MECHANICAL DM-0601-01

Section Subject APRROVED Page

Sep-14-2011
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1.0 GENERAL

1.1 APPLICATION

1.1.1 This Section applies to:

• Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) of stations and electrical

substations.
• Air temperature control, air pressure control, and ventilation of associated
public areas of underground stations (passageways & platforms).
• Coordination of general ventilation with emergency ventilation requirements.

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1.1.2 See DM-0102, Fire/Life Safety, for associated fire protection requirements, and
DM-0701, Auxiliary Electrical Systems for power and control aspects.

1.1.3 See DM-0607, Fire Ventilation, for emergency ventilation requirements of

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tunnels and associated public areas.

1.1.4 Unless specifically indicated, the requirements of this Section apply to new
construction only.

1.1.5 The requirements of this section are subject to confirmation by TTC

Stakeholders on a project by project basis. Any variances requested by
Stakeholders shall be subject to the design variance approval process.
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1.1.6 TTC Stakeholders shall be consulted to establish special requirements
associated with systems and equipment not indicated specifically in this
manual.
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1.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

• Provide temperature, pressure and velocity control in order to achieve an

environment that will provide an acceptable level of safety and comfort for
both passengers and operating personnel.
• Provide the necessary environmental control required for proper operation of
the transit system (including supporting equipment rooms), throughout all
normal and emergency operational conditions.
• Where feasible, provide efficient energy use through heat recovery,
economizers and other green initiatives.
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1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS

1.3.1 The design shall generally conform to applicable sections, standards, codes and
documents of the following regulatory and advisory agencies:

• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

(ASHRAE)
• Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), NFPA
No. 130 Fixed Guideway Transit Systems
• Ontario Building Code (OBC)

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• Ontario Electrical Safety Code (OESC)
• Ontario Fire Code (OFC)
• Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association

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(SMACNA).
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Model National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB)

1.3.2 Codes referenced herein may include year of issue, so that the designer may
accurately locate the content and intention of the reference. Nonetheless, the
requirements of the most current version of the code shall be applied.
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1.3.3 Where revisions and updates to references result in conflicts, the designer shall
seek clarification before proceeding with the design.

1.4 DESIGN METHODS

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1.4.1 The analytical design of the ventilation systems serving the tunnels and public
areas of underground rapid transit stations shall be carried out by the use of
applicable computer models. Refer to DM-0607, Fire Ventilation, for additional
requirements.

1.4.2 The United States Department of Transportation - Subway Environmental

Design Handbook, Volume II contains a subway environmental simulation (SES)
model which can be applied to tunnels and piston induced station public area
ventilation. Details are contained in the Users and Programmer's manuals of
the handbook.

1.4.3 Additional computational fluid dynamic models shall be utilized to assess

station public area emergency ventilation.
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1.4.4 Heating and cooling loads for station rooms shall be calculated utilizing latest
versions of Carrier HAP software (or equal), and/or design spreadsheets and
forms incorporating recognized formulae and design factors from ASHRAE.
Design conditions shall be appropriate for the station and surrounding natural
environment; details are provided under DM-0601-02, Design Parameters for
Normal Operation.

1.4.5 Piston induced ventilation shall not be used for the following applications:

• In general, for rooms where mechanical ventilation is required by code.

• Battery rooms, signal rooms and other rooms housing equipment and
operations critical to the operation of the transit system.

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• Rooms with electrical hazard classifications of Class I Div 1 or Class I Div 2.
• Rooms sensitive to brake dust and other contaminants generated by
operation of the transit system.
•
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Any other area where the level of induced ventilation is determined to be
insufficient for the requirement.

1.5 COORDINATION

1.5.1 The ventilation concept for the station shall consider various factors that may
impact the design as described by the following items:
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• If emergency tunnel ventilation will also provide general ventilation to the
tunnel and/or station.
• If platform edge doors are implemented, whether or not there will be a
separate system for station-side ventilation and/or fire ventilation.
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• The effectiveness of piston-effect ventilation and whether or not

supplemental ventilation is necessary.
• The implementation of energy recovery and other green initiatives.

1.5.2 Measures shall be provided, such as interlocking, where the operation of

emergency ventilation may have adverse effects on the operation of general
ventilation, or vice-versa. Refer to DM-0601-02 and DM-0607 for specific
requirements.

1.6 PERFORMANCE VALIDATION, ACCEPTANCE AND COMMISSIONING

1.6.1 All ventilation systems shall be formally commissioned in accordance with the
requirements of relevant TTC Master Specifications and ASHRAE Guideline 0 –
The Commissioning Process.
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1.6.2 Detailed commissioning procedures shall be developed for each type of

ventilation system. Where provided, the commissioning procedures outlined in
the relevant equipment specifications shall be adopted.

1.6.3 An air balancing report shall be provided for each system, validating that the
design criteria (air flow, air changes, fresh air quantities, pressurization, etc.)
have been achieved within the tolerances indicated within TTC Master
Specifications.

1.6.4 To the extent possible, equipment performance shall be validated under the
following scenarios:

• Typical conditions expected during normal operations.

