REVIEWER FOR EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Empowerment Technology: A Definition

• Empowerment refers to the process of giving yourself, or other people the capacity to
achieve specific end-goal.

Empowerment Technology through ICT

• Empowerment is a strategy that aims to give individuals the tools and resources necessary
to take initiative, as well as gather and analyze information or situations, thus making
informed decisions to solve problems and improve service or performance.

Information and Communications Technology

• It refers to the use of communication technology such as laptop, smart phones, tablet,
telephone, internet and etc. to send, save, and edit information.

The focus of technological advancement today is:

• Integration of technology knowledge and skills of the 21st century skills learners.
• Student’s college readiness in adapting to the use of innovative skills.

WORLD WIDE WEB

• It is also known as WWW or W3 introduce by Tim Berners-Lee. It consists of different pages
that are formatted in a markup language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and
linked to each other that contain text, graphics, multimedia files, hyperlinks and etc.
Web 1.0
• Static Web
• The first development of World Wide Web where web pages are static. It also known as flat
or stationary page and it cannot be manipulated by users.

Web 2.0
• Dynamic Web
• It is a dynamic web page where user can interact with page like creating a user account,
posting comments, uploading files and images, and others. Example: Blog sites,
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube

Features of Web 2.0

o Folksonomy
▪ Users can classify and arrange information by adding tag or label. Pound
sign (#) is used in Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social networking
sites.
o Rich User Experience
▪ User can have high interaction with the content of the page and can achieve
level of expertise.
o User Participation
▪ User can put content on their own in web page like comment, evaluation, etc.
o Long Tail
 ▪ A site that offers services and brings individual and businesses into selling
different goods and commodities such as shopping site like Amazon, Lazada,
Shopee, Zalora and others.
o Software as a service
▪ Users can subscribe to a software when they need it instead of purchasing
them.
o Mass Participation
▪ Sharing of diverse information through universal web access.

Web 3.0
• Semantic Web
• Web 3.0 is the upcoming third generation of the internet where websites and apps will
be able to process information in a smart human-like way through technologies like
machine learning (ML), Big Data, decentralized ledger technology (DLT)

Summary
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0
Read-Only Read-Write Portable & Personal
Company Focus Community Focus Individual Focus
Home Pages Blogs/Wikis Lifestreams/Waves
Owning Content Sharing Content Consolidating Content
Web Forms Web Applications Smart Applications
Directories Tagging User Behavior
Page Views Cost Per Click User Engagement

ONLINE SYSTEMS FUNCTIONS AND PLATFORMS

Trends in ICT
Technology keeps rising and improving every time. The use of technology connects us to the people
around the globe and gives us current information on the trends in information and communication.
As what you have written in the activity above, it shows that social media is mostly used by people
and one of the current trends in information and communication technology.

• Convergence – it refers to fusing of technological advancement to work on a similar task.

