0680_Environmental_Management_Coursework_Handbookv1.1
0680_Environmental_Management_Coursework_Handbookv1.1
Cambridge IGCSE®
Environmental Management
0680
Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are
permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission
to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a
Centre.
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2
Syllabus requirements
Assessment of the coursework
Levels of achievement
Introduction
This handbook provides a guide to the coursework component of the Cambridge IGCSE Environmental
Management (0680) syllabus. It aims to help you set and manage appropriate tasks for your learners to
submit as coursework, and to help build your confidence in assessing the finished investigation.
You should work through the booklet and familiarise yourself with what is required by the syllabus. This will
enable you to help your learners achieve the most from their coursework.
Also included are three sample pieces of candidate coursework which have been marked and annotated by
the examiner to show you how the assessment criteria have been applied.
Further help
We hope that this information will provide a thorough introduction to the requirements and criteria for
assessment of coursework in IGCSE Environmental Management (0680).
However, if you have any further questions or difficulties, please do not hesitate to contact us and we will
do our best to help.
Customer Services
Cambridge International Examinations
1 Hills Road
Cambridge
CB1 2EU
United Kingdom
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.cie.org.uk
Syllabus requirements
The coursework requirements are outlined in the syllabus and repeated below:
• Candidates must offer one piece of coursework; this must be the individual work of the candidate.
• It is possible for the same topic to be tackled by a group, as long as the teacher ensures that each team
member has different responsibilities and aspects to investigate and work on.
• Under all circumstances the candidate must produce an individual report and, if the work was done as
part of a group, there should be an indication of where and with whom work was carried out jointly.
• It is essential that the project is based on a local environmental problem and that this is specific,
accessible and measurable.
• Resource and Development aspects must be analysed, and this will provide a setting for consideration
of Impact and Management.
• The project must include primary data gathering using a suitable range of techniques, including
fieldwork.
• The data gathered should be analysed in depth, and from this analysis meaningful conclusions should be
drawn.
• The conclusions and findings should be presented in an orderly and reasoned way with a range of
illustrative techniques.
• The word target for the coursework is 3000 words.
Finally, it is crucial that the report involves analysis, discussion and judgement and be not merely description.
Levels of achievement
Each criterion within each Assessment Objective is marked out of 6 and has three levels of achievement.
5–6 Excellent
3–4 Competent
See the syllabus document for the year that your learners will be sitting the exam to see the full breakdown
of these criteria.
Guidance
Teachers are at liberty to give assistance during the planning and preparation of the investigation, and during
data collection. It must be appreciated, however, that any such help, especially during data collection and
also in analysis and report production must be taken into account when marking.
In the report writing stage you should ensure that all the required sections are included. Learners should
be encouraged to include secondary data but the wholesale inclusion of magazine articles, etc., or similar
treatment of web-based material should be avoided. Such material can be very valuable, but it is very
important that it is read and then presented in the candidates own words. Similarly the inclusion of maps
and photographs should be carefully considered and their use made to good effect, e.g. photographs are
worthless unless annotated.
To achieve marks in all the Assessment Objectives it is essential that the topic chosen has an appropriate
resource consideration from the syllabus resource areas of:
For example, if a candidate wished to investigate a zoo then they would need to focus on the resource of
biodiversity and ecosystems which are sections 20.7 and 20.1/2 in the syllabus. This would then lead on to
a discussion of the processes involved in destruction and conservation of biodiversity and habitats and so to
a consideration of the role of the zoo. If the investigation did not take this resource as a focus then it would
run the risk of being a picture gallery of the zoo animals and their treatment, with little scope for discussion
of future sustainable development and management choices needed for Assessment Objective C.
Below is a table of the suggested coursework titles from the syllabus with some possible syllabus resource
areas. These suggestions are intended only as examples. Topics will depend on specific circumstances,
e.g. the school’s local area and resources, the special interests and expertise of teachers, and (not least) the
interests of candidates.
Is the replacement of existing ecosystems with 21.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 14.6, 14.4, 14.7,
plantations of X sustainable development? 2.1, 2.2
How can farming in area X be improved to prevent 2.1, 2.2, 21.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 14.6,
further soil erosion? 14.4, 14.7
Is intensive farming doing long-term damage to the 2.1, 2.2, 21.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 14.6,
local environment? 14.4, 14.7
How could crop wastes be used more efficiently in 2.1, 2.2, 21.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 14.6,
local agriculture and alternative uses promoted? 14.4, 14.7
The Candidate Coursework Proposal Form on page 8 of this training manual is a useful device to ensure that
students choose an appropriate topic to investigate.
