Tutorial Sheet No.

1
B Tech. Vth semester
(EC501) Antenna &Wave Propagation

P 1.1. Calculate the maximum directivity of an antenna with radiation intensity U=M Sinθ .

P 1.2. An antenna consisting of 50 meter long vertical conductor is fed with a frequency of 600 KHz
Calculate the radiation resistance of the antenna

P 1.3 A uniform plane wave is incident upon a Hertazian dipole, if it is having length of λ/50 and diameter
Λ/300.Calculate the aperture efficiency of the antenna.

P 1.4 Drive the relation between U (θ,υ) and P(θ,υ).An antenna in free space is producing a field of 100
mA/m at a distance of 100 m ,calculate the radiation intensity.

P 1.5 An antenna in free space receives 4μw power, when the magnetic field is (1/6π) mA/m .Calculate the
effective aperture and corresponding electric field .

P 1.6 For a 2.4 m parabolic dish antenna operating at 4 GHz .Calculate the minimum distance required for
far field measurement

P1.7 The first null beam widths (FNBW) of an antenna in the two orthogonal planes are 1000 and 600
respectively .Calculate the directivity(in dB) of the antenna .

P 1.8 Consider an array of two non directional radiators with spacing d+0.5λ. Determine the direction of
maximum radiation, when the radiators are exited as shown in fig. Calculate the phase shift required
for turning the direction of maximum radiation by 900, keeping the separation d unchanged.

P 1.9 The first null beam widths (FNBW) of an antenna in the two orthogonal planes are 500 and 200
respectively .Calculate the beam solid angle.
 Tutorial Sheet No.2
B Tech. Vth semester
(EC501) Antenna &Wave Propagation

P 2.1. .A 3m diameter parabolic reflector is used as receiving antenna for satellite television reception at 5
GHz. The reflector is connected to the television receiver through a 78Ώ coaxial cable. The aperture
efficiency is approximately 75%.Assuming the maximum incident power density from the satellite is
10 μw/m2,what is the i) Directivity of antenna in dB ii) Power delivered to the TV when reflection co-
efficient at TV terminal is 0.2.

P 2.2 Two isotropic antennas form an array as shown in fig. What should be the value of α so that the
radiation pattern has a null at θ=300?Find the direction of maximum radiation for that value of α.

I‫ے‬00 --●---------------------●--I‫ے‬α0
Ì 3λ/4 Ì

P 2.3 An antenna is fed with 100 W power. The efficiency of antenna is 80% .If the power pattern of the
antenna is p () = sin2 sin2 for 0     , 0     .Find the radiation intensity in the direction
of maximum radiation. Also find the power density at a distance of 10 km in the direction of
maximum radiation.

P 2.4 The field radiation pattern of an antenna is giver by

Sin (10 COS)

F () =  0

Sin (2 COSθ)

Find the direction of nulls, direction of maximum radiation and HPBW of the antenna

P 2.5 A vertical oscillatory dipole radiates 1 kw power .Find the electric field and poynting vector at a
distance of 10 km from the dipole in the horizontal plane passing through the dipole .What is the
direction of electric field at the point of observation?

P 2.6 A 50 Ώ transmission line is connected to a load which is normalized to a value of 4, Calculate i)

reflection co-efficient ii) VSWR

P 2.7 A wave traveling in medium 1 with εr=9, is incident normally on a medium 2 having €r=4.Find SWR
and the fraction of power reflected in medium 1
 Tutorial Sheet No.3
B Tech. Vth semester
(EC501) Antenna &Wave Propagation

P 3.1. .For a current element operating at 3 KHz, calculate the distance at which amplitudes of radiation field
and induction field of HФ, will be equal.

P 3.2 The field radiation pattern of an antenna is given as

F(θ) = Cos8θ for 0     /2 , 0    2 and zero elsewhere.

Find the directivity of antenna in dB.

P 3.3 A two element array of isotropic antennas is to be used to get maximum radiation and a null along
the array axis in the opposite directions. Find the array parameters and plot the radiation pattern.
Justify your assumption.

P 3.4 What do you understand by retarded vector potential? A 0.1 m long thin wire is carrying 10 A peak
current at 30 MHz. It is oriented along the y-direction and located at the origin. Find the magnetic vector
potential at point (10, 20, 30) m.

P 3.5 Find the magnetic field intensity in spherical co-ordinate system due to current element.

P 3.6 The electric field in a material with ε = 9 ε0 and μ = 25 μ0 is given by

E = 10 cos (at ─ bz) i + 5 sin (at ─ bz) j
What should be the relation between a and b so that the fields are consistent with source free Maxwell’s
equations?

P 3.7 Two parabolic dish antenna having radiation pattern cos2 θ and cos3 θ are mounted on microwave towers
to look into each other, θ is the angle measured from the line joining the two antennas. If 25 W of power
at 2.4 GHz is supplied to one of the antenna , how much power will be received by the other antenna?
Assume the antennas are perfectly matched and the separation between them is 50 km.

P 3.8 What is the need of flaring of the sides of waveguide to serve as a horn antenna? For a 30 X 50 cm horn
antenna operating at 5 GHz, calculate the minimum distance required for far field measurement.

