Download Complete Raspberry Pi Computing Analog Measurement Malcolm Maclean PDF for All Chapters
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Welcome! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What are we trying to do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Who is this book for? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What will we need? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Why on earth did I write this rambling tome? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Where can you get more information? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Raspberry Pi Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Raspberry Pi B+, B2, B3 and B3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
USB Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Video Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Ethernet Network Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
USB Power Input Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
MicroSD Flash Memory Card Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Stereo and Composite Video Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
40 Pin Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Raspberry Pi Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Keyboard / Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Welcome to Raspbian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Downloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Writing the Operating System image to the SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Enabling Secure Shell Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Powering On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The Command Line interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Software Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
CONTENTS
Power Up the Pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Static IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
The Netmask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CIDR Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Distinguish Dynamic from Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lets edit the dhcpcd.conf file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Remote access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Remote access via SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Setting up the Server (Raspberry Pi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Setting up the Client (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
WinSCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Setting up a WiFi Network Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Built in WiFi Enabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Make the changes operative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Make the built in WiFi IP address static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Make the changes operative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
WiFi Via USB Dongle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Editing files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Make the changes operative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Make USB WiFi IP address static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Make the changes operative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Reconnecting to the wireless network automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Let’s write a script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Lets run our script on a regular schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Let’s test it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Record the readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Recording data on a regular basis with cron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Managing database size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Explore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Simple data point API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Extracting a Range of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Wrap Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Linux Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What is Linux? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Linux Directory Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
/bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
/boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
/dev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
/etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/etc/cron.d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/etc/rc?.d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/lib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/lost+found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
/mnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
/opt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
/proc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
/root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
/sbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
/srv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
/tmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/usr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/usr/bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/usr/lib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/usr/local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/usr/sbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/var . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
/var/lib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
/var/log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
/var/spool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
/var/tmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Everything is a file in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Traditional Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
CONTENTS
File Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
The nano Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Executing Commands in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
The Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Putting it all together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
apt-get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
The apt-get command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
apt-get update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
apt-get upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
apt-get install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
apt-get remove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
The cat command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Arguments and Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Test yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
The cd command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Test yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
chmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
The chmod command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
crontab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
The crontab command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Test yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
ifconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
The ifconfig command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Test yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
The ls command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
CONTENTS
ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
The ping command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Test yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
sudo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
The sudo command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
The ‘sudoers’ file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
sudo vs su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Test yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
¹https://www.goodfreephotos.com
²https://www.ebay.com/usr/fluxworkshop
Introduction 2
• A Keyes KY-018 LDR³. They are available from lots of places for around $2 US.
• An ADS1015 ADC from Adafruit⁴. The ADS1015 has a 12bit resolution giving it the ability
to convert an analog signal into one of 4096 discrete levels.
• Some 2.54mm header pins for the ADC module (these are widely available) and some
soldering equipment (you could solder directly, but that’s not as flexible).
• Some dupont connectors (that’s what I used, but you could connect to the Pi and the
modules in different ways).
• An Internet connection for getting and updating the software.
As we work through the book we will be covering off the different parts required and you should
get a good overview of what your options are in different circumstances.
³https://www.google.co.nz/search?q=Keyes+KY-018+LDR
⁴http://www.adafruit.com/products/1083
⁵https://leanpub.com/RPiMRE
⁶https://leanpub.com/b/rpc
⁷https://www.raspberrypi.org/
⁸https://plus.google.com/u/0/communities/113390432655174294208
⁹https://www.reddit.com/r/raspberry_pi/
¹⁰https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions?sort=newest
The History of the Raspberry Pi
The story of the Raspberry Pi starts in 2006 at the University of Cambridge’s Computer
Laboratory. Eben Upton, Rob Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan Mycroft became concerned at the
decline in the volume and skills of students applying to study Computer Science. Typical student
applicants did not have a history of hobby programming and tinkering with hardware. Instead
they were starting with some web design experience, but little else.