The assignments that are weakest are those which do not choose an appropriate resource and consequently
cannot achieve marks in Assessment Objective C. The resultant assignment is usually largely descriptive
and lacking in the required analysis and discussion of judgement decisions.
There follows an example of an investigation title and what a learner might write. There is also a blank form
for you to use if you wish.
Then
• Direct learners to select an issue that they feel they have an interest in (either from a list or from their
own knowledge or a previous piece of class work).
• Formulate this into a suitable title, see the table on page 5 for ideas.
• Examine the syllabus/their notes for relevant processes that impact on the issue.
• Think and suggest what data would be ideal to collect.
• Suggest what is the best way to collect this data.
• Consider who is involved in the issue.
• Suggest how their opinions could be canvassed.
• Suggest what solution there might be.
• Think about the pros and cons of each possible solution.
• Devise a strategy which considers the range of possible solutions.
Using a set of questions based on the above and the Candidate Coursework Proposal Form a learner is
likely to be guided through to an investigation which is likely to meet each criterion in the coursework
assessment.
Types of use people make of beach (e.g. games, dog walking, picnicking).
Photographs
Transects
Category counts
Possible Presentation and Bar charts, pie charts, etc. of amount of rubbish, numbers of cars/people,
Analysis to be used use of beach
Title: Name:
(and syllabus
reference)
Possible Data to be
collected, methods
and techniques which
could be used
Possible Presentation
and Analysis to be
used
Values to be
investigated
Choices, Strategies
and Judgements to
be explored
One important consideration is that the collection of data is not something that can be hurried. In
particular the setting up of interviews, distribution of questionnaires, collecting of articles, the collection
of environmental measurements and setting up of experiments all need a fairly protracted period of time.
Learners need to plan their study well so as to allow sufficient time to organise all this.
You need to give your learners enough warning of the deadlines so that they can properly plan the data
collection.
You need to be constantly aware of health and safety issues. Learners should be assisted with risk
assessments of the work they intend to carry out.
As said previously, the assignment can be a group activity initially but the final write up must be the learner’s
own work. Plus each learner must submit their own plans as to how the investigation might proceed. Each
learner must have the opportunity to plan the collecting of the data and how to present it. It must also be
clear for assessment purposes, where each candidate was able to collect data individually.
In addition, learners should have it impressed upon them that they do not engage in ANY activity which has
not been approved by you. It is particularly important that learners inform an adult of any visits or interviews
they intend engaging in so that they do not put themselves at risk by being somewhere unknown to anyone
else that is responsible for their safety. It is always advisable that learners do not carry out work alone:
they should be accompanied by a responsible adult. Proper procedures need to be in place to ensure that
learners do not leave themselves vulnerable.
They should be encouraged to provide a Candidate Coursework Proposal Form as outlined in Section 1 so
that they can be given feedback on their ideas.
Presentation
They need to be given guidance as to the sort of presentation techniques that are available to them in their
Centre.
The use of computer presentations is to be encouraged but only if learners are familiar with them and can
use them effectively and to their own advantage. Use of computer presentations without any thought of
what they are showing is to be discouraged.
At the write up stage the learner will need help to get the best out of their data, in particular, guidance on
the effective use of materials such as photographs and magazine articles is essential.
Learners should then be advised to present the report in a suitable wallet which allows the reader easy
access to the pages but is not over-packaged. All questionnaires do not need to be included, a sample to
show the format is sufficient.
Analysis
You will have to carefully lead the analysis and management section of the report to help learners see how
they can interpret the data rather than just presenting it, and you will need to draw out their understanding
of cause and effect relationships by asking questions such as:
“Why do you think so many people come to walk their dogs on the beach?”
“How do you think there might be a compromise between those who want to use the beach for leisure and
those who want to conserve the natural plant life of the beach?”
Recognising values
You need to help learners see that people can hold different opinions about the same issue and encourage
them to consider how each person’s role fits into the problem and what is affecting their opinions.
A feature of Cambridge IGCSE assessment is to reward positive achievement rather than to penalise errors.
The principle is to assess what candidates know, understand and can do.
Centres may not undertake school-based assessment of coursework without the written approval of
Cambridge. Each Centre should have at least one accredited assessor.