Example. Using smartphone as camera in taking pictures instead of DSLR camera.
• Social Media – an application and website where user can communicate, create and share
content, and participate in online communities.
o Types of Social Media
▪ Social Network - A website where people with the same come together to
share information. Examples: Twitter, Instagram, Facebook
▪ Social News - A website where user can post stories and are ranked based on
the popularity through voting. Examples: Digg, Reddit, Propeller, Slashdot,
Fark
▪ Bookmarking Sites - A website that allows you to share and store internet
bookmarks, articles, posts, blogs, images and others. Examples: Pinterest,
StumbleUpon, Dribble
▪ Media Sharing - A website that allows you to share and store multimedia files
such as video, photos and music. Examples: Instagram, YouTube, Flickr
 ▪ Microblogging – A website that allows you to broadcast short message.
Examples: Twitter, Tumblr, Meetme
▪ Blogs & Forums - A discussion website that allows user to ask questions and
comments on a journal posted by an individual or group. Examples:
Wordpress, Blogger
• Mobile Technologies – a technology used in cellular and other devices such netbook, laptop,
tablet, smartphones and etc. Mobile devices use different operating systems like:
o IOS – used in Apple devices such as the iPhone and iPad
o Android – an open source operating system developed by Google. Being open source
means several mobile phone companies use this OS for free.
• Assistive Media - A platform that assist people with disability. It will guide the individual
like a blind person by using an audio recording. A database of audio recordings is used to read
to the user.
ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY, ETHICS AND ETIQUETTE
Online Safety
The importance of internet plays a crucial part in human development. Life becomes easy and
comfortable because of this technology. Most of us are connected to the internet via laptop, mobile
phone, tablet, personal computer and other electronic gadgets. Behind this technology there is a risk
that everyone should be aware of. You could be at risk on scam, bullying, and illegal activities if you
will not take precautions in using internet. We need to keep ourselves safe and secure whenever we
use the internet. That is why it is very important to know and learn the ways on how to be safe and
secured online.
Tips on how to be safe online
1. Do not share your password with anyone.
2. Add friends you know in real life.
3. Do not visit untrusted websites.
4. Add password to your WIFI at home to make it private.
5. Install and update antivirus in your computer.
6. Do not give your personal information to anyone
7. Think before you click.
8. Never post about your future vacation.
Avoid sharing the following information below:
1. First Name
2. Middle Name
3. Last Name
4. Current and previous school
5. Your Cellphone Number
6. Who your Mother and Father are
 7. Who your siblings are
8. Your address
9. Your home phone number
10. Your Birthday
The Internet Age

• Internet is truly a powerful tool. It can be used to promote business, gain new friends, and
stay in touch with the old ones.
• The Internet is defined as the information superhighway.
Internet Risk - Common threats faced by the netizens everyday include other netizens with
malicious intent.

• Cyberbullying - It happens when someone intentionally abused, harass, and mistreated by

other person using electronic communication.
• Identity Theft - It is a crime of stealing personal information for the purpose of assuming the
person’s name or identity to make any form of transactions.
• Cyber Stalking - A criminal practice where electronic communication is used to stalk or
harass individual or group.
• Sexting - The act of sending sexually explicit text messages, images, and videos.
Internet Threats
1. Spam Also known as junk email or unwanted email send by advertiser or bot. It can be used
to send malware.
2. Phishing A cyberattack method using deceptive emails and websites to acquiring sensitive
personal information.
3. Cybercrime - A crime in which computer is used as object and tool in committing a crime
such hacking, phishing, spamming, child pornography, libel, hate crimes, identity thief and
others.
4. E. Cybercrime Law - A law that deals with all forms of cybercrime.
Malware – also known as Malicious Software.
Types of Malwares
1. Virus – a malicious program that replicate itself by copying itself to another program.
2. Trojan Horse – a malicious program that disguised as legitimate program that user will
accept and use but take control of your computer.
3. Worm – malicious program that copy’s itself and spreads to other computers.
4. Spyware – A malicious program that gathers information from victim’s computer and send
it back to the hacker.
5. Adware – An unwanted advertisement that will pop-up several times on victim’s computer
then behave abnormally and tedious to close them
What is Netiquette?
It is a word that came from the two words “net” and “etiquette”. It is an etiquette applied online that
shows proper manner and behavior. If you are a member of an online society through social media
you are called netizen. And in interacting with other netizen online, we need to maintain good
behavior which is acceptable to others in online community.
The Core Rules of Netiquette by Seth T. Ross
1. Remember the human.
2. Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life.
3. Know where you are in cyberspace.
4. Respect other people's time and bandwidth.
5. Make yourself look good online.
6. Share expert knowledge.
7. Help keep flame wars under control.
8. Respect other people's privacy.
9. Don't abuse your power.
10. Be forgiving of other people's mistakes.
Why Observe Proper Net Etiquette?
To help others and yourself. Because we share a common space.

