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Linear Algebra II Worksheet II

The document is a worksheet from the Department of Mathematics at Addis Ababa University, focusing on topics in Linear Algebra II. It includes various problems related to inner products, vector spaces, orthogonality, and the Gram-Schmidt process. The exercises require proofs and applications of concepts in linear algebra, including finding orthonormal bases and LU decompositions.

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12 views

Linear Algebra II Worksheet II

The document is a worksheet from the Department of Mathematics at Addis Ababa University, focusing on topics in Linear Algebra II. It includes various problems related to inner products, vector spaces, orthogonality, and the Gram-Schmidt process. The exercises require proofs and applications of concepts in linear algebra, including finding orthonormal bases and LU decompositions.

Uploaded by

danielmekuriaw72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addis Ababa University

Department of Mathematics
Linear Algebra II Worksheet II
1. Show that the function that takes ((x1 , x2 ), (y1 , y2 )) ∈ R2 × R2 to |x1 y1 | + |x2 y2 | is not
an inner product on R2 .

2. Show that the function that takes ((x1 , x2 , x3 ), (y1 , y2 , y3 )) ∈ R2 × R2 to x1 y1 + |x3 y3 |


is not an inner product on R3 .

3. Suppose V is a real vector space.

a) Show that ⟨u + v, u − v⟩ = ||u||2 − ||v||2 for every u, v ∈ V .


b) Show that if u, v ∈ V have the same norm, then u + v is orthogonal to u − v.
c) Use part (b) to show that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each
other.

4. Suppose that u, v ∈ V . Prove that

a) ⟨u, v⟩ = 0 if and only if ||u|| ≤ ||u + av|| for all a ∈ F .


b) ||au + bv|| = ||bu + av|| for all a, b ∈ R if and only if ||u|| = ||v||.
c) If ||u|| = ||v|| = 1 and ⟨u, v⟩ = 1, then u = v.

5. Find two vectors u, v ∈ R2 such that u is a scalar multiple of (1, 3), v is orthogonal to
(1, 3), and (1, 2) = u + v.

6. suppose V is a real inner product space. Prove that

||u + v||2 − ||u − v||2


⟨u, v⟩ =
4
for all u, v ∈ V . Show that S1 = {(cosθ, sinθ), (−sinθ, cosθ)} and S2 = {(cosθ, sinθ), (sinθ, −cosθ)}
are orthonormal basis of R2 .

7. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to construct an orthonormal basis for R3 (with the
usual dot product) starting from the following basis.

a) {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}.


b) {(2, 0, 3), (−1, 0, 5), (10, −7, 2)}. Write the vector (7, 4, −2) as a linear combina-
tion of each of the new basis.

1
8. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to construct an orthonormal basis for M2×2 with the
inner product given by ⟨A, B⟩ = tr(B T A) starting from the basis
     
1 1 1 1 1 0
, , .
1 1 1 0 0 0
 
1 2
Write the matrix as a linear combination of each of the new basis.
3 4

9. Consider V = P2 (R), Use the Gram-Schmidt process to construct an orthonormal


basis for P2 (R) with the inner product given by
R1
a) ⟨f, g⟩ = 0 f (x)g(x)dx starting with basis {1, x, x2 }. Write the vector x2 − 2x + 3
as a linear combination of each of the new basis.
b) ⟨f, g⟩ = a0 b0 +a1 b1 +a2 b2 , (where f (x) = a0 +a1 x+a2 x2 and g(x) = b0 +b1 x+b2 x2 )
starting with basis {2 + 3x2 , 5x2 − 1, 10 − 7x + 2x2 }.

10. For each of the following matrices, find the LU decomposition by using

i) Doolite’s method
ii) Court’s method
iii) Choleskey’s method
   
2 3 4 2 −2 −3
a) A =  −1 2 5  c) C =  −2 5 4 
 0 1 1   −3 4 5 
4 −7 0 6 15 21
b) B =  1 3 2  d) D =  −13 2 20 
1 5 2 7 11 −6
11. Find a QR
 decomposition
√  of each of 
the followingmatrices.
1 5 4 −7 0
a) A =  2 0
√
 b) B =  1 3 2 
0 − 5 1 5 2
 
−1 −1 1
 1 3 3 
c) C = 
 −1 −1 5 

1 3 7

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