P 3.9 Plot the neat sketches for the radiation pattern of following antennas
i) Parabolic reflector ii) Vertical pattern for dipole of 2 λ
iii) Log periodic complementary structure iv) Any resonant antenna
v) Helical antenna
Also mention the type of polarized wave that we can get from these antennas.
 Tutorial Sheet No.4
B Tech. Vth semester
(EC501) Antenna &Wave Propagation

P 4.1. What are the difficulties of front feed in parabolic reflector antenna and how they can be reduced.

P 4.2 HPBW of a 6 m parabolic reflector is, 0.15 rad .Calculate the gain (dB), frequency of the signal and
effective aperture area .

P 4.3 A helical antenna has 20 turns, HPBW+27.20 and FNBW+60.140 Calculate the directivity of the
antenna in dB.

P 4.4 Derive the expression for FNBW of i) broadside array ii) end-fire array.

P 4.5 What are the salient features of frequency independent antennas? Drive an expression for α in terms of
σ and τ of log periodic dipole array.

P 4.6 A transverse electromagnetic wave with circular polarization is received by a vertically polarized
antenna .Due to polarization mismatch, Calculate the power transfer efficiency from the wave to the
antenna and VSWR.

P 4.7 Differentiate between narrow band and broad antennas. Design a log periodic toothed antenna
operating between 5–10 GHz. Assume if any data is required

P 4.8 Explain axial and normal mode of operation of helical antenna. A helical antenna has 20 turns,
HPBW=27.20 and FNBW=60.140 Calculate the directivity of the antenna in dB

P 4.9 How will you feed a parabolic reflector antenna? Explain spill over, aperture blocking and off set
feed. HPBW of a 6 m parabolic reflector is, 0.10 radian .Calculate the gain (dB), frequency of the
signal and effective aperture area.

P4.10 Calculate the directivity of four element broadside and end-fire arrays with

P4.11 A 20 turn helical antenna operating in the axial mode is used as a transmitting antenna ia a 500
MHz long distance communication system. The receiving antenna is a linearly polarized element.
Because the transmitting and receiving elements are not matched in polarization, approximately how
Many dB of losses are introduced because of polarization mismatch?
 Tutorial Sheet No.5
B Tech. Vth semester
(EC501) Antenna &Wave Propagation

P 5.1. What do you mean by retarded vector potential? Derive an expression for electric and magnetic fields for
current element.

P 5.2 Derive an expression for the directivity of broad side and end-fire array for N element array.

P 5.3 The critical frequency of an ionospheric layer is 10 MHz, what is the maximum launching
angle from the horizon for which 20 MHz will be reflected by the layer?

P 5.4 What do you understand by radio horizon? If the heights of both receiving and transmitting antenna
are 100 m, what is its radio horizon?

P 5.5 A line of characteristic impedance 100 Ω is terminated by load impedance of 100 Ω . Calculate The
VSWR of the line measured at λ/4 distance from the load.

P 5.6 The parallel branches of a 2 wire transmission line terminated with 100 Ω and 200 Ω position as
shown in fig. The characteristic impedance of the line is Z0 = 50 Ω and each section have a
length of λ/4. Calculate the voltage reflection co-efficient τ at the input.

P 5.7 Two microwave towers are separated by a distance of 20 km .The transmitter and receiver towers have
Heights 150 m and 10 m respectively. If the transmitted power is 100 W find the received power when
i) both antennas are isotropic ii) both antennas look into each other and have directivity of 30 dB
(Wavelength of the signal is 3 cm).

P 5.8 An impedance of (0.5 – j0.4)z0 is connected to a transmission line of Z0 = 50 Ω . A capacitive

window with a susceptance jB = j0.4Y0 is located at a distance of 0.2λ from the load. Determine the
VSWR i) in the absence of window ii) in the presence of Window.
 Tutorial Sheet-6
B Tech. Vth semester
(EC501) Antenna &Wave Propagation

P 6.1 Derive an expression of critical frequency for sky wave propagation. The critical frequency of an
ionospheric layer is 10 MHz, what is the maximum launching angle from the horizon for which 20
MHz will be reflected by the layer.

P 6.2 Explain ionosphere in detail. The F1 layer of ionosphere has a height of 400 km and electron density
of 1011 electrons/m3 .What is the maximum possible elevation angle for a 30 MHz radiation to get
reflected from the layer? What is the kip distance?

P 6.3 A vertically polarized wave having power density of 100 W/m2 is launched as a surface wave along
a smooth ground having dielectric constant 20 and conductivity 10 -2 υ/m. The frequency of the wave
is 2 MHz . Find the wave tilt and the power loss per unit area of the ground.

P 6.4 Two isotropic microwave antennas are located on two towers of height 100 m and 60 m respectively.
The distance between the towers is 2 km. Assuming flat earth , find the distance of the reflection
Point for the ground reflected wave. If the frequency of the signal is 4 GHz, find the phase difference
Between the direct and the reflected wave at the receiver due to propagation delay.

P 6.5 What do you understand by radio horizon? If the heights of both receiving and transmitting antenna
are 100 m, what is its radio horizon?