DWDM Networking Design

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WDM Network Element
▪ The WDM can be configured as four types:
▪ Optical Terminal Multiplexer (OTM)
▪ Optical Line Amplifier (OLA)
▪ Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM)
▪ Fixed optical add or drop multiplexer (FOADM)
▪ Reconfigurable optical add or drop multiplexer (ROADM)
▪ Regenerator (REG)

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WDM Network Element

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Signal Flow
• OTM (40-wavelength):
Signal Flow
• OLA:
Signal Flow
• FOADM: (Serial FOADM)

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Signal Flow
• FOADM: (Parallel FOADM)

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Signal Flow
• ROADM: (WSMD4+WSMD4)

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Signal Flow
• REG:

Note: Signals are regenerated through the regenerating OTU.

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Fiber Topology

▪ 3db Extra
▪ 25db per span
▪ OLA & OADM in strategical location
▪ Avoid spof in terms of location-fiber-power
Power Calculation
⚫ Typical optical power of the reference points from station A to station C

③⑤ OAU nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm, gain range:20~31dB.

④ IL of DCM: 5dB. ①⑨ IL of Fiber Input: 1dB. ⑩ IL of OD: 6dB, IL of OM: 8dB.
⑥ ⑦ IL of WSM: 8dB ⑧ OBU nominal individual channel input/output Power -20/0dBm.
Traffic Matrix
SL From To Line Capacity Gbps Modulation Protection Type Service Type
1 A B 200 100G QPSK ASON 2x100G
2 X Y 200 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G & 10x10G
3 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
4 . .. 200 100G QPSK ASON 20x10G
5 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 10x10G
6 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
7 . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
8 . .. 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
9 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
10 . . 200 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G & 10x10G
11 .. . 100 100G QPSK ASON 10x10G
12 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
13 . .. 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
14 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
15 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
16 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
17 . . 100 100G QPSK ASON 10x10G
18 .. .. 100 100G QPSK ASON 1x100G
Protection Mechanism

Protection on UNI Client, Node Disjoint DWDM

1+1 Optical Path Protection, Inter Card

COST

1+1 Optical Path Protection, Intra Card

1+1 Service Channel Protection, Intra Card

1+1 Optical Channel Protection

1+1 OMS Protection

1+1 OTS Protection

Network Availability
Protection Mechanism
▪ Equipment Level Protection
▪Power Protection
▪Board 1+1 Protection

▪ Optical Layer Protection

▪Optical Line Protection
▪Intra-Board 1+1 Protection
▪Client 1+1 Protection

▪ Electrical Layer Protection

▪ODUk SNCP Protection
▪Tributary SNCP Protection
▪ODUk SPRing Protection
Future Scalability
• 96 lambda capacity with add/drop capability
-save TCO , configuration flexible

• Optical – Electrical subracks separated solution

-easy for maintenance ,higher reliability

• 100G/200G/400G Muxponder Board

-unique card solution

• ROAD should support 6.25 Ghz channel spacing

• L Band Integration

• SDN ready (Centralized ASON)

- Save OPEX and CAPEX , future oriented
 Spares & Warranty
Spare parts Warranty

• Spare parts are essential assets for • A warranty is a guarantee from a seller that a
maintaining high reliability and productivity. defective product will be repaired or replaced
Having spare parts available right away within a specific time. A guarantee is a seller's
allows you to meet your production goals. promise that a product will meet certain quality or
performance standards. If not, it will be repaired
• Some of the benefits of a spare parts or replaced.
inventory include:
• Standard Warranty means the assurance that the
Products and/or Professional Services satisfy -
➢ Reduced downtime for a limited period of time - the required quality or
➢ No excessive expediting or shipping performance in accordance to the provisions
fees
➢ 100% SLA

In-land RMA Vs. Overseas RMA

Modulation Schemes

QPSK 8-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM

QPSK: Best for noisy environments or low-SNR scenarios (e.g., satellite communications).

8QAM: Balanced option for moderate data rates and noise tolerance.

