric sequence (M1)

e.g. u 1 = 500 and a value for r OR 500 × r

19
OR 500, 510, 520. 2, …

(Daniella ran) 728 m (728. 405 …) A1

[3 marks]

(b) On day n of the fitness programmes Daniella runs more than Charlie for the first time.

Find the value of n. [3]

Markscheme

500 × 1. 02
n−1
> 500 + (n − 1) × 100 (M1)

attempt to solve inequality (M1)

n > 184. 215 …

n = 185 A1

[3 marks]
48. [Maximum mark: 5] 21M.1.SL.TZ2.7
A function is defined by f (x) = 2 −
x+5
12
for −7 ≤ x ≤ 7, x ≠ −5 .

(a) Find the range of f . [3]

Markscheme

(f (−7) =) 8 and (f (7) =) 1 (A1)

range is f (x) ≤ 1, f (x) ≥ 8 A1A1

Note: Award at most A1A1A0 if strict inequalities are used.

[3 marks]

(b) Find the value of f −1

(0) . [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

sketch of f and y = 0 or sketch of f −1

and x = 0 (M1)

OR

finding the correct expression of f −1

(x) =
−2−5x

x−2
(M1)

OR

−2−5(0)
f
−1
(0) =
0−2
(M1)

OR

f (x) = 0 (M1)

THEN

f
−1
(0) = 1 A1

[2 marks]
49. [Maximum mark: 7] 21M.1.AHL.TZ1.17
a
The graph of the function f (x) = ln x is translated by ( ) so that it then passes through
b

the points (0, 1) and (e 3

, 1 + ln 2) .

Find the value of a and the value of b. [7]

Markscheme

new function is f (x − a) + b(= ln(x − a) + b) (M1)

f (0) = ln(−a) + b = 1 A1

3
f (e ) = ln(e
3
− a) + b = 1 + ln 2 A1

ln(−a) = ln(e
3
− a) − ln 2 (M1)

3
e −a
ln(−a) = ln( )
2

3
e −a
−a =
2

3
−2a = e − a

a = −e
3
(= −20. 0855 …) A1

b = 1 − ln e
3
= 1 − 3 = −2 (M1)A1

[7 marks]
50. [Maximum mark: 7] 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.2
A function is defined by f (x) = 2 −
x+5
12
for −7 ≤ x ≤ 7, x ≠ −5 .

(a) Find the range of f . [3]

Markscheme

(f (−7) =) 8 and (f (7) =) 1 (A1)

range is f (x) ≤ 1, f (x) ≥ 8 A1A1

Note: Award at most A1A1A0 if strict inequalities are used.

[3 marks]

(b) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1

(x) . The domain is not required. [3]

Markscheme

interchanging x, y at any stage (A1)

12
y = 2 −
x+5

12
= 2 − y
x+5

12

2−y
= x + 5 (A1)

12
− 5 = x
2−y

( f
−1
(x) =)
12

2−x
− 5 (=
2+5x

2−x
) A1

[3 marks]

(c) Write down the range of f

−1
(x) . [1]

Markscheme

range is −7 ≤ f
−1
(x) ≤ 7, f
−1
(x) ≠ −5 A1

[1 mark]
51. [Maximum mark: 5] 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.5
Roger buys a new laptop for himself at a cost of £495. At the same time, he buys his daughter Chloe a higher
specification laptop at a cost of £2200.

It is anticipated that Roger’s laptop will depreciate at a rate of 10% per year, whereas Chloe’s laptop will
depreciate at a rate of 15% per year.

(a) Estimate the value of Roger’s laptop after 5 years. [2]

Markscheme

£495 × 0. 9
5
= £292 (£292. 292 …) (M1)A1

[2 marks]

Roger and Chloe’s laptops will have the same value k years after they were purchased.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

£495 × 0. 9
k
= 2200 × 0. 85
k
(M1)

k = 26. 1 (26. 0968 …) A1

Note: Award M1A0 for k − 1 in place of k.

[2 marks]

(c) Comment on the validity of your answer to part (b). [1]

Markscheme

depreciation rates unlikely to be constant (especially over a long time period) R1

Note: Accept reasonable answers based on the magnitude of k or the fact that “value” depends on
factors other than time.

[1 mark]
52. [Maximum mark: 7] 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.2
A function is defined by f (x) = 2 −
x+5
12
for −7 ≤ x ≤ 7, x ≠ −5 .

(a) Find the range of f . [3]

Markscheme

(f (−7) =) 8 and (f (7) =) 1 (A1)

range is f (x) ≤ 1, f (x) ≥ 8 A1A1

Note: Award at most A1A1A0 if strict inequalities are used.

[3 marks]

(b) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1

(x) . The domain is not required. [3]

Markscheme

interchanging x, y at any stage (A1)

12
y = 2 −
x+5

12
= 2 − y
x+5

12

2−y
= x + 5 (A1)

12
− 5 = x
2−y

( f
−1
(x) =)
12

2−x
− 5 (=
2+5x

2−x
) A1

[3 marks]

(c) Write down the range of f

−1
(x) . [1]

Markscheme

range is −7 ≤ f
−1
(x) ≤ 7, f
−1
(x) ≠ −5 A1

[1 mark]
53. [Maximum mark: 5] 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.5
Roger buys a new laptop for himself at a cost of £495. At the same time, he buys his daughter Chloe a higher
specification laptop at a cost of £2200.

It is anticipated that Roger’s laptop will depreciate at a rate of 10% per year, whereas Chloe’s laptop will
depreciate at a rate of 15% per year.

(a) Estimate the value of Roger’s laptop after 5 years. [2]

Markscheme

£495 × 0. 9
5
= £292 (£292. 292 …) (M1)A1

[2 marks]

Roger and Chloe’s laptops will have the same value k years after they were purchased.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

£495 × 0. 9
k
= 2200 × 0. 85
k
(M1)

k = 26. 1 (26. 0968 …) A1

Note: Award M1A0 for k − 1 in place of k.

[2 marks]

(c) Comment on the validity of your answer to part (b). [1]

Markscheme

depreciation rates unlikely to be constant (especially over a long time period) R1

Note: Accept reasonable answers based on the magnitude of k or the fact that “value” depends on
factors other than time.

[1 mark]
54. [Maximum mark: 17] 21M.2.SL.TZ1.2
The diagram below shows a circular clockface with centre O. The clock’s minute hand has a length of 10 cm.
The clock’s hour hand has a length of 6 cm.

At 4 : 00 pm the endpoint of the minute hand is at point A and the endpoint of the hour hand is at point B.

(a) Find the size of angle AÔB in degrees. [2]

Markscheme

4 ×
360°

12
OR 4 × 30° (M1)

120° A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the distance between points A and B. [3]

Markscheme

substitution in cosine rule (M1)

AB
2
= 10
2
+ 6
2
− 2 × 10 × 6 × cos(120°) (A1)

AB = 14 cm A1

Note: Follow through marks in part (b) are contingent on working seen.

[3 marks]
Between 4 : 00 pm and 4 : 13 pm, the endpoint of the minute hand rotates through an angle, θ, from point
A to point C. This is illustrated in the diagram.

(c) Find the size of angle θ in degrees. [2]

Markscheme

θ = 13 × 6 (M1)

= 78° A1

[2 marks]

(d) Calculate the length of arc AC. [2]

Markscheme

substitution into the formula for arc length (M1)

π
π × 10 OR
78 13
l = × 2 × l = × 10
360 30

π
A1
13
= 13. 6 cm (13. 6135 … , 4. 33 π, 3
)

[2 marks]

(e) Calculate the area of the shaded sector, AOC. [2]

Markscheme

substitution into the area of a sector (M1)

 π
π × 10 OR
78 2 1 13 2
A = × l = × × 10
360 2 30

π
A1
65
= 68. 1 cm
2
(68. 0678 … , 21. 7 π, 3
)

[2 marks]

A second clock is illustrated in the diagram below. The clock face has radius 10 cm with minute and hour
hands both of length 10 cm. The time shown is 6 : 00 am. The bottom of the clock face is located 3 cm above
a horizontal bookshelf.

(f ) Write down the height of the endpoint of the minute hand above the bookshelf at 6 : 00

am. [1]

Markscheme

23 A1

[1 mark]

The height, h centimetres, of the endpoint of the minute hand above the bookshelf is modelled by the
function

h(θ) = 10 cos θ + 13, θ ≥ 0,

where θ is the angle rotated by the minute hand from 6 : 00 am.

(g) Find the value of h when θ = 160° . [2]

Markscheme
 correct substitution (M1)

h = 10 cos(160°) + 13

= 3. 60 cm (3. 60307 …) A1

[2 marks]

The height, g centimetres, of the endpoint of the hour hand above the bookshelf is modelled by the function

θ
g(θ) = −10 cos( ) + 13, θ ≥ 0,
12

where θ is the angle in degrees rotated by the minute hand from 6 : 00 am.

(h) Write down the amplitude of g(θ). [1]

Markscheme

10 A1

[1 mark]

(i) The endpoints of the minute hand and hour hand meet when θ = k .

Find the smallest possible value of k. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

10 × cos(θ) + 13 = −10 × cos(

θ
12
) + 13 (M1)

OR

(M1)

Note: Award M1 for equating the functions. Accept a sketch of h(θ) and g(θ) with point(s) of
intersection marked.
THEN

k = 196° (196. 363 …) A1

Note: The answer 166. 153 … is incorrect but the correct method is implicit. Award (M1)A0.

[2 marks]
55. [Maximum mark: 16] 21M.2.SL.TZ2.5
A hollow chocolate box is manufactured in the form of a right prism with a regular hexagonal base. The
height of the prism is h cm, and the top and base of the prism have sides of length x cm.

(a) Given that sin 60°=

√3
, show that the area of the base of the box is equal to 3√ 3x
2

. [2]
2 2

Markscheme

evidence of splitting diagram into equilateral triangles M1

area = 6(
1

2
x
2
sin 60°) A1

2
3√ 3x
=
2
AG

Note: The AG line must be seen for the final A1 to be awarded.

[2 marks]

(b) Given that the total external surface area of the box is 1200 cm , show that the volume of
2

the box may be expressed as V = 300√ 3x −

9

4
x
3
. [5]

Markscheme
 total surface area of prism 1200 = 2(3x
2 √3
2
) + 6xh M1A1

Note: Award M1 for expressing total surface areas as a sum of areas of rectangles and hexagons, and A1
for a correctly substituted formula, equated to 1200.

2
400−√ 3x
h =
2x
A1

volume of prism = 3√ 3

2
x
2
× h (M1)

=
3√ 3

2
2
x (
400−√ 3x

2x
) A1

= 300√ 3x −
9

4
x
3
AG

Note: The AG line must be seen for the final A1 to be awarded.

[5 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of V = 300√ 3x −

9

4
x
3
, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 16 . [2]

Markscheme

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct shape, A1 for roots in correct place with some indication of scale (indicated by
a labelled point).

[2 marks]
(d) Find an expression for dV

dx
. [2]

Markscheme

dV

dx
= 300√ 3 −
27

4
x
2
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for a correct term.