You must mark the work of each candidate and then record the marks on the Individual Candidate Record
Card, showing the breakdown.
Where there is more than one teacher in the Centre, a process of internal moderation will need to be
undertaken.
Finally, marks for all the candidates must be recorded on the Coursework Assessment Summary Form. All
forms (including a Topic Proposal Form) are available from the Cambridge Samples Database at
www.cie.org.uk/samples. Enter your Centre number and the syllabus code (0680) and a link to all forms
will be provided. The Samples Database will also provide you with information on the number of samples
that should be sent to Cambridge for external moderation. Examples of these forms have been included on
pages 17–22 for your reference.
All documentation (Individual Candidate Record Card, Coursework Assessment Summary Form, and MS1)
should be sent to Cambridge, with the sample, by the date specified in the Cambridge Administrative Guide.
The coursework component is worth 30 per cent of the total marks. It is, therefore, a very important
component of the examination and you must allocate sufficient time for candidates to be able to achieve the
full range of marks for each objective.
The coursework is marked out of 60 and the allocation of marks reflects the weighting of assessment
objectives as shown below:
A generic mark scheme for coursework is given below (and included in the syllabus booklet). It is not
necessary to design specific mark schemes for individual projects.
The criteria for assessment are also given in the syllabus and are based on a levels system, with three levels
(level 1: some positive achievement, level 2: competent and level 3: excellent). Each level will be deemed to
be just achieved or easily achieved, thus giving the two possible marks for the level and a possible total of
6 for each criterion.
The criteria reflect the objectives of the overall syllabus, thus there are three groups,
5–6 Excellent
3–4 Competent
The higher the mark, the greater the breadth and depth of the candidate’s insight into, and handling of topic,
methods, data and conclusions.
2: Understanding the resource, development, impact and management aspects of the problem
5–6 Aspects interrelated using appropriate terminology.
5: Presenting findings
5–6 An appropriate range of presentation techniques used accurately.
1–2 Limited presentation techniques with basic level of accuracy and clarity.
6: Analysing data
5–6 Thorough interpretation, discerning patterns of cause and effect and recognising limitations of
data.
3–4 Valid, straightforward interpretation, discerning some patterns of cause and effect.
3–4 Recognition of value positions of people involved, and some assessment of possible factors
influencing those values.
8: Evaluating choices
5–6 Evaluation of choices open to decision-makers, and some assessment of relative importance of
influences and constraints.
3–4 Evaluation of choices open to decision-makers, and some assessment of possible influences and
constraints.
9: Evaluating strategies
5–6 Thorough identification and explanation of possible strategy for sustainable development, with
some evaluation of advantages and disadvantages.
1–2 Identification of possible strategy for sustainable development, with limited explanation.
3–4 Judgements made about Impact and Management issues involved in the topic with explanation.
1–2 Judgements made about Impact and Management issues involved in the topic, with limited
explanation.
Finally, Individual Candidates Record Cards for these marked samples have been included, giving a full
breakdown of the marks awarded and showing the kind of comments that Cambridge expects teachers to
make on this form.
Read through these three pieces to familiarise yourself with the criteria and levels, using the scheme above.
The table shows the marks that each sample piece of coursework has been awarded. The moderator’s
comments have been reproduced on the coursework itself and in summary at the end of each portfolio.
1. This form is an interactive PDF and may be completed in one of three ways:
x on-screen and then printed out
x on-screen and then printed out; add any internally moderated marks by hand
x printed out and completed on paper by hand.
2. Additional copies of this form can be downloaded from the samples database www.cie.org.uk/samples.
The examples of projects described below were developed for advisory purposes and may be amended when undertaken by individual candidates. Please outline between three and five possible
projects.
Section 3: Assessing the coursework
1. This form is an interactive PDF and may be completed in one of three ways:
x on-screen and then printed out
x on-screen and then printed out; add any internally moderated marks by hand
x printed out and completed on paper by hand.
Cambridge recommends that, wherever possible, this form is completed on-screen. The form will add up the candidates’ marks for you and eliminate the risk of calculation error.
2. Additional copies of this form can be downloaded from the samples database www.cie.org.uk/samples.
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Section 3: Assessing the coursework
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Assignment A
Disposal: A Problem in New Delhi
Assignment B
Does soil pollution delay plant growth?
Assignment C
Beach pollution of the River Plate