16QAM: Widely used in modern high-speed networks, offering good efficiency and moderate complexity.

64QAM: Suitable for high-capacity, low-noise environments like 5G and fiber-optic systems.
Modulation Schemes
8QAM (8-level 16QAM (16-level 64QAM (64-level
QPSK (Quadrature Phase
Feature Quadrature Amplitude Quadrature Amplitude Quadrature Amplitude
Shift Keying)
Modulation) Modulation) Modulation)
Bits per Symbol 2 bits 3 bits 4 bits 6 bits

4 (located on a circle for 8 (combination of amplitude 16 (grid-like arrangement of 64 (dense grid of amplitude
Constellation Points
phase changes) and phase modulation) amplitude and phase) and phase points)

Spectral Efficiency Low Moderate High Very High

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Requires lower SNR for
Requires moderate SNR Requires higher SNR Requires very high SNR
(SNR) reliable decoding
High (better in noisy
Error Resilience Moderate Lower Low
environments)
Bandwidth Efficiency Low Moderate High Very High

Power Requirements Low Moderate High Very High

Low (simpler receiver
Complexity Moderate High Very High
design)

Used in robust Used in ultra-high-speed

Used in high-speed
communication systems like Used in moderate-speed networks (e.g., advanced
Applications networks (e.g., 4G LTE,
satellite links or low- networks or hybrid systems optical communication
optical systems)
bandwidth environments systems, 5G)
Technology Roadmap
Channel Space
75GHz
QPSK 3600km
Capacity: 12.8T
Capacity
Increment 64×200G
62.5GHz
8QAM
+18% Capacity: 15.2T
3400km
76×200G
50GHz
16QAM
+50% Capacity: 19.2T
2000km
96×200G

Flex Grid management is an issue that needs to be considered in the application of 200G.

Various modulation formats supported by 200G will break the spectrum width limitations of
traditional 50 GHz. Flex Grid is used for spectrum allocation.

Traditional wavelength management faces various difficulties. It is necessary to obtain real -time
network-wide spectrum resource distribution information to visualize the Flex Grid network.
Coherent Network

Coherent optical technology forms the foundation to achieve transport speeds of 100G and beyond,
delivering Terabits of information across a single fiber pair.

Coherent optics enables greater network flexibility and programmability by supporting different baud
rates and modulation formats. This results in greater flexibility in line rates.

High scalability from 100G to 400G and beyond per single signal carrier, delivering increased data
throughput at a lower cost per bit.

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Coherent Network - Features

Coherent Detection

Advanced Modulation Formats

Polarization Multiplexing

Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

High Spectral Efficiency

Long-Distance Transmission

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Coherent vs Traditional
Feature Coherent Network Traditional Optical Network

Coherent detection (amplitude,

Detection phase, polarization)
Direct detection (amplitude only)

Modulation Formats Advanced (e.g., QPSK, 16QAM) Simpler (e.g., NRZ, OOK)

Spectral Efficiency High Moderate

High (handles fiber impairments

Resilience effectively)
Lower

Cost High Lower

Long-haul, high-capacity, and Short-distance or low-capacity

Applications flexible networks systems

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Channel Spacing

Ultra-C Band : 120 Lambda

L Band : 96 Lambda
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Total : 216 Lambda
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Fixed Grid
The traditional 40- or 80-wavelength DWDM system uses the Fixed Grid (fixed spectrum)
mode, which features a fixed center frequency and fixed wavelength spacing of 50 GHz or
100 GHz.

However, in the Fixed Grid mode, bandwidths cannot be adjusted flexibly.

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Flexi Grid
To implement flexible spectrum allocation and improve spectrum usage, the Flexible
Grid technology is utilized. The Flexible Grid technology can provide 37.5 GHz to 400
GHz wavelength spacing.
It divides spectrums into slices with smaller widths, such as 6.25 GHz slices or 12.5
GHz slices. A high-speed signal can occupy multiple spectrum slices, implementing
flexible bandwidth adjustment and improving network-wide spectrum usage.

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Questions !!!

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