[2 marks]

(e) Find the value of x which maximizes the volume of the box. [2]

Markscheme

from the graph of V or dV

dx
OR solving dV

dx
= 0 (M1)

x = 8. 88 (8. 877382 …) A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Hence, or otherwise, find the maximum possible volume of the box. [2]

Markscheme

from the graph of V OR substituting their value for x into V (M1)

V max = 3040 cm
3
(3039. 34 …) A1

[2 marks]

(g) The box will contain spherical chocolates. The production manager assumes that they
can calculate the exact number of chocolates in each box by dividing the volume of the box
by the volume of a single chocolate and then rounding down to the nearest integer.

Explain why the production manager is incorrect. [1]

Markscheme

EITHER
wasted space / spheres do not pack densely (tesselate) A1

OR
the model uses exterior values / assumes infinite thinness of materials and hence the modelled volume
is not the true volume A1

[1 mark]
56. [Maximum mark: 16] 21M.2.SL.TZ2.3
A new concert hall was built with 14 seats in the first row. Each subsequent row of the hall has two more seats
than the previous row. The hall has a total of 20 rows.

Find:

(a.i) the number of seats in the last row. [3]

Markscheme

recognition of arithmetic sequence with common difference 2 (M1)

use of arithmetic sequence formula (M1)

14 + 2(20 − 1)

52 A1

[3 marks]

(a.ii) the total number of seats in the concert hall. [2]

Markscheme

use of arithmetic series formula (M1)

14+52
× 20
2

660 A1

[2 marks]

The concert hall opened in 2019. The average number of visitors per concert during that year was 584. In
2020, the average number of visitors per concert increased by 1. 2%.

(b) Find the average number of visitors per concert in 2020. [2]

Markscheme

OR (M1)
1
584 + (584 × 0. 012) 584 × (1. 012)

591 (591. 008) A1

 Note: Award M0A0 if incorrect r used in part (b), and FT with their r in parts (c) and (d).

[2 marks]

The concert organizers use this data to model future numbers of visitors. It is assumed that the average
number of visitors per concert will continue to increase each year by 1. 2%.

(c) Determine the first year in which this model predicts the average number of visitors
per concert will exceed the total seating capacity of the concert hall. [5]

Markscheme

recognition of geometric sequence (M1)

equating their nth geometric sequence term to their 660 (M1)

Note: Accept inequality.

METHOD 1

EITHER

A1
x−1
600 = 584 × (1. 012)

(x − 1 =) 10. 3 (10. 2559 …)

x = 11. 3 (11. 2559 …) A1

2030 A1

OR

A1
x
600 = 584 × (1. 012)

x = 10. 3 (10. 2559 …) A1

2030 A1

METHOD 2

11th term 658 (657. 987 …) (M1)A1

12th term 666 (666. 883 …) (M1)A1

 2030 A1

Note: The last mark can be awarded if both their 11th and 12th correct terms are seen.

[5 marks]

(d) It is assumed that the concert hall will host 50 concerts each year.

Use the average number of visitors per concert per year to predict the total number
of people expected to attend the concert hall from when it opens until the end of 2025. [4]

Markscheme

7 seen (A1)

EITHER

584(
1.012 −1

1.012−1
) (M1)

multiplying their sum by 50 (M1)

OR

sum of the number of visitors for their r and their seven years (M1)

multiplying their sum by 50 (M1)

OR

29 200(
1.012 −1

1.012−1
) (M1)(M1)

THEN

212000 (211907. 3 …) A1

Note: Follow though from their r from part (b).

[4 marks]
57. [Maximum mark: 14] 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.4
Charlotte decides to model the shape of a cupcake to calculate its volume.

From rotating a photograph of her cupcake she estimates that its cross-section passes through the points
(0, 3. 5), (4, 6), (6. 5, 4), (7, 3) and (7. 5, 0), where all units are in centimetres. The cross-section is

symmetrical in the x-axis, as shown below:

She models the section from (0, 3. 5) to (4, 6) as a straight line.

(a) Find the equation of the line passing through these two points. [2]

Markscheme

y =
5

8
x +
7

2
(y = 0. 625x + 3. 5) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for 0. 625x, A1 for 3. 5.

 Award a maximum of A0A1 if not part of an equation.

[2 marks]

Charlotte models the section of the cupcake that passes through the points (4, 6), (6. 5, 4), (7, 3) and
(7. 5, 0) with a quadratic curve.

(b.i) Find the equation of the least squares regression quadratic curve for these four points. [2]

Markscheme

y = −0. 975x
2
+ 9. 56x − 16. 7 (M1)A1

2
(y = −0. 974630x + 9. 55919x − 16. 6569 …)

[2 marks]

(b.ii) By considering the gradient of this curve when x = 4 , explain why it may not be a good
model. [1]

Markscheme

gradient of curve is positive at x = 4 R1

Note: Accept a sensible rationale that refers to the gradient.

[1 mark]

Charlotte thinks that a quadratic with a maximum point at (4, 6) and that passes through the point (7. 5, 0)

would be a better fit.

(c) Find the equation of the new model. [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

let y = ax
2
+ bx + c

differentiating or using x =
−b

2a
(M1)

8a + b = 0
 substituting in the coordinates
2
7. 5 a + 7. 5b + c = 0 (A1)
2
4 a + 4b + c = 6 (A1)

solve to get
y = −
24

49
x
2
+
192

49
x −
90

49
OR y = −0. 490x
2
+ 3. 92x − 1. 84 A1

Note: Use of quadratic regression with points using the symmetry of the graph is a valid method.

METHOD 2

y = a(x − 4)
2
+ 6 (M1)

(M1)
2
0 = a(7. 5 − 4) + 6

a = −
24

49
(A1)

OR A1
24 2 2
y = − (x − 4) + 6 y = −0. 490(x − 4) + 6
49

[4 marks]

Believing this to be a better model for her cupcake, Charlotte finds the volume of revolution about the x-axis
to estimate the volume of the cupcake.

(d.i) Write down an expression for her estimate of the volume as a sum of two integrals. [4]

Markscheme

2
2
(M1)(M1) (M1)A1
4 7.5
π∫ 0
(
5

8
x + 3. 5) d x + π∫ 4
(−
24

49
(x − 4)
2
+ 6) d x

Note: Award (M1)(M1)(M1)A0 if π is omitted but response is otherwise correct. Award (M1) for an integral
that indicates volume, (M1) for their part (a) within their volume integral, (M1) for their part (b)(i) within
their volume integral, A1 for their correct two integrals with all correct limits.

[4 marks]

(d.ii) Find the value of Charlotte’s estimate. [1]

Markscheme

501 cm
3
(501. 189 …) A1

[1 mark]
58. [Maximum mark: 15] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_10
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f (x) =
k

x
, for x > 0, k > 0 .

Let P(p, k

p
) be any point on the graph of f . Line L is the tangent to the graph of f at P.
1

(a.i) Find f ′(p) in terms of k and p. [2]

Markscheme

f ′(x) = −kx
−2
(A1)

f ′(p) = −kp
−2
(= −
k

p
2
) A1 N2

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Show that the equation of L is kx + p 1

2
y − 2pk = 0 . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use point and gradient to find equation of L 1 M1

eg y −
k

p
= −kp
−2
(x − p),
k

p
= −
k

p
2
(p) + b

correct working leading to answer A1

eg 2
p y − kp = −kx + kp, y −
k

p
= −
k

p2
x +
k

p
, y = −
k

p2
x +
2k

2
kx + p y − 2pk = 0 AG N0

[2 marks]

Line L intersects the x-axis at point A(2p,

1 0) and the y-axis at point B.

(b) Find the area of triangle AOB in terms of k. [5]

 Markscheme

METHOD 1 – area of a triangle

recognizing x = 0 at B (M1)

correct working to find y-coordinate of null (A1)

eg 2
p y − 2pk = 0

y-coordinate of null at y =
2k

p
(may be seen in area formula) A1

correct substitution to find area of triangle (A1)

eg 1

2
(2p)(
2k

p
), p × (
2k

p
)

area of triangle AOB = 2k A1 N3

METHOD 2 – integration

recognizing to integrate L between 0 and 2p 1 (M1)

2p 2p
eg ∫
0
L1 d x , ∫
0
−
k

p2
x +
2k

correct integration of both terms A1

2p

eg
2
kx 2kx k 2 2k k 2 2k
− 2
+ , − 2
x + x + c , [− 2
x + x]
2p p 2p p 2p p
0

substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in either order) (M1)
2 2

eg
k(2p) 2k(2p) 4kp 4kp
− 2
+ − (0), − 2
+
2p p 2p p

correct working (A1)

eg −2k + 4k

area of triangle AOB = 2k A1 N3

[5 marks]

(c) 4
The graph of f is translated by ( ) to give the graph of g.
3

In the following diagram:

point Q lies on the graph of g

 points C, D and E lie on the vertical asymptote of g
points D and F lie on the horizontal asymptote of g
point G lies on the x-axis such that FG is parallel to DC.

Line L is the tangent to the graph of g at Q, and passes through E and F.

2

Given that triangle EDF and rectangle CDFG have equal areas, find the gradient of L in 2
[6]
terms of p.

Markscheme

Note: In this question, the second M mark may be awarded independently of the other marks, so it is
possible to award (M0)(A0)M1(A0)(A0)A0.

recognizing use of transformation (M1)

eg area of triangle AOB = area of triangle DEF, g(x) =

x−4
k
+ 3, gradient of L 2 = gradient of L , 1

D(4, 3), 2p+4, one correct shift

correct working (A1)

eg area of triangle
2k k
DEF = 2k, CD = 3, DF = 2p, CG = 2p, E(4, + 3), F(2p + 4, 3), Q(p + 4, + 3),
p p

gradient of L 2 = −
k

p2
, g′(x) = −
k
2
, area of rectangle CDFG = 2k
(x−4)

valid approach (M1)

2p+4
eg ED×DF

2
= CD × DF, 2p ⋅ 3 = 2k , ED = 2CD , ∫
4
L 2 dx = 4k

correct working (A1)

 2k
3−( +3)

eg
p
−6 9
ED = 6, E(4, 9), k = 3p, gradient = , 2k
, −
(2p+4)−4 ( ) k
3

correct expression for gradient (in terms of p) (A1)

2(3p)
3−( +3)

eg
3p p
−6 9−3 9
, , − 2
, , −
2p 4−(2p+4) p (2p+4)−4 3p

gradient of L is −2
3

p
(= −3p
−1
) A1 N3

[6 marks]
59. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.T_4
Consider the graph of the function f (x) = x +
12

x
2
, x ≠ 0 .

(a.i) Write down the zero of f (x). [2]

Markscheme

0 = x +
12

x
2
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating the function to zero.

(x =) − 2. 29 (−2. 28942 …) (A1) (C2)

Note: Award (C1) for a correct x-value given as part of a coordinate pair or alongside an explicitly stated
y-value.

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Write down the coordinates of the local minimum point. [2]

Markscheme

(2. 88, 4. 33) ((2. 88449 … , 4. 32674 …)) (A1)(A1) (C2)

Note: Accept x = 2. 88, y = 4. 33 .

 [2 marks]

(b) Consider the function g(x) = 3 − x .

Solve f (x) = g(x) . [2]

Markscheme

3 − x = x +
12

x2
(or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating the functions or for a sketch of the two functions.

(x =) − 1. 43 (−1. 43080 …) (A1) (C2)

Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is seen as part of a coordinate pair or a y-value is explicitly
stated, unless already penalized in part (a).

[2 marks]
60. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.T_2
Olava’s Pizza Company supplies and delivers large cheese pizzas.

