Instant Download Exploring Universal Basic Income A Guide to Navigating Concepts Evidence and Practices 1st Edition Ugo Gentilini PDF All Chapters
Instant Download Exploring Universal Basic Income A Guide to Navigating Concepts Evidence and Practices 1st Edition Ugo Gentilini PDF All Chapters
com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/exploring-universal-basic-
income-a-guide-to-navigating-concepts-evidence-and-
practices-1st-edition-ugo-gentilini/
OR CLICK HERE
DOWLOAD NOW
https://ebookmeta.com/product/universal-basic-income-in-historical-
perspective-1st-edition-peter-sloman/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/basic-income-a-transformative-policy-
for-india-1st-edition-sarath-davala/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/basic-roleplaying-universal-game-engine-
jason-durall/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/cambridge-unlock-level-4-b2-listening-
speaking-critical-thinking-student-s-book-2nd-edition-lewis-lansford/
ebookmeta.com
Diabetic Foot Ulcer An Update Mohammad Zubair
https://ebookmeta.com/product/diabetic-foot-ulcer-an-update-mohammad-
zubair/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/handbook-of-ethnography-in-healthcare-
research-1st-edition-paul-hackett-christopher-m-hayre-editors/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/scrivener-superpowers-how-to-use-
cutting-edge-software-to-energize-your-creative-writing-practice-
herron-m-g/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/practices-of-the-python-pro-1st-edition-
dane-hillard/
ebookmeta.com
https://ebookmeta.com/product/scaling-python-with-ray-adventures-in-
cloud-and-serverless-patterns-1st-edition-holden-karau/
ebookmeta.com
Belief, Law and Politics : What Future for a Secular
Europe? 1st Edition Marie-Claire Foblets
https://ebookmeta.com/product/belief-law-and-politics-what-future-for-
a-secular-europe-1st-edition-marie-claire-foblets/
ebookmeta.com
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Exploring
Universal Basic Income
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Exploring
Universal Basic Income
A Guide to Navigating Concepts,
Evidence, and Practices
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
© 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org
Some rights reserved
1 2 3 4 22 21 20 19
This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,
interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World
Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not
guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other
information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank
concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and
immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
Rights and Permissions
This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you
are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the
following conditions:
Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Gentilini, Ugo, Margaret Grosh, Jamele Rigolini, and Ruslan
Yemtsov, eds. 2020. Exploring Universal Basic Income: A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices.
Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7. License: Creative Commons Attribution
CC BY 3.0 IGO
Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the
attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World
Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.
Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the
attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in
the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by
The World Bank.
Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained
within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of
claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work,
it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission
from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or
images.
All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group,
1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: [email protected].
ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-1458-7
ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-1511-9
DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7
Cover image: © Triff / Shutterstock. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse.
Cover and interior design: Nita Congress.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Praise for the Book
“The debate around universal basic income (UBI) in India has catalyzed a rethink about
social protection, poverty reduction, and the role of the state in development. These
are issues that go beyond just simple economics. Sociologists, political scientists, and
philosophers have weighed in, each bringing a different and often provocative perspec-
tive about the role of UBI in social contracts that bind our societies. Gentilini et al. offer
a unifying platform from which this diverse spectrum of views can be discussed and
debated in an informed and intelligent way. That it can bring together people from such
diverse backgrounds on a highly divisive topic is a credit to the authors. Their frame-
work, analysis, and empirical rigor will serve as a wonderful guide for policy makers
and practitioners grappling with questions on how to build a modern and state-of-the-art
social protection system. Scholars and policy makers in India and elsewhere have been
waiting for such an analysis.”
Junaid Kamal Ahmad, Country Director, India, World Bank Group
“Discussion of a universal basic income (UBI) can be clouded by theology, with any-
thing other than a ‘pure’ UBI cast into outer darkness. The most welcome feature of
this wide-ranging volume is its treatment of the design problem as multidimensional,
recognizing that objectives differ, and so do constraints, notably concerning fiscal, insti-
tutional, and political capacity. While addressing these multiple aspects, the book also
includes empirical analysis of UBI compared with other designs and discussion of the
operational tasks necessary for successful delivery.”