CONTEXTUALIZED ONLINE SEARCH AND RESEARCH SKILLS

What is Internet Research?
Internet Research - is a research method in collecting and gathering information via internet by
using search engine such as google.
Search Engine is a program that allows users to search for content on internet.
Examples of Search Engines
1. Google - The number 1 search engine in the world is Google. It is the most commonly used
search engine in the world.
2. YouTube - It is one of the world’s largest and well-liked online video sharing platforms where
you can search different media content video. YouTube is also known as Google subsidiaries.
3. Yahoo - It is one of the popular email provider, therefore, it is a search engine with an average
2% market share holed by it.
4. Bing - Bing provides many varieties of searches similarly search the web, videos, images.
Search maps. It is also famous search engine in the world.
 5. DuckDuckGo – There is an advantage that this search engine website has clean interface, and
it does not track users and not fully loaded of ads.
6. Yandex - This search engine is highly used in Russia. It is developed by Russian technology
multinational company.
7. Ask - The Ask.com is a question and answering website. Early, it was designed as a core
search engine.
8. Wolfram Alpha - This is the unique search engine which is a computational knowledge
engine that gives data and facts of the number of topics.
Techniques in searching information that can be applied in search engine in order to get a better
result. Some search engines allow combination of words and logic connectors of AND, OR, and NOT.
1. Internet Archive - It is a non-profit electronic library that has a free-to-access collections of
digitalized materials ranging from websites, multimedia files and academic materials.
2. Google Scholar - was created as a tool to congregate scholarly literature on the web.
3. Google Books - allows web users to browse an index of thousands of books, from popular
titles to old, to find pages that include your search terms.
4. Microsoft Academic - operated by Microsoft which is a reliable and comprehensive research
tool. It is a project exploring site to assist users conducting scientific research by leveraging
machine’s cognitive power in memory, computation, sensing, attention, and endurance.
Online Research
1. Have a question in mind. Focus on a question you want answered.
2. Narrow it down. Search engines like Google, Bing, or Yahoo use several filters to determine
the most appropriate result for you.
3. Advanced Search. The best way to filter information you get from search engines is by using
the advanced search. This will allow you to filter out information you do not need.
4. Look for a credible source. Some wikis, filled with updated information, are not a credible
source. When using wikis, check out the link of the cited text.
5. Give credit. Give credit to the original author of the page or information. To properly site a
reference, you may use the format below.
Tips for Effective Internet Research by George Mathews
1. Know what kind of research you want to do.
2. Make a list of keywords you will use in your search.
3. Enclose keywords in quotation marks.
4. Use the minus sign (-).
5. Try specialized search engines.
6. Skim through search results web pages.
7. Bookmark
8. Review your bookmarks.
What is Copyright?
Copyright is a protection given to the owner of the rights in an original work such as books, musical
works, films, paintings, and other works, and computer programs.
This original work is called intellectual property which is protected under Republic Act 8293 known
as the “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”.
Copyright Issues - There are millions of information that we can get from the internet. Some of this
information are free but others are not. They are protected by a copyright law.
Copyright Infringement - This happens when the copyrighted work is use by other person without
permission of the author or copyright holder. Any person who is infringing the right protected work
would be liable under the law.
FAIR USE - It is the use of copyrighted material for comment, teaching, criticism, news reporting,
research, scholarship, and other similar purpose is not an infringement of copyright.
Unlicensed use of copyrighted material can be considered fair use if:

• it’s done for nonprofit, educational purposes

• it transforms the original work enough to change its purpose and character
• it uses only a limited portion of the original work
• it does not harm the copyright’s value
Unlicensed use of copyrighted material can be considered fair use if:

• it’s done for nonprofit, educational purposes

• it transforms the original work enough to change its purpose and character
• it uses only a limited portion of the original work
• it does not harm the copyright’s value
Guidelines for Fair Use
1. Majority of the contents created must be yours.
2. Give credit to the owner.
3. Don’t make profit of the copyrighted work.
APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY APPS, TOOLS, AND METHODS