The total cost to the customer, C , in Papua New Guinean Kina (PGK), is modelled by the function

C(n) = 34. 50n + 8. 50 , n ≥ 2 , n ∈ Z,

where n, is the number of large cheese pizzas ordered. This total cost includes a fixed cost for delivery.

(a.i) State, in the context of the question, what the value of 34. 50 represents. [1]

Markscheme

the cost of each (large cheese) pizza / a pizza / one pizza / per pizza (A1) (C1)

Note: Award (A0) for “the cost of (large cheese) pizzas”. Do not accept “the minimum cost of a pizza”.

[1 mark]

(a.ii) State, in the context of the question, what the value of 8. 50 represents. [1]

Markscheme

the (fixed) delivery cost (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

(b) Write down the minimum number of pizzas that can be ordered. [1]

Markscheme

2 (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

(c) Kaelani has 450 PGK.

Find the maximum number of large cheese pizzas that Kaelani can order from Olava’s Pizza
Company. [3]

Markscheme

450 = 34. 50n + 8. 50 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating the cost equation to 450 (may be stated as an inequality).

12. 8 (12. 7971 …) (A1)

12 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: The final answer must be an integer.

The final (A1)(ft) is awarded for rounding their answer down to a whole number, provided their
unrounded answer is seen.

[3 marks]
61. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.2.SL.TZ0.S_1
Consider the function f (x) = x
2
+ x +
50

x
, x ≠ 0.

(a) Find f (1). [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to substitute x = 1 (M1)

eg f (1), 1
2
+ 1 +
50
1

52 (exact) A1 N2

[2 marks]

(b) Solve f (x) = 0 . [2]

Markscheme

−4. 04932

−4. 05 A2 N2

[2 marks]

(c) The graph of f has a local minimum at point A.

Find the coordinates of A. [2]

Markscheme

(2. 76649, 28. 4934)

A(2. 77, 28. 5) A1A1 N2

[2 marks]
62. [Maximum mark: 6] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.T_10
In this question, give your answers to the nearest whole number.

Criselda travelled to Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia. At the airport, she saw the following information at the
Currency Exchange counter.

This means the Currency Exchange counter would buy USD from a traveller and in exchange return MYR
at a rate of 1 USD = 4. 25 MYR. There is no commission charged.

Criselda changed 460 SGD to MYR.

(a) Calculate the amount of MYR that Criselda received. [3]

Markscheme

460 × 3. 07 (A1)(M1)

Note: Award (A1) for selecting 3. 07 as the exchange rate, (M1) for multiplying 460 by an exchange rate
from the table.

1412 (MYR) (A1) (C3)

Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is to the wrong level of accuracy.

[3 marks]

(b) While in Kota Kinabalu, Criselda spent 440 MYR. She returned to the Currency
Exchange counter and changed the remainder of her MYR into USD.

Calculate the amount of USD she received. [3]

Markscheme

1412−440

4.45
(M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct subtraction or for 972 (972. 2) or their correct difference seen. Award
(M1) for dividing by 4. 45. Follow through from part (a).

218 (USD) (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is to the wrong level of accuracy.

[3 marks]
63. [Maximum mark: 13] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.T_2
The diagram shows the straight line L . Points A(−9, 1 ,
− 1) M(−3, 2) and C are points on L .
1

(a) Find the gradient of L . 1 [2]

Markscheme

2−(−1)

−3−(−9)
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the gradient formula.

=
1

2
(
3

6
, 0. 5) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]

M is the midpoint of AC.

(b) Find the coordinates of point C. [2]

Markscheme

and (M1)
−9+x −1+y
−3 = (−6 + 9 = x) 2 = (4 + 1 = y)
2 2

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the midpoint formula for both coordinates.

OR
 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a sketch showing the horizontal displacement from M to C is 6 and the vertical
displacement is 3 and the coordinates at M.

OR

−3 + 6 = 3 and 2 + 3 = 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct equations seen.

(3, 5) (A1)(G1)(G1)

Note: Accept x = 3, y = 5 . Award at most (M1)(A0) or (G1)(G0) if parentheses are missing.

[2 marks]

Line L is perpendicular to L and passes through point M.

2 1

(c) Find the equation of L . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d

2 = 0 , where
a, b, d ∈ Z. [3]

Markscheme

gradient of the normal = −2 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from their gradient from part (a).

y − 2 = −2(x + 3) OR 2 = −2(−3) + c (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of M and their gradient of normal into straight line formula.

2x + y + 4 = 0 (accept integer multiples) (A1)(ft)(G3)

[3 marks]
The point N(k, 4) is on L .
2

(d) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

2(k) + 4 + 4 = 0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of y = 4 into their equation of normal line or substitution of M and
(k, 4) into equation of gradient of normal.

k = −4 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c).

[2 marks]

(e) Find the distance between points M and N. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
2 2
√ (−4 + 3) + (4 − 2)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituting point M and their N into distance formula.

√ 5 (2. 24, 2. 23606 …) (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (d).

[2 marks]

(f ) Given that the length of AM is √45, find the area of triangle ANC. [2]

Markscheme

2
× (2 × √ 45) × √ 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into area of a triangle formula. Award (M0) for their
1

2
× (√ 45) × √ 5 without any evidence of multiplication by 2 to find length AC. Accept any other
correct method to find the area.

15 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Accept 15. 02637 … from use of a 3 sf value for √5. Follow through from part (e).

[2 marks]
64. [Maximum mark: 16] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.T_4
The graph of the quadratic function f (x) =
1

2
(x − 2)(x + 8) intersects the y-axis at (0, .
c)

(a) Find the value of c. [2]

Markscheme

1
2
(0 − 2)(0 + 8) OR 1
2
(0
2
+ 6(0) − 16) (or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for evaluating f (0).

(c =) − 8 (A1)(G2)

Note: Award (G2) if −8 or (0, − 8) seen.

[2 marks]

The vertex of the function is (−3, − 12. 5) .

(b) Write down the equation for the axis of symmetry of the graph. [2]

Markscheme

x = −3 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for “x = constant”, (A1) for the constant being −3. The answer must be an equation.

[2 marks]

The equation f (x) = 12 has two solutions. The first solution is x = −10 .

(c) Use the symmetry of the graph to show that the second solution is x = 4 . [1]

Markscheme

(−3 − −10) + −3 (M1)

OR

(−8 − −10) + 2 (M1)

OR

−10+x

2
= −3 (M1)

OR
 diagram showing axis of symmetry and given points (x-values labels, −10, −3 and 4, are sufficient) and
an indication that the horizontal distances between the axis of symmetry and the given points are 7.
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct working using the symmetry between x = −10 and x = −3. Award (M0) if
candidate has used x = −10 and x = 4 to show the axis of symmetry is x = −3. Award (M0) if
candidate solved f (x) = 12 or evaluated f (−10) and f (4).

(x =) 4 (AG)

[1 mark]

(d) Write down the x-intercepts of the graph. [2]

Markscheme

−8 and 2 (A1)(A1)

Note: Accept x = −8, y = 0 and x = 2, y = 0 or (−8, 0) and (2, , award at most (A0)(A1) if
0)

parentheses are omitted.

[2 marks]

(e) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = f (x) for −10 ≤ x ≤ 4 and −14 ≤ y ≤ 14. Use a
scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 2 units on the y-axis. [4]

Markscheme
 (A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for labelled axes with correct scale, correct window. Award (A1) for the vertex,
(−3, − 12. 5), in correct location.

Award (A1) for a smooth continuous curve symmetric about their vertex. Award (A1)(ft) for the curve
passing through their x and y intercepts in correct location. Follow through from their parts (a) and (d).

If graph paper is not used:

Award at most (A0)(A0)(A1)(A1)(ft). Their graph should go through their −8 and 2 for the last (A1)(ft) to be
awarded.

[4 marks]

Let T be the tangent at x = −3 .

(f.i) Write down the equation of T . [2]

Markscheme

y = −12. 5 OR y = 0x − 12. 5 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for "y = constant", (A1) for the constant being −12. 5. The answer must be an equation.

[2 marks]

(f.ii) Draw the tangent T on your graph. [1]

 Markscheme

tangent to the graph drawn at x = −3 (A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for a horizontal straight-line tangent to curve at approximately x = −3 . Award (A0) if a
ruler is not used. Follow through from their part (e).

[1 mark]

(g) Given f (a) = 5. 5 and f ′(a) = −6, state whether the function, f , is increasing or
decreasing at x = a. Give a reason for your answer. [2]

Markscheme

decreasing (A1)

gradient (of tangent line) is negative (at x = a ) OR f ′(a) < 0 (R1)

Note: Do not accept "gradient (of tangent line) is −6". Do not award (A1)(R0).

[2 marks]
65. [Maximum mark: 13] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.T_2
The diagram shows the straight line L . Points A(−9, 1 ,
− 1) M(−3, 2) and C are points on L .
1

(a) Find the gradient of L . 1 [2]

Markscheme

2−(−1)

−3−(−9)
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the gradient formula.

=
1

2
(
3

6
, 0. 5) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]

M is the midpoint of AC.

(b) Find the coordinates of point C. [2]

Markscheme

and (M1)
−9+x −1+y
−3 = (−6 + 9 = x) 2 = (4 + 1 = y)
2 2

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the midpoint formula for both coordinates.

OR
 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a sketch showing the horizontal displacement from M to C is 6 and the vertical
displacement is 3 and the coordinates at M.

OR

−3 + 6 = 3 and 2 + 3 = 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct equations seen.

(3, 5) (A1)(G1)(G1)

Note: Accept x = 3, y = 5 . Award at most (M1)(A0) or (G1)(G0) if parentheses are missing.

[2 marks]

Line L is perpendicular to L and passes through point M.

2 1

(c) Find the equation of L . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d

2 = 0 , where
a, b, d ∈ Z. [3]

Markscheme

gradient of the normal = −2 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from their gradient from part (a).

y − 2 = −2(x + 3) OR 2 = −2(−3) + c (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of M and their gradient of normal into straight line formula.

2x + y + 4 = 0 (accept integer multiples) (A1)(ft)(G3)

[3 marks]
The point N(k, 4) is on L .
2

(d) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

2(k) + 4 + 4 = 0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution of y = 4 into their equation of normal line or substitution of M and
(k, 4) into equation of gradient of normal.

k = −4 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c).

[2 marks]

(e) Find the distance between points M and N. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
2 2
√ (−4 + 3) + (4 − 2)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituting point M and their N into distance formula.

√ 5 (2. 24, 2. 23606 …) (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (d).

[2 marks]

(f ) Given that the length of AM is √45, find the area of triangle ANC. [2]

Markscheme

2
× (2 × √ 45) × √ 5 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into area of a triangle formula. Award (M0) for their
1

2
× (√ 45) × √ 5 without any evidence of multiplication by 2 to find length AC. Accept any other
correct method to find the area.

15 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Accept 15. 02637 … from use of a 3 sf value for √5. Follow through from part (e).

[2 marks]
66. [Maximum mark: 16] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.T_4
The graph of the quadratic function f (x) =
1

2
(x − 2)(x + 8) intersects the y-axis at (0, .
c)

(a) Find the value of c. [2]

Markscheme

1
2
(0 − 2)(0 + 8) OR 1
2
(0
2
+ 6(0) − 16) (or equivalent) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for evaluating f (0).

(c =) − 8 (A1)(G2)

Note: Award (G2) if −8 or (0, − 8) seen.

