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Notes Major landforms of the Earth

The document covers major landforms of the Earth, focusing on mountains, plateaus, and plains, particularly in India. It explains classifications, formation processes, and the significance of these landforms, including their impact on human habitation and resources. Additionally, it discusses the role of human activities in landslide occurrences and highlights the diverse landforms found in the UAE.

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15 views

Notes Major landforms of the Earth

The document covers major landforms of the Earth, focusing on mountains, plateaus, and plains, particularly in India. It explains classifications, formation processes, and the significance of these landforms, including their impact on human habitation and resources. Additionally, it discusses the role of human activities in landslide occurrences and highlights the diverse landforms found in the UAE.

Uploaded by

msd.masood.uae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025

Notes
Grade :6 Subject : Social Science
(Geography)
Lesson: 6- Major Landforms of the Earth

A Answer the following questions in 10-20 words.


1. Name two mountain ranges, two plateaus and two plains that are located in India?
Answer: The two mountain ranges -The Great Himalayas, The Aravalli ranges, Vindhya and Satpura
ranges.
The two plateaus -Deccan Plateau, Chota Nagpur Plateau
The two plains -The Indo-Gangetic plains, Terai plains
2. Classify mountains on the basis of their origin. Give an example of each
Answer: Mountains can be classified based on their origin into three main types: Fold mountains,
Block mountains, and Volcanic mountains
Fold mountains: The Himalayas(India,Nepal) The Alpes (Europe) ,The Aravalli (India)
Block mountains: Vindhya(India), satpura(India) ,vosges(France-Europe), Rhyne River
valley(Germany-Europe)
Volcanic mountains:Mt.Fuji(Japan) ,Mt.Vesuvius (italy) ,Mt.Kilimanjaro(Tanzania-Africa)
3. Why are mountain regions scantily populated?
Answer: The mountain regions have scanty population, because steep slopes, lack of agricultural
land, lack of transport facilities and extreme cold climate makes them unsuitable for human
habitation
4. What is the difference between plateaus and plains?
Answer: Plateaus are elevated, often with flat tops, and steep slopes on sides, while plains are flat,
low-lying areas typically found at low elevations. Plateaus form through tectonic or volcanic
processes, while plains form mainly through erosion or sediment deposition from rivers or seas.
B Answer the following questions in 50-70 words.
1. Distinguish between a fold mountain and a block mountain.
Answer: A fold Mountain is formed by compression and folding of rock layers due to tectonic plate
collision. When the layers of sediments are compressed from both sides ,they are squeezed and
folded, gradually they get uplifted and form fold mountains . Where as a block mountain formed by
faulting where blocks of Earth's crust are displaced due to tension or compression.Cracks or faults
occur in earth’s crust and the layers of rocks break down into several blocks .These blocks either
uplifted or subside along the fault.
2. Compare the physical features of young fold mountains with those of old fold mountains.
Answer: The young fold mountains are very high, with steep slopes and sharp, pointed peaks . The
Himalayas, the Alps, the Andes and the Rockies are all young fold mountains formed in the recent
geological ages . The old fold mountains are low in height and have gentle slopes and rounded
peaks. The forces of erosion have acted upon them for millions of years and have considerably worn
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them down. The old fold mountains like the Urals, the Appalachians and the Aravallis are some
examples .
3. How are volcanic mountains formed? Give examples.
Answer: During volcanic activity, hot molten magma, together with ash, cinder, smoke etc. comes
out from deep inside the Earth through openings or vents in the crust. Magma is called lava when it
reaches the surface.When lava cools down, it solidifies, forming a volcanic cone, which gradually
builds up in size and becomes a mountain. Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Mt.
Vesuvius in Italy are examples of volcanic mountains.
4. How are alluvial plains formed? Name any two such plains.
Answer: Alluvial plains are formed through the deposition of sediments (sand, silt, clay, and gravel)
by rivers. The process involves:

1. Erosion: Rivers erode rocks and soil from higher areas.


2. Transportation: The eroded materials are carried downstream by the river.
3. Deposition: When the river slows down (in valleys or floodplains), it deposits the
sediments, creating flat land.
4. Flooding: Rivers overflow during floods, depositing additional layers of fertile soil, which
enriches the land.

These plains are fertile and ideal for agriculture.Two well-known examples of alluvial plains are the
Indo-Gangetic Plain in India and the Amazon Basin Plain in South America.
C Answer the following questions in 80-100 words.
1. Explain the importance of plateaus as a natural resource.
Answer: Plateaus are useful to us in the following ways:
 Plateaus are rich in mineral deposits. The African Plateau is rich in gold, diamond, copper,
uranium, etc. In India, the Deccan and the Chota Nagpur plateaus have vast reserves of coal,
iron-ore, manganese, bauxite, etc.
 Rivers in the plateau regions form waterfalls as they drop abruptly down the steep slopes.
These waterfalls are utilised for generation of hydroelectricity. The Victoria Falls in Africa,
the Niagara Falls in North America and the Jog Falls in India are some examples.
 Volcanic plateaus are rich in black soil. They are very fertile and good for crops like cotton
and sugar cane.
 The natural beauty of plateau areas also attracts many tourists.
2. Why do 90% of the world population live on plains? Give examples to illustrate your answer.
Answer. The primary reasons why 90% of the world's population lives on plains are fertile soil, flat
terrain, availability of water, mild climate, and ease of transportation and connectivity. Plains are
more conducive to agriculture, settlement, and economic development, making them highly
populated regions. Examples like the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Great Plains, and the Yangtze River
Plain illustrate this pattern of settlement.
D Think and answer.
12. Landslides are common in mountain regions.Do you think human activities play an important role
here? Give reason to support your answer.
Answer: Yes, I agree that. Human activities do play an important role in triggering landslides in
mountain regions. Key reasons include:

1. Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture or logging removes vegetation that stabilizes
the soil, making slopes more prone to erosion and landslides.
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2. Construction: Building roads, buildings, and infrastructure on mountain slopes often
destabilizes the land, increasing the risk of soil sliding.
3. Mining: Excavation and mining activities disturb the land, weakening the stability of the
slopes and contributing to landslides.
4. Water Diversion: Activities like dam construction or irrigation can saturate the soil, making
it more vulnerable to sliding.
5. Urbanization: Expanding cities on steep slopes increases pressure on the land, leading to
instability and landslides.

Overall, these activities disturb the natural balance of mountain ecosystems, significantly increasing
the likelihood of landslides.
UAE Link
Types of landforms in UAE
In UAE, you can find mountains, deserts, plains, islands, coastal areas, oases, and wadis. These
landforms contribute to the country's diverse geography and play a significant role in shaping its
environment, economy, and human settlements

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