• It refers to the software that people use to create and produce documents, presentations,
databases, charts, and graphs.
• Productivity tools helps you create professional quality documents, presentation, graphics,
and more.
Common productivity tools in MS Office
1. Microsoft Word
a. The most important word-processing office application used by students, teachers, IT
professionals and companies etc. around the world.
b. Used to create and edit professional-looking documents such as resume, books,
admission forms, letters, paper, reports and booklets, cover pages, notes, assignments,
brochures, and even web pages.
2. Microsoft Excel
a. Electronic spreadsheet programs were originally based on paper spreadsheets used
for accounting. As such, the basic layout of computerized spreadsheets is the same as
 the paper ones. Related data is stored in tables — which are a collection of small
rectangular boxes or cells organized into rows and columns.

3. Microsoft PowerPoint
a. used to create professional-looking slideshows that can be displayed on projectors or
big-screen TVs.
b. an easy-to-learn program that is used worldwide for presentations in businesses and
classrooms.
c. comes with many templates that set the tone of a presentation — from casual to
formal to off the wall.

IMAGING AND DESIGN FOR ONLINE ENVIRONMENT

Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout
1. Balance
• Symmetrical Balance - is the order of elements so that they are evenly allocated to the
left and to the right, or top and bottom of center.
• Asymmetrical Balance - is the order of different objects of the same weight on each side
of the page. Color, shape, size, texture and value can be used as balancing elements.
2. Emphasis
• An area in the design that may appear different in size, texture, shape or color to attract
the viewer's attention.
3. Proportion
• Visual elements create a sense of unity where they relate well with one another.
4. Pattern / Repetition / Rhythm
• These are the repeating visual element on an image or layout to create unity in the layout
or image. Rhythm is achieved when visual elements create a sense of organized
movement.
5. Variety
• This uses several design elements to draw viewer's attention
• The most effective way to add aesthetic interest to a page is through contrast.
6. Movement
• Visual elements guide the viewer's eyes around the screen.
• Movement is the art of nothing, and the absence of text and graphics. Basically, it splits in
the elements on the page and provides visual breathing room for the viewer’s eye.
Online File Formats for Images and Text
.png (Portable Network Graphics) - this format is a bit of a combination of the two earlier formats,
it was originated from GIF for the lossless compression attribute and for the display of pictures on
the Internet.
Also displays picture with a transparent background.
pdf (Portable Document Format) - Developed by Adobe, this file format has all the features of a
printed document as an electronic image, print, navigate or even forward to other people.
doc/.docx - Document File a format created by Microsoft and used in MS Word.
Infographics

• is a visual image to symbolize information or data such as chart or diagram

• it presents a clear message quickly and clearly.
• grabs your attention and deliver an important message or teach you important information.
Online Graphics Software
Canva App- Is an online, free photo editor and video editor in one graphic design app.
Piktochart - makes complex data visually appealing to the average user
Befunky - With BeFunky's photo editor, you can play with hundreds of amazing photo effects that
you can't find anywhere else, like our world famous Cartoonizer®, oil painting, and pop art effects.
Fotor - It is a multiplatform photo editing website. It offers a wide range of effects and tools for
editing images.
Principles and Basic Techniques of Image Manipulation

• Cropping - It is a process of removing unwanted parts of the image, focusing only on the
subject. When cropping, one must always follow the Rule of Thirds to organize the image
composition.
• Color Balance - In any image manipulating program, this command will allow you to make
changes in the mixture of colors in an image.
• Adjusting Brightness and Contrast - This command is the most basic technique when
adjusting the image tone (highlights, shadows, and midtones).
• Compression and Resizing - Compressing and Resizing an image is an important aspect in
image manipulation. Images to be uploaded on the web must be pf the standard resolution
of 72 dpi (dots per inch) to maintain its image file size of 30-50 KB. If the image is for
printing, set the maximum resolution to 300 dpi at set its physical printing size in inches.
• Color Blending - Use the different special effects buttons available in the different image
editing software. You can combine colors and commands that will give you a more dynamic
image result
• Combining Multiple Images - Compositions must be planned and conceptualized first so
that you will be able to render the best image and message possible.