[2 marks]

The vertex of the function is (−3, − 12. 5) .

(b) Write down the equation for the axis of symmetry of the graph. [2]

Markscheme

x = −3 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for “x = constant”, (A1) for the constant being −3. The answer must be an equation.

[2 marks]

The equation f (x) = 12 has two solutions. The first solution is x = −10 .

(c) Use the symmetry of the graph to show that the second solution is x = 4 . [1]

Markscheme

(−3 − −10) + −3 (M1)

OR

(−8 − −10) + 2 (M1)

OR

−10+x

2
= −3 (M1)

OR
 diagram showing axis of symmetry and given points (x-values labels, −10, −3 and 4, are sufficient) and
an indication that the horizontal distances between the axis of symmetry and the given points are 7.
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct working using the symmetry between x = −10 and x = −3. Award (M0) if
candidate has used x = −10 and x = 4 to show the axis of symmetry is x = −3. Award (M0) if
candidate solved f (x) = 12 or evaluated f (−10) and f (4).

(x =) 4 (AG)

[1 mark]

(d) Write down the x-intercepts of the graph. [2]

Markscheme

−8 and 2 (A1)(A1)

Note: Accept x = −8, y = 0 and x = 2, y = 0 or (−8, 0) and (2, , award at most (A0)(A1) if
0)

parentheses are omitted.

[2 marks]

(e) On graph paper, draw the graph of y = f (x) for −10 ≤ x ≤ 4 and −14 ≤ y ≤ 14. Use a
scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 2 units on the y-axis. [4]

Markscheme
 (A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for labelled axes with correct scale, correct window. Award (A1) for the vertex,
(−3, − 12. 5), in correct location.

Award (A1) for a smooth continuous curve symmetric about their vertex. Award (A1)(ft) for the curve
passing through their x and y intercepts in correct location. Follow through from their parts (a) and (d).

If graph paper is not used:

Award at most (A0)(A0)(A1)(A1)(ft). Their graph should go through their −8 and 2 for the last (A1)(ft) to be
awarded.

[4 marks]

Let T be the tangent at x = −3 .

(f.i) Write down the equation of T . [2]

Markscheme

y = −12. 5 OR y = 0x − 12. 5 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for "y = constant", (A1) for the constant being −12. 5. The answer must be an equation.

[2 marks]

(f.ii) Draw the tangent T on your graph. [1]

 Markscheme

tangent to the graph drawn at x = −3 (A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for a horizontal straight-line tangent to curve at approximately x = −3 . Award (A0) if a
ruler is not used. Follow through from their part (e).

[1 mark]

(g) Given f (a) = 5. 5 and f ′(a) = −6, state whether the function, f , is increasing or
decreasing at x = a. Give a reason for your answer. [2]

Markscheme

decreasing (A1)

gradient (of tangent line) is negative (at x = a ) OR f ′(a) < 0 (R1)

Note: Do not accept "gradient (of tangent line) is −6". Do not award (A1)(R0).

[2 marks]
67. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.S_4
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f with x-intercept (5, 0) and y-intercept (0, 8).

(a.i) Find the y-intercept of the graph of f (x) + 3. [1]

Markscheme

y -intercept is 11 (accept (0, 11) ) A1 N1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Find the y-intercept of the graph of f (4x). [2]

Markscheme

valid approach (M1)

eg f (4 × 0) = f (0) , recognizing stretch of 1

4
in x-direction

y -intercept is 8 (accept (0, 8) ) A1 N2

[2 marks]

(b) Find the x-intercept of the graph of f (2x). [2]

Markscheme

x -intercept is 5
2
(= 2.5) (accept ( 5
2
, 0) or (2.5, 0) ) A2 N2
 [2 marks]

(c) Describe the transformation f (x + 1). [2]

Markscheme

correct name, correct magnitude and direction A1A1 N2

eg name: translation, (horizontal) shift (do not accept move)

−1
eg magnitude and direction: 1 unit to the left, ( ) , horizontal by –1
0

[2 marks]
68. [Maximum mark: 15] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_10
The function p (x) is defined by p (x) = x
3
− 3x
2
+ 8x − 24 where x .
∈ R

(a.i) Find the remainder when p (x) is divided by (x − 2). [2]

Markscheme

p (2) = 8 − 12 + 16 − 24 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for a valid attempt at remainder theorem or polynomial division.

= −12 A1

remainder = −12

[2 marks]

(a.ii) Find the remainder when p (x) is divided by (x − 3). [1]

Markscheme

p (3) = 27 − 27 + 24 − 24 =0 A1

remainder = 0

[1 mark]

(b) Prove that p (x) has only one real zero. [4]

Markscheme

x = 3 (is a zero) A1

Note: Can be seen anywhere.

EITHER

factorise to get (x − 3) (x 2
+ 8) (M1)A1

x
2
+ 8 ≠ 0 (for x ∈ R ) (or equivalent statement) R1

Note: Award R1 if correct two complex roots are given.

OR

′
p (x) = 3x
2
− 6x + 8 A1

attempting to show p ′
(x) ≠ 0 M1
 eg discriminant = 36 – 96 < 0, completing the square

no turning points R1

THEN

only one real zero (as the curve is continuous) AG

[4 marks]

(c) Write down the transformation that will transform the graph of y = p (x) onto the
graph of y = 8x − 12x + 16x − 24.
3 2
[2]

Markscheme

new graph is y = p (2x) (M1)

stretch parallel to the x-axis (with x = 0 invariant), scale factor 0.5 A1

Note: Accept “horizontal” instead of “parallel to the x-axis”.

[2 marks]

(d) The random variable X follows a Poisson distribution with a mean of λ and
6P (X = 3) = 3P (X = 2) − 2P (X = 1) + 3P (X = 0).

Find the value of λ. [6]

Markscheme

3 −λ 2 −λ
6λ e

6
=
3λ e

2
− 2λe
−λ
+ 3e
−λ
M1A1

Note: Allow factorials in the denominator for A1.

2λ
3
− 3λ
2
+ 4λ − 6 = 0 A1

Note: Accept any correct cubic equation without factorials and e −λ

.

EITHER

4 (2λ
3
− 3λ
2
+ 4λ − 6) = 8λ
3
− 12λ
2
+ 16λ − 24 = 0 (M1)

2λ = 3 (A1)

OR

(2λ − 3) (λ
2
+ 2) = 0 (M1)(A1)

THEN
λ = 1.5 A1

[6 marks]
69. [Maximum mark: 9] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_8
The graph of y = f (x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 is shown in the following diagram. The curve intercepts the x-axis at (1, 0)
′

and (4, 0) and has a local minimum at (3, −1).

(a) Write down the x-coordinate of the point of inflexion on the graph of y = f (x) . [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

3 A1

[1 mark]

The shaded area enclosed by the curve y = f

′
(x) , the x-axis and the y-axis is 0.5. Given that f (0) = 3 ,

(b) find the value of f (1). [3]

Markscheme

attempt to use definite integral of f ′

(x) (M1)

1 ′
∫ f (x)dx = 0.5
0

f (1) − f (0) = 0.5 (A1)

 f (1) = 0.5 + 3

= 3.5 A1

[3 marks]

The area enclosed by the curve y = f

′
(x) and the x-axis between x = 1 and x = 4 is 2.5 .

(c) find the value of f (4). [2]

Markscheme

4
∫
1
f
′
(x)dx = −2.5 (A1)

Note: (A1) is for −2.5.

f (4) − f (1) = −2.5

f (4) = 3.5 − 2.5

=1 A1

[2 marks]

(d) Sketch the curve y = f (x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 indicating clearly the coordinates of the
maximum and minimum points and any intercepts with the coordinate axes. [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

A1 for correct shape over approximately the correct domain

A1 for maximum and minimum (coordinates or horizontal lines from 3.5 and 1 are required),
A1 for y-intercept at 3
 [3 marks]

70. [Maximum mark: 5] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_3

Consider the function f (x) = x
4
− 6x
2
− 2x + 4 x ∈ R , .

The graph of f is translated two units to the left to form the function g (x).

Express g (x) in the form ax 4

+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e where a, b, c, d, e ∈ Z . [5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

M1
4 2
g (x) = f (x + 2) (= (x + 2) − 6(x + 2) − 2 (x + 2) + 4)

attempt to expand (x + 2) M1
4

(x + 2)
4
= x
4 3 2
+ 4 (2x ) + 6 (2 x ) + 4 (2 x) + 2
2 3 4
(A1)

= x
4
+ 8x
3
+ 24x
2
+ 32x + 16 A1

4 3 2 2
g (x) = x + 8x + 24x + 32x + 16 − 6 (x + 4x + 4) − 2x − 4 + 4

= x
4
+ 8x
3
+ 18x
2
+ 6x − 8 A1

Note: For correct expansion of f (x − 2) = x

4
− 8x
3
+ 18x
2
− 10x award max M0M1(A1)A0A1.

[5 marks]
71. [Maximum mark: 17] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_11
Consider the functions f and g defined by f (x) ,
= ln |x| x ∈ R \ {0}, and g (x) ,
= ln |x + k| x ∈ R \
{−k}, where k ∈ R, k > 2.

(a) Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to g (x). [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

translation k units to the left (or equivalent) A1

[1 mark]

(b) State the range of g. [1]

Markscheme

range is (g (x) ∈)R A1

[1 mark]

(c) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g (x) on the same axes, clearly stating the points of
intersection with any axes. [6]

Markscheme

correct shape of y = f (x) A1

their f (x) translated k units to left (possibly shown by x = −k marked on x-axis) A1

 asymptote included and marked as x

f (x)

g (x)

g (x)

Markscheme

at P

x = −

P (−

[2 marks]

(e)

Markscheme

ln (
dy

dx

at P,

ln

−
k

2
2

dy

dx

2
intersects x-axis at x

intersects x-axis at x

intersects y-axis at y

Note: Do not penalise candidates if their graphs “cross” as x

ln (x + k) = ln (−x)

attempt to solve x + k

=
,

) = 1
k

=
⇒ y = ln (

ln

The tangent to y

−2

k
k

−2

k
)

Determine the value of k.

(or P (−

attempt to differentiate ln (−x) or ln |x|

=
1

x
A1

A1

(A1)
A1

recognition that tangent passes through origin ⇒

k

2
= −x

= f (x)
,
= −1 x = 1

(or y

ln
2
,

= −k − 1 x = −k + 1

= ln k

Note: Do not award FT marks from the candidate’s part (a) to part (c).

[6 marks]

The graphs of f and g intersect at the point P .

(d) Find the coordinates of P.

(or equivalent)

k
= ln

) )

∣
= −k

A1

2
)
A1
A1

A1

at P passes through the origin (0, 0).

(M1)
(M1)

x
y
A1

=
dy

dx
→ ±∞

(M1)
.

[2]

[7]
⇒ k = 2e A1

Note: For candidates who explicitly differentiate ln (x) (rather than ln (−x) or ln |x|, award
M0A0A1M1A1A1A1.

[7 marks]
72. [Maximum mark: 17] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_11
Consider the functions f and g defined by f (x) ,
= ln |x| x ∈ R \ {0}, and g (x) ,
= ln |x + k| x ∈ R \
{−k}, where k ∈ R, k > 2.