Nicholas Barr, Professor of Public Economics, London School of Economics
“Public discourse on the potential role for a universal basic income (UBI) in addressing var-
ious socioeconomic challenges has soared over the last decade. However, the discussion
has often been plagued by lack of clarity on what is meant by a UBI and the challenges
it is intended to address. This impressive book provides a transparent and comprehen-
sive framework to inform the debate. It sets out the defining features of a UBI, the various
socioeconomic issues it may help address, and the pros and cons of a UBI in various eco-
nomic and political settings. It makes clear that the attraction of a UBI, or some partial
variant, will depend on country-specific social, economic, and political preferences, as
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
well as the underlying administrative and fiscal contexts. The detailed empirical analysis
helps to bring these issues out into the light for much-needed scrutiny. It also helps to hit
home the too-often neglected importance of considering both the tax and transfer sides of
the debate to avoid drawing misleading policy conclusions. The passionate debate will no
doubt continue, but this book increases the likelihood that it will now be complemented
by a healthy dose of reason.”
David Coady, Division Chief, Expenditure Policy Division, International Monetary Fund
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
economy—are elucidated with evidence. Policy makers may adopt or reject UBI, but
after reading this book, they will do so with clear-eyed reasoning.”
Shantayanan Devarajan, Professor of Practice of Development, Georgetown University
“Universal basic income has been gaining traction as a potential solution to poverty
and technological unemployment. This book is the ultimate guide for anyone inter-
ested in universal basic income at the global level. The authors leave no stone unturned,
examining the economics and politics of universal basic income, as well as policy imple-
mentation issues across the world.”
Ioana Marinescu, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania
“Today’s UBI debates are powerful because of the deep questions they raise—what is the
nature of the social contract? What can and cannot a state with limited capacity realisti-
cally do? This book provides a helpful framework for navigating the issues and grounding
the debate in data. It should be a standard reference.”
Paul Niehaus, Associate Professor of Economics, University of San Diego, and
co-founder GiveDirectly
“This is the first time the World Bank has taken up the case for a basic income in a con-
structive manner, and should be welcomed by advocates and critics alike. As someone
who has advocated moving in that direction for many years and been involved in pilots
in several countries, I firmly believe it will be an anchor of 21st century income distri-
bution. It is not a panacea, but giving people basic economic security is something that
should unite us all.”
Guy Standing, author of Basic Income: A Guide for the Open-Minded
(Yale University Press, 2017)
“Universal basic income (UBI) is one of those potentially transformational ideas in both
developing and advanced countries, although for very different reasons. This terrific and
timely volume is a comprehensive guide to the conceptual and implementation issues
relating to UBI. A must-read.”
Arvind Subramanian, former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, and
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
“Universal basic income (UBI) is far more than a thought experiment—it’s a policy idea
worthy of the in-depth consideration provided in this book. At UNICEF, we examine
and share evidence regarding the potential and design considerations of universal child
benefits: these can be seen as a subset of UBI and, therefore, help contribute to our
common understanding of such interventions. We’re pleased to see these themes dis-
cussed and hope the many other lessons this book provides also help to shape thinking
about strengthened forms of social protection for children and young people.”
Alexandra Yuster, Associate Director, Programme Division, and Chief of Social Policy,
UNICEF
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations xxi
vii
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
viii Contents
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Contents ix
References 179
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
x Contents
Appendixes
A UBI-Related Pilots 237
B UBI-Related Proposals 247
C Quantitative Evidence on Conditional and Unconditional Transfers 261
D Microsimulations Data and Methodology 271
E Annotated Bibliography 281
Boxes
1.1 Negative Income Tax Pilots 24
1.2 Welfare Continuity and Poverty Dynamics 29
1.3 Evidence from Systematic Reviews on the Impact of Conditions in
Cash Transfer Programs 32
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Contents xi
Figures
O.1 UBI within a Social Assistance Cube 3
O.2 Basic Framework for Navigating UBI Decision Making 6
