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Navigation. Navigation Tools. Fixiing a Ship’s Position - 8 Тема

The document discusses various navigation techniques and tools used to determine a ship's position, including celestial navigation with a sextant and coastal navigation using landmarks. It explains how navigators plot positions on charts and make fixes using compass bearings from multiple objects. Additionally, it covers dead reckoning as a method for calculating position based on course, speed, and distance, while accounting for environmental factors like wind and tide.

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Лиляна Иванова
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4 views

Navigation. Navigation Tools. Fixiing a Ship’s Position - 8 Тема

The document discusses various navigation techniques and tools used to determine a ship's position, including celestial navigation with a sextant and coastal navigation using landmarks. It explains how navigators plot positions on charts and make fixes using compass bearings from multiple objects. Additionally, it covers dead reckoning as a method for calculating position based on course, speed, and distance, while accounting for environmental factors like wind and tide.

Uploaded by

Лиляна Иванова
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Навигация : навигационни способи и уреди за

определяне на мястото на кораба


/ NAVIGATION. NAVIGATION TOOLS. FIXIING A SHIP’S
POSITION /

The ship safely from places to place as quickly and economically as possible. To do this he
must have a thorough knowledge of navigation. From a moment a ship leaves a berth to her
arrival at the next port, her position is constantly checked and plotted on a chart.
When out of sight of land, a ship’s position can be found by using the techniques of celestial
navigation. Celestial navigation involves taking observations of the sun, moon and stars with
a sextant. This is an instrument which measures the angle between the celestial body and
the horizon. With this information and the tables given in the Nautical Almanac, the
navigator is able to calculate the ship’s position. The position is marked on the chart by a dot
with a circle round it.
While in sight of land, the navigator uses the technique of coastal navigation to find his
position. Navigation in coastal waters is known as pilotage. At regular intervals the officer on
watch takes observations of conspicuous landmarks, using the ship’s compass and a sextant.
By looking at the chart to find out the height of the object and by making adjustments for
tide and the height of the bridge from sea level, he can calculate the distance of the ship
from the object. The ship’s position will now lie somewhere on the circumference of a circle
with the object at its centre and the distance off as the radius. To find the exact position of a
ship a compass bearing can be used. The position of the ship is where the line cuts the circle.
This is known as making a fix.
There are other ways of making a fix- two, or even better, three simultaneous compass
bearings can be taken of different objects. Theoretically the lines from these objects should
intersect at the same point. In practice they usually from a triangle, which is called a cocked
hat. If it is small, the ship’s position is assumed to be at the point of the triangle, which is
called a cocked hat. If the triangle is large, the bearings should be taken again.
Ship’s position can be calculated by a technique known as dead reckoning (DR). In this case
the navigator needs to know the ship’s course, speed and distance run. A DR position is
made more difficult to calculate to because of the effects of wind, tide and current.

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