(a) Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to g (x). [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

translation k units to the left (or equivalent) A1

[1 mark]

(b) State the range of g. [1]

Markscheme

range is (g (x) ∈)R A1

[1 mark]

(c) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g (x) on the same axes, clearly stating the points of
intersection with any axes. [6]

Markscheme

correct shape of y = f (x) A1

their f (x) translated k units to left (possibly shown by x = −k marked on x-axis) A1

 asymptote included and marked as x

f (x)

g (x)

g (x)

Markscheme

at P

x = −

P (−

[2 marks]

(e)

Markscheme

ln (
dy

dx

at P,

ln

−
k

2
2

dy

dx

2
intersects x-axis at x

intersects x-axis at x

intersects y-axis at y

Note: Do not penalise candidates if their graphs “cross” as x

ln (x + k) = ln (−x)

attempt to solve x + k

=
,

) = 1
k

=
⇒ y = ln (

ln

The tangent to y

−2

k
k

−2

k
)

Determine the value of k.

(or P (−

attempt to differentiate ln (−x) or ln |x|

=
1

x
A1

A1

(A1)
A1

recognition that tangent passes through origin ⇒

k

2
= −x

= f (x)
,
= −1 x = 1

(or y

ln
2
,

= −k − 1 x = −k + 1

= ln k

Note: Do not award FT marks from the candidate’s part (a) to part (c).

[6 marks]

The graphs of f and g intersect at the point P .

(d) Find the coordinates of P.

(or equivalent)

k
= ln

) )

∣
= −k

A1

2
)
A1
A1

A1

at P passes through the origin (0, 0).

(M1)
(M1)

x
y
A1

=
dy

dx
→ ±∞

(M1)
.

[2]

[7]
⇒ k = 2e A1

Note: For candidates who explicitly differentiate ln (x) (rather than ln (−x) or ln |x|, award
M0A0A1M1A1A1A1.

[7 marks]
73. [Maximum mark: 13] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.S_8
Let f (x) = 2 sin (3x) + 4 for x ∈ R .

(a) The range of f is k ≤ f (x) ≤ m. Find k and m. [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

valid attempt to find range (M1)

eg , max = 6 min = 2,

2 sin (3 ×
π

6
) + 4 and 2 sin (3 × π

2
) + 4 , 2 (1) + 4 and 2 (−1) + 4,

k = 2 , m = 6 A1A1 N3

[3 marks]

Let g (x) = 5f (2x) .

(b) Find the range of g. [2]

Markscheme

10 ≤ y ≤ 30 A2 N2

[2 marks]

The function g can be written in the form g (x) = 10 sin (bx) + c .

(c.i) Find the value of b and of c. [3]

Markscheme

evidence of substitution (may be seen in part (b)) (M1)

eg 5 (2 sin (3 (2x)) + 4) , 3 (2x)

b = 6 , c = 20 (accept 10 sin (6x) + 20 ) A1A1 N3

 Note: If no working shown, award N2 for one correct value.

[3 marks]

(c.ii) Find the period of g. [2]

Markscheme

correct working (A1)

eg 2π

1.04719

2π
6
(=
π
3
) , 1.05 A1 N2

[2 marks]

(d) The equation g (x) = 12 has two solutions where π ≤ x ≤ 4π

3
. Find both solutions. [3]

Markscheme

valid approach (M1)

eg , sin
−1
(−
8

10
), 6x = −0.927, − 0.154549, x = 0.678147

Note: Award M1 for any correct value for x or 6x which lies outside the domain of f .

3.81974, 4.03424

x = 3.82 , x = 4.03 (do not accept answers in degrees) A1A1 N3

[3 marks]
74. [Maximum mark: 16] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.S_9
Let f (x) =
16

x
. The line L is tangent to the graph of f at x = 8 .

(a) Find the gradient of L. [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to find f ′
(8) (M1)

eg f
′
(x) , y
′
, −16x
−2

−0.25 (exact) A1 N2

[2 marks]

8
L can be expressed in the form r = ( ) + t u.
2

(b) Find u. [2]

Markscheme

4
u= ( ) or any scalar multiple A2 N2
−1

[2 marks]

1
The direction vector of y = x is ( ) .
1

(c) Find the acute angle between y = x and L. [5]

Markscheme

correct scalar product and magnitudes (A1)(A1)(A1)

scalar product = 1 × 4 + 1 × −1 (= 3)

magnitudes = ,
2
√1 2 + 1 2 √ 4 2 + (−1) (= √ 2, √ 17)

substitution of their values into correct formula (M1)

 eg 4−1
, −3

√ 2√ 17
, 2.1112, 120.96°
2
√ 1 2 +1 2 √ 4 2 +(−1)

1.03037 , 59.0362°

angle = 1.03 , 59.0° A1 N4

[5 marks]

(d.i) Find (f ∘ f ) (x) . [3]

Markscheme

attempt to form composite (f ∘ f ) (x) (M1)

eg f (f (x)) , f (
16

x
) ,
16

f (x)

correct working (A1)

eg 16
16
, 16 ×
x

16
x

(f ∘ f ) (x) = x A1 N2

[3 marks]

(d.ii) Hence, write down f −1

(x) . [1]

Markscheme

16 16 16
f
−1
(x) =
x
(accept y =
x
, x
) A1 N1

Note: Award A0 in part (ii) if part (i) is incorrect.

Award A0 in part (ii) if the candidate has found f −1
(x) =
16

x
by interchanging x and y.

[1 mark]

(d.iii) Hence or otherwise, find the obtuse angle formed by the tangent line to f at x = 8 and the
tangent line to f at x = 2. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

recognition of symmetry about y = x (M1)

eg (2, 8) ⇔ (8, 2)

evidence of doubling their angle (M1)

eg 2 × 1.03, 2 × 59.0

2.06075, 118.072°

2.06 (radians) (118 degrees) A1 N2

METHOD 2

finding direction vector for tangent line at x = 2 (A1)

−1 1
eg ( ), ( )
4 −4

substitution of their values into correct formula (must be from vectors) (M1)

eg −4−4
,
8

2 √ 17√ 17
√ 1 2 +4 2 √ 4 2 +(−1)

2.06075, 118.072°

2.06 (radians) (118 degrees) A1 N2

METHOD 3

using trigonometry to find an angle with the horizontal (M1)

eg tan θ = −
1

4
, tan θ = −4

finding both angles of rotation (A1)

eg θ 1 = 0.244978, 14.0362
∘
, θ 1 = 1.81577, 104.036
∘

2.06075, 118.072°

2.06 (radians) (118 degrees) A1 N2

[3 marks]
75. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.T_4
Consider the function f (x) = x
3
− 5x
2
+ 6x − 3 +
x
1
,x > 0

The function f (x) = x

3
− 5x
2
+ 6x − 3 +
1
x
,x > 0 , models the path of a river, as shown on
the following map, where both axes represent distance and are measured in kilometres. On the same map,
the location of a highway is defined by the function g (x) .
−x
= 0.5(3) + 1

The origin, O(0, 0) , is the location of the centre of a town called Orangeton.

A straight footpath, P , is built to connect the centre of Orangeton to the river at the point where x =
1

2
.

(b.ii) State the domain of P . [2]

Markscheme

0<x< 1

2
(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for both endpoints correct, (A1) for correct mathematical notation indicating an interval
with two endpoints. Accept weak inequalities. Award at most (A1)(A0) for incorrect notation such as 0 −
0.5 or a written description of the domain with correct endpoints. Award at most (A1)(A0) for 0 < y < 1

2
.

[2 marks]

Bridges are located where the highway crosses the river.

A straight road is built from the centre of Orangeton, due north, to connect the town to the highway.

(d) Find the distance from the centre of Orangeton to the point at which the road meets the
highway. [2]

Markscheme

(M1)
0
g (0) = 0.5(3) + 1

1.5 (km) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]

(e) This straight road crosses the highway and then carries on due north.

State whether the straight road will ever cross the river. Justify your answer. [2]

Markscheme

domain given as x > 0 (but equation of road is x = 0 ) (R1)

OR

(equation of road is x = 0 ) the function of the river is asymptotic to x = 0 (R1)

so it does not meet the river (A1)

Note: Award the (R1) for a correct mathematical statement about the equation of the river (and the
equation of the road). Justification must be based on mathematical reasoning. Do not award (R0)(A1).

[2 marks]
76. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_5
Consider the function f (x) =
1

3
x
3
+
3

4
x
2
− x − 1 .

(d) Find f ′
(x) . [3]

Markscheme

x
2
+
3
2
x − 1 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for each correct term. Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if there are extra terms.

[3 marks]

(e) Find the gradient of the graph of y = f (x) at x = 2 . [2]

Markscheme

2
2
+
3

2
× 2 − 1 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 2 in their derivative of the function.

6 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (d).

[2 marks]

(f ) Find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of y = f (x) at x = 2 . Give the equation
in the form ax + by + d = 0 where, a, b, and d ∈ Z. [2]

Markscheme

3
= 6 (2) + c (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 2, their part (a) and their part (e) substituted into equation of a straight line.

28
c = −
3

OR

(y −
8

3
) = 6 (x − 2) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 2, their part (a) and their part (e) substituted into equation of a straight line.

OR

y = 6x −
28

3
(y = 6x − 9.33333 …) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their answer to (e) and intercept − 28

3
substituted in the gradient-intercept line
equation.

−18x + 3y + 28 = 0 (accept integer multiples) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from parts (a) and (e).

[2 marks]
77. [Maximum mark: 7] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_5
Consider the function f (x) =
1

3
x
3
+
3

4
x
2
− x − 1 .

(d) Find f ′
(x) . [3]

Markscheme

x
2
+
3
2
x − 1 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for each correct term. Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if there are extra terms.

[3 marks]

(e) Find the gradient of the graph of y = f (x) at x = 2 . [2]

Markscheme

2
2
+
3

2
× 2 − 1 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of 2 in their derivative of the function.

6 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (d).

[2 marks]

(f ) Find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of y = f (x) at x = 2 . Give the equation
in the form ax + by + d = 0 where, a, b, and d ∈ Z. [2]

Markscheme

3
= 6 (2) + c (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 2, their part (a) and their part (e) substituted into equation of a straight line.

28
c = −
3

OR

(y −
8

3
) = 6 (x − 2) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for 2, their part (a) and their part (e) substituted into equation of a straight line.

OR

y = 6x −
28

3
(y = 6x − 9.33333 …) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their answer to (e) and intercept − 28

3
substituted in the gradient-intercept line
equation.

−18x + 3y + 28 = 0 (accept integer multiples) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from parts (a) and (e).

[2 marks]
78. [Maximum mark: 20] 19M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_10
The voltage v in a circuit is given by the equation

v (t) = 3 sin (100πt) t ⩾ 0, where t is measured in seconds.

(a) Write down the maximum and minimum value of v. [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

3, −3 A1A1

[2 marks]

The current i in this circuit is given by the equation

i (t) = 2 sin (100π (t + 0.003)) .

(b) Write down two transformations that will transform the graph of y = v (t) onto the graph
of y = i (t). [2]

Markscheme

stretch parallel to the y-axis (with x-axis invariant), scale factor 2

3
A1

−0.003
translation of ( ) (shift to the left by 0.003) A1
0

Note: Can be done in either order.

[2 marks]

The power p in this circuit is given by p (t) = v (t) × i (t) .

(c) Sketch the graph of y = p (t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 , showing clearly the coordinates of the first
maximum and the first minimum. [3]

Markscheme
 correct shape over correct domain with correct endpoints A1
first maximum at (0.0035, 4.76) A1
first minimum at (0.0085, −1.24) A1

[3 marks]

(d) Find the total time in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 for which p (t) ≥ 3.

