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Lab No-5 & 6

The document outlines a laboratory experiment focused on determining the angle of friction and coefficients of static and dynamic friction using an inclined plane and various materials. It details the apparatus, theoretical background, procedures for measurement, and methods for calculating friction coefficients. The document also includes sections for data analysis, results, sources of error, and physical applications.

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Arslan Arif
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Lab No-5 & 6

The document outlines a laboratory experiment focused on determining the angle of friction and coefficients of static and dynamic friction using an inclined plane and various materials. It details the apparatus, theoretical background, procedures for measurement, and methods for calculating friction coefficients. The document also includes sections for data analysis, results, sources of error, and physical applications.

Uploaded by

Arslan Arif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab # 05: Inclined Plane and Static Friction

Objective:
To determine the angle of friction and coefficient of static friction between
various materials.
Apparatus:
i. Inclined plane (Resopal)
ii. Sliders (Brass, Steel, Aluminum, Polypropylene)
iii. Thread
iv. Weights with weight hanger
Parameters:
i. Consider the system in which, string is mass less and pulley is frictionless,
ii. Mass of block on the Inclined plane = m1
iii. Hanging mass = m2
iv. Angle of the inclined plane = θ
v. Normal force for m1 = FN
vi. Tension in the string for m1 = T1
vii. Tension in the string for m2 = T2
viii. Seeing that we considered string is mass less and pulley is frictionless, then
T1 = T2 = T
ix. Acceleration for block with mass m1 = a1
x. Acceleration for mass m2 = a2
xi. As we considered string is mass less and pulley is frictionless, then a1 = a2 = a
xii. Force of static friction = fs
xiii. Force of kinetic friction = fk
xiv. Gravitational force on m1 = m1g = W1
xv. Gravitational force on m2 = m2g = W2

Material
Mass (kg) Weight (N)
Combination

Load Hanger 0.1 Kg 1N


Aluminum/Steel/
1 Kg 10 N
Brass/Polypropylene
Data and Analysis:

In this section, we will discuss all the measurements and the calculations we took
and did.

Part (a): To Find The Coefficient of Static Friction:

Method 1:

Theory:

Σ F y =ma y

+ F N −mgcosθ=m(0)

F N =mgcosθ (1)

Σ F x =max

At the verge of motion, we can


write,

+ f s−mgsinθ=m(0)

f s=mgsinθ

f s=μ s F N =mgsinθ

μs F N =mgsinθ (2)

Substitute the value of FN from equation (1) in (2)

μs mgcosθ=mgsinθ

mgsinθ sinθ
μs = = =tanθ
mgcosθ cosθ

μs =tanθ

Procedure:

1. Place the inclined plane in the


balanced horizontal condition.
2. Place the block on the inclined plane
3. Note the position of block
4. Tilt the plane by increasing the angle
of the block
5. When the block starts to moves, fix
the position of inclined plane
6. Measure the angle of the inclined plane by using protractor
7. Note the horizontal and vertical displacements
8. Draw the table and calculate the angle and coefficient of friction.

Results:

Sr.
Material Combination θ protractor μs =tanθ
#
1.

2.

3.

4.

Method 2:

Theory:

𝑇1=𝑇2=𝑇

For m1:

Σ F y =m1 a y

+ F N −m1 gcosθ=m1 (0)

F N =m1 gcosθ (1)

Σ F x =max

At the verge of motion, we can


write,

−f s +T −m1 gsinθ=m1 ( 0)

−μ s F N +T −m1 gsinθ=0

Substitute the value of FN from equation (1)

−μ s m1 gcosθ +T −m1 gsinθ=0 (2)

For m2:

Σ F y =ma y

+T −m2 g=m2 ( 0 )=0


T =m2 g (3)

Now

Substitute the value of T from (3) in equation (2)

−μ s m1 gcosθ +m2 g−m1 gsinθ=0

m2−m1 sinθ
μs =
m1 cosθ

Procedure:

1. Place the inclined plane in the balanced condition


2. Fix a certain angle
3. Note the angle used
4. Measure the mass of m1
5. Attach the block with thread
6. Place the block on the inclined plane at a known position, and pass the string
over the pulley so that the hanger should be in hanging position
7. Note the position of block and then add a little mass to hanger
8. Note the mass m2 which you added in the hanger, the fixed angle, and μ s
(which you have calculated earlier)
9. For the fix angle of the inclined plane, add mass in hanger in small
increments, and note the readings
10. Keep adding the mass until the block moves
11. Calculate the μs by using the table.

Results:

m2−m1 sinθ
μs =
m1 cosθ

Material Combination: _________________________________

Sr. # m1 m2 θ μs

1.

2.

3.

4.

Average
Lab # 06: Inclined Plane and Dynamic Friction

Objective:
To determine the coefficient of dynamic friction between various materials.

Apparatus:
i. Inclined plane
ii. Sliders (Brass, Steel, Aluminum, Nylon)
iii. Thread
iv. Weights with weight hanger

Method 1:

Theory:

Σ F y =ma y

+ F N −mgcosθ=m(0)

F N =mgcosθ (1)

Σ F x =max

Just as the block stops, we can write,

+ f k −mgsinθ=m(0)

f k =mgsinθ

f k =μk F N =mgsinθ

μk F N =mgsinθ (2)

Substitute the value of FN from


equation (1) in (2)

μk mgcosθ=mgsinθ

mgsinθ sinθ
μk = = =tanθ
mgcosθ cosθ

μk =tanθ
Procedure:

1. Place the inclined plane and block at


an angle greater than the angle that
was in the static case
2. Tilt the plane by decreasing the
angle
3. When the block stops to moves, fix
the position of inclined plane
4. Note the angle of inclined plane and
block
5. Note the horizontal and vertical
displacements for the block
6. Measure the angle of the inclined plane by using protractor
7. Draw the table and calculate the angle and coefficient of friction.

Results:

Sr. # Material Combination θ protractor μk =tan θk


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Sources of Error:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Conclusion:

Physical Applications:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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