CE-117: Engineering Mechanics

MODULE 7:

Geometrical properties of Plane areas-II

(Moment of inertia, Polar Moment of inertia & Product of Inertia)

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 Lecture Objectives

To develop a method for determining the moment of inertia and product
of inertia for an area.
 To calculate the moment of inertia and product of inertia for
composite areas area.
The design of these structural members
requires calculation of their cross-sectional
moment of inertia.

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Moment of inertia of area

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Moment of inertia of area

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Polar moment of inertia
Referring again to Fig. 9.1, the polar moment of inertia of the area about point O
(strictly speaking, about an axis through O, perpendicular to the plane of the area) is
defined by

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 Problem 7.1

For a rectangle, compute the moment of inertia about the x-axis by

integration

Solution:

Caution: Magnitude of Ix will change by changing the position of reference x-axis 7

Problem 7.2
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the x- and y-axes.

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 Problem 7.2
Ix= ?

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 Problem 7.2
Iy= ?

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Parallel-axis theorems
There is a simple relationship between the moments of inertia about two
parallel axes, provided that one of the axes passes through the centroid of the
area.

Referring to Figure, let C be the centroid of the

area contained in the plane region and let the
x - axis be the centroidal axis that is parallel to
the x-axis.

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Parallel-axis theorems

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Parallel-axis theorems

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Parallel-axis theorems

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 Radius of gyration

In some structural engineering applications, it is common practice to introduce

the radius of gyration of area. The radii of gyration of an area about the x-axis,
the y-axis, and the origin O are defined as

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 Problem 7.3
For a rectangle, compute the following: (1) the moment of inertia about
the x-axis by integration; (2) the moment of inertia about the centroidal
axis that is parallel to the x-axis; and (3) the polar moment of inertia about
the centroid

Solution:
Ix for rectangular areas has already been calculated in Problem 15.1:

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Problem 7.3

yʹ

xʹ

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Problem 7.3
(3) the polar moment of inertia about the centroid.
Method 1

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 Problem 7.3
(3) the polar moment of inertia about the centroid.
Method 2
yʹ

d xʹ

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 Problem 7.4

Solution

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Problem 7.4

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Problem 7.5
Determine Ix by integrating properties of vertical differential strip

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Problem 15.5
yʹ

xʹ
𝑦

We solved part 1 of problem 15.2 by

Ix= 2.13 m4 using parallel axis theorem 23
Inertial Properties of Plane Areas

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Inertial Properties of Plane Areas

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Inertial Properties of Plane Areas

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Inertial Properties of Plane Areas

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Inertial Properties of Plane Areas

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Problem 7.6
For the area shown in Fig. (a), calculate the radii of gyration about the
x- and y-axes.

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Problem 15.6

+ -

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Problem 7.6

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Problem 7.6

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Problem 7.6

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 Problem 7.6
Composite Area
To determine the properties for the composite area, we superimpose the foregoing results
(taking care to subtract the quantities for the circle) and obtain

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 Problem 7.7
For the area, with centroid located in Problem 6.3, calculate Moment of
inertia about its centroidal x- and y-axes.
𝑦

333.36 mm
66.64 mm

391.08 mm

308.92 mm

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Problem 7.7 𝑦1′
66.64 mm
𝑦

3
4
𝑥1’
𝑥
4 2 308.92 mm

3
4

4 2

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Problem 7.7
2 𝑦
𝑦2 ′
2

4 66.64 mm
4

4 2

𝑥2’
4 𝑥

4 4 308.92 mm

4 2

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Problem 7.7
𝑦 𝑦3′
2 333.36 mm

3
4

4 2
𝑥3’
4 391.08 mm
𝑥
3
4

4 2

4 4

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 Product of inertia
The product of inertia of a plane area (also called the product of area)
about the x- and y-coordinate axes is defined by

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Product of inertia of symmetrical areas

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 Parallel-axis theorem
It can be proved that products of iner a about x -y
axes is:

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 Problem 7.8
Calculate the product of inertia Ixy for the angle shown in Fig. (a) by the
method of composite areas.

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Problem 7.8

= +

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Problem 7.8

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 Exercise 7
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the x- and y-axis

Ix= 0.607 m4 , Iy=0.222 m4 Ix= 1.54 in.4 , Iy=0.333 in.4

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 Exercise 7
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the x- and y-axis

Ix= 789x106 mm4 , Iy=10.3x109 mm4 Ix= 52.7x106 mm4 , Iy=2.51x106 mm4
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 Exercise 7
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the centroidal axes

Ixʹ= 124x106 mm4 , Iy ʹ =1.21x109 mm4

Ixʹ= 64 in4 , Iy ʹ =136 in4 47
 Exercise 7

Determine the product of inertia for the area with

respect to the x and y axes.

Ixy =48 in4

Ixy =-110 in4 48