[3]

Markscheme

p ≥ 3 between t = 0.0016762 and 0.0053238 and t = 0.011676 and 0.015324 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1A1 for either interval.

= 0.00730 A1

[3 marks]

The average power p av in this circuit from t = 0 to t = T is given by the equation

T
p av (T ) =
1

T
∫
0
p (t)dt , where T > 0 .

(e) Find p (0.007).

av

[2]
 Markscheme

0.007
p av =
1

0.007
∫
0
6 sin (100πt)sin (100π (t + 0.003))dt (M1)

= 2.87 A1

[2 marks]

(f ) With reference to your graph of y = p (t) explain why p av (T ) > 0 for all T > 0.

[2]

Markscheme

in each cycle the area under the t axis is smaller than area above the t axis R1

the curve begins with the positive part of the cycle R1

[2 marks]

(g) Given that p (t) can be written as p (t) = a sin (b (t − c)) + d where a, b, c, d > 0, use your
graph to find the values of a, b, c and d.

[6]

Markscheme

4.76−(−1.24)
a =
2
(M1)

a = 3.00 A1

4.76+(−1.24)
d =
2

d = 1.76 A1

2π
b =
0.01

b = 628 (= 200π) A1

c = 0.0035 −
0.01

4
(M1)

c = 0.00100 A1

[6 marks]
79. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_4
(a) Sketch the graphs y = sin
3
x + ln x and y = 1 + cos x on the following axes for 0 < x ≤ 9.

[2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct curve, showing all local max & mins.

Note: Award A0A0 for the curves drawn in degrees.

 [2 marks]

(b) Hence solve sin 3

x + ln x − cos x − 1 < 0 in the range 0 < x ≤ 9. [4]

Markscheme

x = 1.35, 4.35, 6.64 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for attempt to find points of intersections between two curves.

0 < x < 1.35 A1

Note: Accept x < 1.35.

4.35 < x < 6.64 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints, A1 for correct inequalities.

Note: Award M1FTA1FTA0FTA0FT for 0 < x < 7.31.

Note: Accept x < 7.31.

[4 marks]
80. [Maximum mark: 11] 18N.1.SL.TZ0.S_8
Let f (x) = x − 4x − 5. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
2

(b) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of f . [2]

Markscheme

correct working (A1)

−(−4)
eg 2(1)
, −1+5

x = 2 (must be an equation with x = ) A1 N2

[2 marks]

The function can be written in the form f (x) .

2
= (x − h) + k

(c.i) Write down the value of h. [1]

Markscheme

h = 2 A1 N1
 [1 mark]

(c.ii) Find the value of k. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

valid approach (M1)

eg f (2)

correct substitution (A1)

eg (2)2 − 4(2) − 5

k = −9 A1 N2

METHOD 2

valid attempt to complete the square (M1)

eg x
2 − 4x + 4

correct working (A1)

eg (x2 − 4x + 4) − 4 − 5, (x − 2)2 − 9

k = −9 A1 N2

[3 marks]

(d) The graph of a second function, g, is obtained by a reflection of the graph of f in the y-axis,
−3
followed by a translation of ( ) .
6

Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of g. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 (working with vertex)

vertex of f is at (2, −9) (A1)

correct horizontal reflection (A1)

eg x = −2, (−2, −9)

valid approach for translation of their x or y value (M1)

−2 −3
eg x − 3, y + 6, ( ) + ( ) , one correct coordinate for vertex
−9 6

vertex of g is (−5, −3) (accept x = −5, y = −3) A1A1 N1N1

METHOD 2 (working with function)

correct approach for horizontal reflection (A1)

eg f (−x)

correct horizontal reflection (A1)

eg (−x)2 −4(−x) − 5, x
2 + 4x − 5, (− x − 2) 2 − 9

valid approach for translation of their x or y value (M1)

eg (x + 3)2 + 4(x + 3) − 5 + 6, x
2 + 10x + 22, (x + 5)2 − 3, one correct coordinate for vertex

vertex of g is (−5, −3) (accept x = −5, y = −3) A1A1 N1N1

[5 marks]
81. [Maximum mark: 7] 18N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_3
Consider the function g (x) = 4 cos x + 1 , a ⩽ x ⩽
π

2
where a <
π

2
.

(a) For a = − , sketch the graph of y

π

2
= g (x) . Indicate clearly the maximum and minimum
values of the function. [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

concave down and symmetrical over correct domain A1

indication of maximum and minimum values of the function (correct range) A1A1

[3 marks]

(b) Write down the least value of a such that g has an inverse. [1]

Markscheme

a =0 A1

Note: Award A1 for a = 0 only if consistent with their graph.

[1 mark]

(c.i) For the value of a found in part (b), write down the domain of g −1
. [1]
 Markscheme

1 ⩽ x ⩽ 5 A1

Note: Allow FT from their graph.

[1 mark]

(c.ii) For the value of a found in part (b), find an expression for g −1
.
(x) [2]

Markscheme

y = 4 cos x + 1

x = 4 cos y + 1

x−1

4
= cos y (M1)

x−1
⇒ y = arccos ( )
4

⇒ g
−1
(x) = arccos (
x−1

4
) A1

[2 marks]
82. [Maximum mark: 9] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.T_4
Consider the function f (x) =
27

x
2
− 16x, x ≠ 0 .

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for axis labels and some indication of scale; accept y or f(x).

Use of graph paper is not required. If no scale is given, assume the given window for zero and minimum
point.

Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape.

Award (A1) for x-intercept closer to y-axis than to end of sketch.

Award (A1) for correct local minimum with x-coordinate closer to y-axis than end of sketch and y-
coordinate less than half way to top of sketch.

Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1)(A1) if the sketch intersects the y-axis or if the sketch curves away from the y-axis
as x approaches zero.
 [4 marks]

(b.i) Use your graphic display calculator to find the zero of f (x). [1]

Markscheme

1.19 (1.19055…) (A1)

Note: Accept an answer of (1.19, 0).

Do not follow through from an incorrect sketch.

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Use your graphic display calculator to find the coordinates of the local minimum point. [2]

Markscheme

(−1.5, 36) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A0)(A1) if parentheses are omitted.

Accept x = −1.5, y = 36.

[2 marks]

(b.iii) Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent to the graph of y = f
(x) at the point (–2, 38.75).

Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]

Markscheme

y = −9.25x + 20.3 (y = −9.25x + 20.25) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −9.25x, award (A1) for +20.25, award a maximum of (A0)(A1) if answer is not an
equation.

[2 marks]
83. [Maximum mark: 9] 18N.3.AHL.TZ0.Hsrg_4
Consider the functions f , g : R × R → R × R defined by

f ((x, y)) = (x + y, x − y) and g ((x, y)) = (xy, x + y) .

(a.i) Find (f ∘ g) ((x, y)) . [3]

Markscheme

(f ∘ g) ((x, y)) = f (g ((x, y))) (= f ((xy, x + y)) ) (M1)

= (xy + x + y, xy − x − y) A1A1

[3 marks]

(a.ii) Find (g ∘ f ) ((x, y)) . [2]

Markscheme

(g ∘ f ) ((x, y)) = g (f ((x, y)))

= g ((x + y, x − y))

= ((x + y) (x − y), x + y + x − y)

= (x
2 2
− y , 2x) A1A1

[2 marks]

(b) State with a reason whether or not f and g commute. [1]

Markscheme

no because f ∘ g ≠ g ∘ f R1

Note: Accept counter example.

[1 mark]

(c) Find the inverse of f . [3]

Markscheme

f ((x, y)) = (a, b) ⇒ (x + y, x − y) = (a, b) (M1)

a+b
x =
{
2

a−b
(M1)
y =
2

A1
−1 x+y x−y
f ((x, y)) = ( , )
2 2

[3 marks]
84. [Maximum mark: 4] 18M.1.SL.TZ1.S_3
Consider a function f (x) , for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 . The following diagram shows the graph of f.

(c) On the grid above, sketch the graph of f −1. [4]

Markscheme
 A1A1A1A1 N4

Note: Award A1 for evidence of approximately correct reflection in y = x with correct curvature.

(y = x does not need to be explicitly seen)

Only if this mark is awarded, award marks as follows:

A1 for both correct invariant points in circles,

A1 for the three other points in circles,

A1 for correct domain.

[4 marks]
85. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ2.S_5
The following diagram shows the graph of a function f , for −4 ≤ x ≤ 2.

(a) On the same axes, sketch the graph of f (−x). [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

A2 N2

[2 marks]

(b) Another function, g, can be written in the form g (x) = a × f (x + b). The following
diagram shows the graph of g.
 [4]

Write down the value of a and of b.

Markscheme

recognizing horizontal shift/translation of 1 unit (M1)

eg b = 1, moved 1 right

recognizing vertical stretch/dilation with scale factor 2 (M1)

eg a = 2, y ×(−2)

a = −2, b = −1 A1A1 N2N2

[4 marks]
86. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.SL.TZ2.T_5
In this question, give all answers to two decimal places.

Karl invests 1000 US dollars (USD) in an account that pays a nominal annual interest of 3.5%, compounded
quarterly. He leaves the money in the account for 5 years.

(a.i) Calculate the amount of money he has in the account after 5 years. [3]

Markscheme

4×5
1000(1 +
3.5

4×100
) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution in compound interest formula, (A1) for correct substitution.

OR

N=5

I = 3.5

PV = 1000

P/Y = 1

C/Y = 4

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 4 seen, (M1) for other correct entries.

OR

N=5×4

I = 3.5

PV = 1000

P/Y = 1

C/Y = 4

Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 4 seen, (M1) for other correct entries.

= 1190.34 (USD) (A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution in compound interest formula, (A1) for correct substitution.

[3 marks]

(a.ii) Write down the amount of interest he earned after 5 years. [1]
 Markscheme

190.34 (USD) (A1)(ft) (C4)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for subtraction of 1000 from their part (a)(i). Follow through from (a)(i).

[1 mark]

(b) Karl decides to donate this interest to a charity in France. The charity receives 170 euros
(EUR). The exchange rate is 1 USD = t EUR.

Calculate the value of t. [2]

Markscheme

170

190.34
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for division of 170 by their part (a)(ii).

= 0.89 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from their part (a)(ii).

[2 marks]
87. [Maximum mark: 17] 18M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_9
5

Let f (x) =
2−3x

2x
3
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 0 .

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a local maximum at A. Find the coordinates of A. [5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to differentiate (M1)

f
′
(x) = −3x
−4
− 3x A1

Note: Award M1 for using quotient or product rule award A1 if correct derivative seen even
4 3 2 5
−15x ×2x −6x (2−3x )
in unsimplified form, for example f ′
(x) =
3
2
.
(2x )

−
3

x4
− 3x = 0 M1

⇒ x
5
= −1 ⇒ x = −1 A1

A (−1, −
5

2
) A1

[5 marks]

(b.i) Show that there is exactly one point of inflexion, B, on the graph of y .
= f (x) [5]

Markscheme

f
′′
(x) = 0 M1

f
′′
(x) = 12x
−5
− 3 (= 0) A1

Note: Award A1 for correct derivative seen even if not simplified.