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• The most onerous or demanding operating condition.
• Validation of equipment interlocks.
• Summer and winter design days.
•
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Simulated emergency conditions; fire alarms, fire ventilation.
• Simulated equipment faults; to validate operation of back-up equipment.
• Commercial power failure; recovery after commercial power resumes.

1.7 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

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1.7.1 The design of mechanical systems shall facilitate compliance with TTC standard
operating procedures, safety requirements, etc.

1.7.2 Relevant TTC operating procedures shall be read in conjunction with the Design
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Manual. All necessary features required to comply with an operating procedure

shall be incorporated into the design.

1.7.3 Products (chemicals, lubricants, cleaners, etc.) utilized in the maintenance of

facilities and equipment often have specific ventilation requirements for their
storage and use. Refer to the MSDS for each product to ensure adequate
ventilation has been provided.

1.8 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

1.8.1 HVAC equipment and associated appurtenances shall be accessible for

operation and maintenance.

1.8.2 Sufficient space shall be allowed for component removal and replacement at
the machine without having to disassemble or remove adjacent equipment. A
sufficient lay down area shall also be included in the layout of each room.
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These space requirements shall be indicated by dotted outlines on design

drawings.

1.8.3 HVAC equipment shall not be located over open stairwells, the track way and
other areas that are difficult or potentially dangerous to access.

1.8.4 Equipment locations shall avoid areas where:

• Facility operations in the area would create a safety hazard to the

maintainer,
• Maintenance activities and associated access equipment (ladders, lifts,
platforms, etc.) would result in unacceptable impacts to normal facility
operation,

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• Maintenance activities could result in safety hazards to the public and other
TTC employees,
• The public normally has access or public access would be difficult to
control,
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• Access for maintenance would be restricted to non-operating hours only.

1.8.5 HVAC equipment, dampers, filters and other accessories shall be arranged in a
systematic manner in places accessible for operation without the use of chain
wheel operators, additional access platforms such as scaffolding, or ladders
requiring fall restraint procedures.
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1.8.6 To the extent possible HVAC equipment shall be located within rooms
accessible to the trade responsible for their maintenance (i.e. the trade would
normally carry the necessary keys, such as a TTC “BM” key, for access).
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Restricted and other secure rooms shall be avoided.

1.8.7 HVAC equipment shall be floor-mounted to the extent practical.

1.8.8 Housekeeping pads shall be provided for all floor-mounted equipment.

1.8.9 Ceiling-mounted and wall-mounted HVAC equipment weighing more than [50
kg - TBD] shall not be permitted unless accepted by Plant Maintenance. Such
equipment shall not require frequent maintenance.

1.8.10 All dials of gauges and indicators shall be of sufficient size and arranged so as
to be easily seen, read and operated from floor level.

1.8.11 Systems shall be arranged in a manner such that fall restraint procedures or
confined space access procedures are avoided to the greatest extent possible.
Modifications and deviations from standard design arrangements involving fall
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restraint or confined spaces shall be reviewed with stakeholders on a case by

case basis. Refer to DM-0108-02 for additional requirements.

1.8.12 In most cases, HVAC equipment will be replaced in whole (or large pieces) at
one or more times throughout the lifetime of the facility. Provide arrangements
that facilitate removal, delivery and replacement of equipment without
significant impact to the facility operation. The use of tunnels and public areas
for removal and delivery of equipment shall be avoided to the extent practical.

1.8.13 Refer to “Product Quality” section for additional maintenance requirements.

1.9 PRODUCT QUALITY

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1.9.1 Specifications for HVAC equipment and materials shall identify products of the
highest quality consistent with the function and longevity of the facility. Refer
to TTC Master Specifications for standards of acceptance.

1.9.2
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Alternatives to products indicated in the TTC Master Specifications shall be
subject to review and acceptance by Plant Maintenance and other TTC
departments.

1.9.3 Ductwork, fittings and associated appurtenances not easily accessible for
replacement: Selected and specified to perform for the service life of the facility
and not less than 50 years.
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1.9.4 HVAC equipment: Selected and specified to perform for at least 15 years for
unitary equipment, and at least 25 years for built-up air handling systems.

1.9.5 As it is unlikely that HVAC equipment will outlive the facility, provisions to
replace the equipment in whole or part shall be provided. Refer to “Maintenance
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Requirements” for additional information.

1.9.6 Maintenance: Products shall be selected for minimal maintenance. Preventative

maintenance shall be required in no less than 3 month scheduled intervals.

1.9.7 Service reliability: Products shall have reliable and predictable service. Where
the product is critical to the function of the facility, and the product must be
taken out of service for maintenance and/or repairs, alternatives to maintain the
function must be included in the design. TTC stakeholders shall define the
standard of acceptance in this regard.

1.9.8 Products shall be compliant with green procurement standards. This shall
include:
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• Product manufactured utilizing practices that have minimized the impact on

the environment.
• Product has efficient energy performance.
• Product requires minimal consumables over its service life.
• Maintenance and use of the product does not generate undesirable waste.
• At the end of its life, the product can be recycled and/or safely disposed.

END OF SECTION

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