O.3 Poverty Reduction Effects of a UBI and Baseline Cash-Based Programs 7
O.4 Distributional Effects of a Budget-Neutral UBI Reform, Average
across 10 Sampled Countries 8
1.1 UBI within a Social Assistance Cube 21
1.2 Cost of a UBI by Poverty and Demographic Variables 41
1.3 Modalities for UBI Phase-in 43
1.4 Alaskan Permanent Fund Dividend Beneficiaries and Annual
Percentage Change in Dividends, 1982–2017 54
1.5 Global Copper Prices and Universal Basic Income in Mongolia 56
B1.2.1 Welfare Distribution in Bangladesh 29
B1.6.1 Comparison of India’s Select UBI Proposals 49
2.1 Benefit Structures of Select Interventions 75
2.2 Benefit Incidence Net of Taxes: Simulated UBI and SNAP in the
United States 75
2.3 NIT Benefit Structure Based on Friedman’s 1970 Family Assistance
Plan Model 80
2.4 The Inverse U-Shaped Benefit Structure of the EITC 88
4.1 Baseline Poverty and Inequality Indicators 132
4.2 Poverty Impacts of Budget-Neutral UBI Reform 133
4.3 Progressivity and Relative Performance of a Budget-Neutral UBI
Reform 135
4.4 Inequality Impacts: Reduction in Gini Coefficient 136
4.5 Winners and Losers from a Budget-Neutral UBI Reform 137
4.6 Winners and Losers across Welfare Deciles 139
4.7 Universal versus Adults-Only UBI: Impact on Children Age 0–6 140
4.8 Poverty Impacts of More Generous UBI Schemes (Spending Only) 141
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
xii Contents
Tables
1.1 Which Initiative Is Currently a Pure UBI? 22
1.2 Barriers to Coverage 27
1.3 Alignment of UBI Narrative with Basic Transfer 39
2.1 Program Typology 74
2.2 Summary Comparison of Intervention Features 90
B4.1.1 Illustrative Welfare State Typologies 129
5.1 Revenue Sources Scored on Different Criteria 166
C.1 Comparative Impact Evaluations 261
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Preface
A
t the time of writing this preface, electoral debates in India, which featured uni-
versal basic income (UBI) in a prominent way, just subsided; pilot programs are
rolled out in several cities in the United States and Europe; a decade-long trial
is under way in rural Kenya; and the World Bank is, through this very volume,
issuing its first analysis on the matter. So why all this interest on a seemingly utopian and
radical proposal of “just give cash to everyone”?
Interest in UBI is surely symptomatic of larger societal discomforts. The chang-
ing nature of work in higher-income countries demands that social protection systems
co-evolve with it. While automation, globalization, and diversification of employment
bolstered efficiency and productivity gains, median income and living standards have
not always risen accordingly—and in some cases, they have been stagnant for decades.
Lower-income contexts, where work arrangements have not changed as dramatically,
face different challenges. Among them, pervasive poverty and informality, compounded
with limited government capacities and revenues, are preventing hundreds of millions
of people from accessing higher-productivity activities, being protected from risks, and
building human capital.
With societal anxieties brewing, there are new opportunities for rethinking how to
forge a more inclusive social contract, including with universal social protection at the
core, and do so in ways that leapfrog past models. While new technologies are expand-
Copyright © 2019. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
ing the delivery frontier, the notion of “universal” social protection is subject to different
interpretations. Specifically, universality can be attained in different ways—for example,
by combining assistance and insurance programs, by combining different safety net
measures, or, as in the case of UBI, achieving such goals via a single measure. Put differ-
ently, a UBI is a shortcut to universality.
On closer scrutiny, however, such a shortcut is less straightforward than it seems.
A UBI looks alluringly simple on the surface, since it provides cash unconditionally and
with no targeting involved. But its implications are complex and largely unknown. In
fact, the scale of UBI makes it a systemwide intervention, not just a program. As such, it
may affect, for instance, several labor market issues such as unemployment insurance,
severance pay, unionization, contributory pensions, and minimum wages. With no UBI
xiii
Exploring Universal Basic Income : A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, edited by Ugo Gentilini, et al., World Bank Publications,
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
SUOMALAINEN RYIJY
***
V
DOMINUS KRABBE
1.
Me menimme juhlapukuisina herkän-hartaalla miellä ja
yhteen kartanon Mirjamin kanssa satuimme kirkkotiellä. Me
hymyilimme ja tervehdimme. Ja Mittumaarian pellot oli
kukkamerenä: päivänkukat ja apilaat ja kellot kuin laineet
kohisi aidan takana. Väkevä koivujen haju ja kasteen tuoksu
syöksyi vastaan kuin myrskytuuli raju. Ja helähti kirkon
isokello, kun kellonsoittaja veti koko hartiavoimalla kellon
nuoraa. Sitten pimpitti heti papinkello kimein kilinöin. Se
viittasi meidän isään. Me tukkaamme hiukan sipaisimme ja
marssimme rivissä sisään.
2.
3.