A1
5
⇒ x = √ 4 (= 2 5 )

hence (at most) one point of inflexion R1

Note: This mark is independent of the two A1 marks above. If they have shown or stated their equation
has only one solution this mark can be awarded.

changes sign at x R1
′′ 5

f (x) = √ 4 (= 2 5
)

so exactly one point of inflexion

[5 marks]
(b.ii) The coordinates of B can be expressed in the form B(2 a
, b × 2
−3a
) where a, b∈ Q . Find the
value of a and the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

2
2
A1
5
x = √4 = 2 5 (⇒ a = )
5

2 2 6

f (2 5
) =
2−3×2
6 = −5 × 2
−
5
(⇒ b = −5) (M1)A1
2×2 5

Note: Award M1 for the substitution of their value for x into f (x).

[3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the position of the points A and B. [4]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

A1 for shape for x < 0

A1 for shape for x > 0
A1 for maximum at A
A1 for POI at B.

Note: Only award last two A1s if A and B are placed in the correct quadrants, allowing for follow
through.

[4 marks]
88. [Maximum mark: 17] 18M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_9
5

Let f (x) =
2−3x

2x
3
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 0 .

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a local maximum at A. Find the coordinates of A. [5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to differentiate (M1)

f
′
(x) = −3x
−4
− 3x A1

Note: Award M1 for using quotient or product rule award A1 if correct derivative seen even
4 3 2 5
−15x ×2x −6x (2−3x )
in unsimplified form, for example f ′
(x) =
3
2
.
(2x )

−
3

x4
− 3x = 0 M1

⇒ x
5
= −1 ⇒ x = −1 A1

A (−1, −
5

2
) A1

[5 marks]

(b.i) Show that there is exactly one point of inflexion, B, on the graph of y .
= f (x) [5]

Markscheme

f
′′
(x) = 0 M1

f
′′
(x) = 12x
−5
− 3 (= 0) A1

Note: Award A1 for correct derivative seen even if not simplified.

A1
5
⇒ x = √ 4 (= 2 5 )

hence (at most) one point of inflexion R1

Note: This mark is independent of the two A1 marks above. If they have shown or stated their equation
has only one solution this mark can be awarded.

changes sign at x R1
′′ 5

f (x) = √ 4 (= 2 5
)

so exactly one point of inflexion

[5 marks]
(b.ii) The coordinates of B can be expressed in the form B(2 a
, b × 2
−3a
) where a, b∈ Q . Find the
value of a and the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

2
2
A1
5
x = √4 = 2 5 (⇒ a = )
5

2 2 6

f (2 5
) =
2−3×2
6 = −5 × 2
−
5
(⇒ b = −5) (M1)A1
2×2 5

Note: Award M1 for the substitution of their value for x into f (x).

[3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the position of the points A and B. [4]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

A1 for shape for x < 0

A1 for shape for x > 0
A1 for maximum at A
A1 for POI at B.

Note: Only award last two A1s if A and B are placed in the correct quadrants, allowing for follow
through.

[4 marks]
89. [Maximum mark: 14] 18M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_10
The function f is defined by f (x) =
ax+b

cx+d
, for x ∈ R, x ≠ −
d

c
.

(a) Find the inverse function f −1

, stating its domain. [5]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to make x the subject of y =

ax+b

cx+d
M1

y (cx + d) = ax + b A1

A1
dy−b
x =
a−cy

f
−1
(x) =
dx−b

a−cx
A1

Note: Do not allow y = in place of f −1

(x) .

x ≠
a

c
, (x ∈ R) A1

Note: The final A mark is independent.

[5 marks]

The function g is defined by g (x) =

2x−3

x−2
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 2

(b.i) Express g (x) in the form A + B

x−2
where A, B are constants. [2]

Markscheme

g (x) = 2 +
x−2
1
A1A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Sketch the graph of y = g (x). State the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates
of any intercepts with the axes. [3]

Markscheme
 hyperbola shape, with single curves in second and fourth quadrants and third quadrant blank,
including vertical asymptote x = 2 A1

horizontal asymptote y = 2 A1

intercepts ( 3

2
, 0), (0,
3

2
) A1

[3 marks]

(c) The function h is defined by h (x) = √x , for x ≥ 0.

State the domain and range of h ∘ g. [4]

Markscheme

the domain of h ∘ g is x ⩽
3
2
, x > 2 A1A1

the range of h ∘ g is y ⩾ 0, y ≠ √2 A1A1

[4 marks]
90. [Maximum mark: 7] 18M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_2
(a) Sketch the graphs of y =
x

2
+ 1 and y = |x − 2| on the following axes.

[3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.
 straight line graph with correct axis intercepts A1

modulus graph: V shape in upper half plane A1

modulus graph having correct vertex and y-intercept A1

[3 marks]

(b) Solve the equation x

2
+ 1 = |x − 2| . [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to solve x

2
+ 1 = x − 2 (M1)

x = 6 A1

Note: Accept x = 6 using the graph.

attempt to solve (algebraically) x

2
+ 1 = 2 − x M1

x =
2

3
A1

[4 marks]

METHOD 2

2
M1
x 2
( + 1) = (x − 2)
2

2
x 2
+ x + 1 = x − 4x + 4
4

2
3x
0 = − 5x + 3
4

2
3x − 20x + 12 = 0

attempt to factorise (or equivalent) M1

(3x − 2) (x − 6) = 0

x =
2

3
A1

x = 6 A1

[4 marks]
91. [Maximum mark: 12] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.T_4
Consider the function f (x) =
48

x
+ kx
2
− 58 , where x > 0 and k is a constant.

The graph of the function passes through the point with coordinates (4 , 2).

(a) Find the value of k. [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

48

4
+ k × 4
2
− 58 = 2 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of x = 4 and y = 2 into the function.

k = 3 (A1) (G2)

[2 marks]

(b) Using your value of k , find f ′(x). [3]

Markscheme

−48

x
2
+ 6x (A1)(A1)(A1)(ft) (G3)

Note: Award (A1) for −48 , (A1) for x−2, (A1)(ft) for their 6x. Follow through from part (a). Award at most (A1)
(A1)(A0) if additional terms are seen.

[3 marks]

P is the minimum point of the graph of f (x).

(c) Use your answer to part (b) to show that the minimum value of f(x) is −22 . [3]

Markscheme

−48

x2
+ 6x = 0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for equating their part (b) to zero.

x = 2 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (b). Award (M1)(A1) for −48
2
+ 6 (2) = 0 seen.
(2)

Award (M0)(A0) for x = 2 seen either from a graphical method or without working.

48

2
+ 3 × 2
2
− 58 (= −22) (M1)
 Note: Award (M1) for substituting their 2 into their function, but only if the final answer is −22.
Substitution of the known result invalidates the process; award (M0)(A0)(M0).

−22 (AG)

[3 marks]

(e) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for 0 < x ≤ 6 and −30 ≤ y ≤ 60.
Clearly indicate the minimum point P and the x-intercepts on your graph. [4]

Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for correct window. Axes must be labelled.

(A1)(ft) for a smooth curve with correct shape and zeros in approximately correct positions relative to
each other.
(A1)(ft) for point P indicated in approximately the correct position. Follow through from their x-
coordinate in part (c). (A1)(ft) for two x-intercepts identified on the graph and curve reflecting asymptotic
properties.

[4 marks]
92. [Maximum mark: 11] 18M.2.SL.TZ2.T_6
Consider the curve y = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 2, for −1 < x < 3

(a) Sketch the curve for −1 < x < 3 and −2 < y < 12. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct window (condone a window which is slightly off ) and axes labels. An
indication of window is necessary. −1 to 3 on the x-axis and −2 to 12 on the y-axis and a graph in that
window.
(A1) for correct shape (curve having cubic shape and must be smooth).
(A1) for both stationary points in the 1st quadrant with approximate correct position,
(A1) for intercepts (negative x-intercept and positive y intercept) with approximate correct position.

[4 marks]

(b) A teacher asks her students to make some observations about the curve.

Three students responded.

Nadia said “The x-intercept of the curve is between −1 and zero”.
Rick said “The curve is decreasing when x < 1 ”.
Paula said “The gradient of the curve is less than zero between x = 1 and x = 2 ”.

State the name of the student who made an incorrect observation. [1]

Markscheme
 Rick (A1)

Note: Award (A0) if extra names stated.

[1 mark]

(d) Find
dy

dx
. [3]

Markscheme

6x2 − 18x + 12 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for each correct term. Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if extra terms seen.

[3 marks]

(f ) Given that y = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 2 = k has three solutions, find the possible values of k. [3]

Markscheme

6 < k < 7 (A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for an inequality with 6, award (A1)(ft) for an inequality with 7 from their part (c)
provided it is greater than 6, (A1) for their correct strict inequalities. Accept ]6, 7[ or (6, 7).

[3 marks]
93. [Maximum mark: 11] 18M.2.SL.TZ2.T_6
Consider the curve y = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 2, for −1 < x < 3

(a) Sketch the curve for −1 < x < 3 and −2 < y < 12. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct window (condone a window which is slightly off ) and axes labels. An
indication of window is necessary. −1 to 3 on the x-axis and −2 to 12 on the y-axis and a graph in that
window.
(A1) for correct shape (curve having cubic shape and must be smooth).
(A1) for both stationary points in the 1st quadrant with approximate correct position,
(A1) for intercepts (negative x-intercept and positive y intercept) with approximate correct position.

[4 marks]

(b) A teacher asks her students to make some observations about the curve.

Three students responded.

Nadia said “The x-intercept of the curve is between −1 and zero”.
Rick said “The curve is decreasing when x < 1 ”.
Paula said “The gradient of the curve is less than zero between x = 1 and x = 2 ”.

State the name of the student who made an incorrect observation. [1]

Markscheme
 Rick (A1)

Note: Award (A0) if extra names stated.

[1 mark]

(d) Find
dy

dx
. [3]

Markscheme

6x2 − 18x + 12 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for each correct term. Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if extra terms seen.

[3 marks]

(f ) Given that y = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 2 = k has three solutions, find the possible values of k. [3]

Markscheme

6 < k < 7 (A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for an inequality with 6, award (A1)(ft) for an inequality with 7 from their part (c)
provided it is greater than 6, (A1) for their correct strict inequalities. Accept ]6, 7[ or (6, 7).

[3 marks]
94. [Maximum mark: 18] 18M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_10
Consider the expression f (x) = tan (x +
π

4
)cot (
π

4
− x) .

(a.i) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for − 5π

8
⩽ x ⩽
π

8
. [2]

Markscheme

A1A1

A1 for correct concavity, many to one graph, symmetrical about the midpoint of the domain and with
two axes intercepts.

Note: Axes intercepts and scales not required.

A1 for correct domain

[2 marks]

(a.ii) With reference to your graph, explain why f is a function on the given domain. [1]

Markscheme

for each value of x there is a unique value of f (x) A1

Note: Accept “passes the vertical line test” or equivalent.

[1 mark]

(a.iii) Explain why f has no inverse on the given domain. [1]

Markscheme

no inverse because the function fails the horizontal line test or equivalent R1
 Note: No FT if the graph is in degrees (one-to-one).

[1 mark]

(a.iv) Explain why f is not a function for − 3π

4
⩽ x ⩽
π

4
. [1]

Markscheme

the expression is not valid at either of x =

π
4
(or −
3π
4
) R1

[1 mark]

The expression f (x) can be written as g (t) where t = tan x .

(b) Show that g (t) = (

1+t
)
2
. [3]
1−t

Markscheme

METHOD 1
π
tan(x+ )
f (x) = π
4
M1
tan( −x)
4

π
tan x+tan
4
π

M1A1
1−tan x tan
4
= π
tan −tan x
4
π
1+tan tan x
4

2
= (
1+t

1−t
) AG

METHOD 2

f (x) = tan (x +
π
4
)tan (
π
2
−
π
4
+ x) (M1)

= tan
2
(x +
π
4
) A1

π 2
tan x+tan
g (t) = (
1−tan x tan
4
π ) A1
4

2
= (
1+t

1−t
) AG

[3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = g (t) for t ≤ 0. Give the coordinates of any intercepts and the
equations of any asymptotes. [3]

Markscheme
 for t ≤ 0, correct concavity with two axes intercepts and with asymptote y = 1 A1

t intercept at (−1, 0) A1

y intercept at (0, 1) A1

[3 marks]

Let α, β be the roots of g (t) , where 0 < k < 1.

= k

(d.i) Find α and β in terms of k. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1
2

, β satisfy M1
(1+t)
α 2
= k
(1−t)

1 + t
2
+ 2t = k (1 + t
2
− 2t) A1

(k − 1)t
2
− 2 (k + 1)t + (k − 1) = 0 A1

attempt at using quadratic formula M1

α , β= k+1±2√ k

k−1
or equivalent A1

METHOD 2

α , β satisfy 1+t

1−t
= (±)√ k M1

t + √ kt = √ k − 1 M1
 (or equivalent) A1
√ k−1
t =
√ k+1

t − √ kt = − (√ k + 1) M1

(or equivalent) A1
√ k+1
t =
√ k−1

so for eg, α ,β=

√ k−1 √ k+1
=
√ k+1 √ k−1

[5 marks]

(d.ii) Show that α + β < −2. [2]

Markscheme

+ β= A1
(k+1) (1+k)
α 2 (= −2 )
(k−1) (1−k)

since 1 + k > 1 − k R1

α + β < −2 AG

Note: Accept a valid graphical reasoning.

[2 marks]
95. [Maximum mark: 1] 17N.1.SL.TZ0.T_2
The coordinates of point A are (6, − 7) and the coordinates of point B are (−6, . Point M is the midpoint
2)

of AB.

L1 is the line through A and B.

The line L is perpendicular to L and passes through M.

2 1

(c.ii) Write down, in the form y = mx + c , the equation of L .

2 [1]

Markscheme

y =
4

3
x −
5

2
(y = 1.33 … x − 2.5) (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from parts (c)(i) and (a). Award (A0) if final answer is not written in the form
y = mx + c.

[1 mark]
96. [Maximum mark: 6] 17N.1.SL.TZ0.S_5
Let f (x) = 1 + e and g(x)−x
= 2x + b , for x ∈ R , where b is a constant.

(a) Find (g ∘ f )(x). [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to form composite (M1)

egg(1 + e −x
)

correct function A1 N2

eg(g ∘ f )(x) = 2 + b + 2e
−x
, 2(1 + e
−x
) + b

[2 marks]

(b) Given that lim (g ∘ f )(x) = −3 , find the value of b. [4]

x→+∞

Markscheme

evidence of lim (2 + b + 2e
−x
) = 2 + b+ lim (2e
−x
) (M1)
x→∞ x→∞

eg2 + b + 2e −∞
, graph with horizontal asymptote when x → ∞

Note: Award M0 if candidate clearly has incorrect limit, such as x → 0, e

∞
, 2e
0
.

evidence that e −x
→ 0 (seen anywhere) (A1)

eg lim (e
−x
) = 0, 1 + e
−x
→ 1, 2(1) + b = −3, e
large negative number
→ 0 , graph of y = e
−x
or
x→∞

y = 2e
−x
with asymptote y = 0 , graph of composite function with asymptote y = −3

correct working (A1)

eg2 + b = −3

b = −5 A1 N2

[4 marks]
97. [Maximum mark: 6] 17N.1.SL.TZ0.S_5
Let f (x) = 1 + e and g(x)−x
= 2x + b , for x ∈ R , where b is a constant.

(a) Find (g ∘ f )(x). [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

attempt to form composite (M1)

egg(1 + e −x
)

correct function A1 N2

eg(g ∘ f )(x) = 2 + b + 2e
−x
, 2(1 + e
−x
) + b

[2 marks]

(b) Given that lim (g ∘ f )(x) = −3 , find the value of b. [4]

x→+∞

Markscheme

evidence of lim (2 + b + 2e
−x
) = 2 + b+ lim (2e
−x
) (M1)
x→∞ x→∞

eg2 + b + 2e −∞
, graph with horizontal asymptote when x → ∞

Note: Award M0 if candidate clearly has incorrect limit, such as x → 0, e

∞
, 2e
0
.

evidence that e −x
→ 0 (seen anywhere) (A1)

eg lim (e
−x
) = 0, 1 + e
−x
→ 1, 2(1) + b = −3, e
large negative number
→ 0 , graph of y = e
−x
or
x→∞

y = 2e
−x
with asymptote y = 0 , graph of composite function with asymptote y = −3

correct working (A1)

eg2 + b = −3

b = −5 A1 N2

[4 marks]
98. [Maximum mark: 9] 17N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_6
(a) Sketch the graph of y = 1−3x

x−2
, showing clearly any asymptotes and stating the coordinates
of any points of intersection with the axes.

[4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

correct vertical asymptote A1

 shape including correct horizontal asymptote A1

(0,

(b)
1

3
, 0)

Markscheme

METHOD 1

−(
1−3x

x−2

⇒ x = 1
−

Note: Accept x

[4 marks]
1
2
A1

) A1

=
1

3
and y

Hence or otherwise, solve the inequality

= 2

1−3x

x−2
(M1)

A1

) = 2 (M1)
= −
1

∣
marked on the axes.

1−3x

x−2
< 2 .

Note: Award this M1 for the line above or a correct sketch identifying a second critical value.

⇒ x = −3 A1
[5]
solution is −3 < x < 1 A1

METHOD 2

|1 − 3x| < 2 |x − 2|, x ≠ 2

1 − 6x + 9x
2
< 4(x
2
− 4x + 4) (M1)A1

2 2
1 − 6x + 9x < 4x − 16x + 16

2
5x + 10x − 15 < 0

x
2
+ 2x − 3 < 0 A1

(x + 3)(x − 1) < 0 (M1)

solution is −3 < x < 1 A1

METHOD 3

1−3x
−2 < < 2
x−2

consider 1−3x

x−2
< 2 (M1)

Note: Also allow consideration of “>” or “=” for the awarding of the M mark.

recognition of critical value at x = 1 A1

consider −2 <
1−3x

x−2
(M1)

Note: Also allow consideration of “>” or “=” for the awarding of the M mark.

recognition of critical value at x = −3 A1

solution is −3 < x < 1 A1

[5 marks]
99. [Maximum mark: 16] 17N.2.SL.TZ0.T_5
A function f is given by f (x) 2
= (2x + 2)(5 − x ) .

(a) Find the exact value of each of the zeros of f . [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or
structure.

−1, √ 5, − √5 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for –1 and each exact value seen. Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1) for use of 2.23606…
instead of √5.

[3 marks]

(b.i) Expand the expression for f (x). [1]

Markscheme

10x − 2x
3
+ 10 − 2x
2
(A1)

Notes: The expansion may be seen in part (b)(ii).

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Find f ′
.
(x) [3]

Markscheme

10 − 6x
2
− 4x (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Notes: Follow through from part (b)(i). Award (A1)(ft) for each correct term. Award at most (A1)(ft)(A1)
(ft)(A0) if extra terms are seen.
 [3 marks]

(c) Use your answer to part (b)(ii) to find the values of x for which f is increasing. [3]

Markscheme

10 − 6x
2
− 4x > 0 (M1)

Notes: Award (M1) for their f ′

(x) > 0 . Accept equality or weak inequality.

−1.67 < x < 1 (−

5

3
< x < 1, − 1.66666 … < x < 1) (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(G2)

Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for correct endpoints, (A1)(ft) for correct weak or strict inequalities. Follow
through from part (b)(ii). Do not award any marks if there is no answer in part (b)(ii).

[3 marks]

(d) Draw the graph of f for −3 ⩽ x ⩽ 3 and −40 ⩽ y ⩽ 20. Use a scale of 2 cm to represent 1
unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 5 units on the y-axis. [4]

Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)
 Notes: Award (A1) for correct scale; axes labelled and drawn with a ruler.

Award (A1)(ft) for their correct x-intercepts in approximately correct location.

Award (A1) for correct minimum and maximum points in approximately correct location.

Award (A1) for a smooth continuous curve with approximate correct shape. The curve should be in the
given domain.

Follow through from part (a) for the x-intercepts.

[4 marks]

The graph of the function g(x) = 5

x
+ 6x − 6 intersects the graph of f .

(e) Write down the coordinates of the point of intersection. [2]

Markscheme

(1.49, 13.9) ((1.48702 … , 13.8714 …)) (G1)(ft)(G1)(ft)

Notes: Award (G1) for 1.49 and (G1) for 13.9 written as a coordinate pair. Award at most (G0)(G1) if
parentheses are missing. Accept x = 1.49 and y = 13.9. Follow through from part (b)(i).

[2 marks]
100. [Maximum mark: 17] 17N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_10
Consider the function f (x) .
√x
= , 0 < x < π
sin x

(a.i) Show that the x-coordinate of the minimum point on the curve y = f (x) satisfies the
equation tan x = 2x. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to use quotient rule or product rule M1

1
1 −
sin x( x 2 )−√x cos x

A1A1
2 √x cos x
′ 1
f (x) = 2
(= − 2
)
sin x 2√x sin x sin x

Note: Award A1 for or equivalent and A1 for − or equivalent.

1 √x cos x
2
2√x sin x sin x

setting f ′
(x) = 0 M1

sin x
− √ x cos x = 0
2√x

sin x

2√x
= √x cos x or equivalent A1

tan x = 2x AG

[5 marks]

(a.ii) Determine the values of x for which f (x) is a decreasing function. [2]

Markscheme

x = 1.17

0 < x ⩽ 1.17 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for 0 < x and A1 for x ⩽ 1.17 . Accept x < 1.17 .

[2 marks]

(b) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the minimum point and any asymptotic
behaviour. [3]
 Markscheme

concave up curve over correct domain with one minimum point above the x-axis. A1

approaches x = 0 asymptotically A1

approaches x = π asymptotically A1

Note: For the final A1 an asymptote must be seen, and π must be seen on the x-axis or in an equation.

[3 marks]

(c) Find the coordinates of the point on the graph of f where the normal to the graph is parallel
to the line y = −x. [4]

Markscheme

1
1 −
sin x( x 2 )−√x cos x

(A1)
2
′
f (x) (= 2
) = 1
sin x

attempt to solve for x (M1)

x = 1.96 A1

y = f (1.96 …)

= 1.51 A1

[4 marks]

Consider the region bounded by the curve y , the x-axis and the lines x
= f (x) =
π
6
, x =
π
3
.
(d) This region is now rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis. Find the volume of
revolution. [3]

Markscheme

V = π∫
3
π
xdx
2
(M1)(A1)
6 sin x

Note: M1 is for an integral of the correct squared function (with or without limits and/or π).

= 2.68 (= 0.852π) A1

[3 marks]

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2023