They established that the way that children were interacting with computers had changed. There
was more of a focus on working with Word and Excel and building web pages. Games consoles
were replacing the traditional hobbyist computer platforms. The era when the Amiga, Apple II,
ZX Spectrum and the ‘build your own’ approach was gone. In 2006, Eben and the team began
to design and prototype a platform that was cheap, simple and booted into a programming
environment. Most of all, the aim was to inspire the next generation of computer enthusiasts
to recover the joy of experimenting with computers.
Between 2006 and 2008, they developed prototypes based on the Atmel ATmega644 microcon-
troller. By 2008, processors designed for mobile devices were becoming affordable and powerful.
This allowed the boards to support an graphical environment. They believed this would make
the board more attractive for children looking for a programming-oriented device.
Eben, Rob, Jack and Alan, then teamed up with Pete Lomas, and David Braben to form the
Raspberry Pi Foundation. The Foundation’s goal was to offer two versions of the board, priced
at US$25 and US$35.
50 alpha boards were manufactured in August 2011. These were identical in function to what
would become the model B. Assembly of twenty-five model B Beta boards occurred in December
2011. These used the same component layout as the eventual production boards.
Interest in the project increased. They were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie
trailer and running benchmarking programs. During the first week of 2012, the first 10 boards
were put up for auction on eBay. One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum
at The Centre for Computing History in Suffolk, England. While the ten boards together raised
The History of the Raspberry Pi 5
over 16,000 Pounds (about $25,000 USD) the last to be auctioned (serial number No. 01) raised
3,500 Pounds by itself.
The Raspberry Pi Model B entered mass production with licensed manufacturing deals through
element 14/Premier Farnell¹¹ and RS Electronics¹². They started accepting orders for the model
B on the 29th of February 2012. It was quickly apparent that they had identified a need in the
marketplace. Servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing
their browsers. The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out
within few minutes of the initial launch. RS Components took over 100,000 pre orders on the
first day of sales.
Within two years they had sold over two million units.
The the lower cost model A went on sale for $25 on 4 February 2013. By that stage the Raspberry
Pi was already a hit. Manufacturing of the model B hit 4000 units per day and the amount of
on-board ram increased to 512MB.
The official Raspberry Pi blog reported that the three millionth Pi shipped in early May 2014.
In July of that year they announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, “the final evolution of the
original Raspberry Pi. For the same price as the original Raspberry Pi model B, but incorporating
numerous small improvements”. In November of the same year the even lower cost (US$20) A+
was announced. Like the A, it would have no Ethernet port, and just one USB port. But, like the
B+, it would have lower power requirements, a micro-SD-card slot and 40-pin HAT compatible
GPIO.
On 2 February 2015 the official Raspberry Pi blog announced that the Raspberry Pi 2 was
available. It had the same form factor and connector layout as the Model B+. It had a 900
MHz quad-core ARMv7 Cortex-A7 CPU, twice the memory (for a total of 1 GB) and complete
compatibility with the original generation of Raspberry Pis.
¹¹http://element14.com/
¹²http://www.rs-components.com/index.html
The History of the Raspberry Pi 6
Following a meeting with Eric Schmidt (of Google fame) in 2013, Eben embarked on the design
of a new form factor for the Pi. On the 26th of November 2015 the Pi Zero was released. The Pi
Zero is a significantly smaller version of a Pi with similar functionality but with a retail cost of
$5. On release it sold out (20,000 units) World wide in 24 hours and a free copy was affixed to
the cover of the MagPi magazine.
The Raspberry Pi 3 was released in February 2016. The most notable change being the inclusion
of on-board WiFi and Bluetooth.
In February 2017 the Raspberry Pi Zero W was announced. This device had the same small form
factor of the Pi Zero, but included the WiFi and Bluetooth functionality of the Raspberry Pi 3.
On Pi day (the 14th of March (Get it? 3-14?)) in 2018 the Raspberry Pi 3+ was announced. It
included dual band WiFi, upgraded Bluetooth, Gigabit Ethernet and support for a future PoE
card. The Ethernet speed was actually 300Mpbs since it still needs to operate on a USB2 bus. By
this stage there had been over 9 million Raspberry Pi 3’s sold and 19 million Pi’s in total.
It would be easy to consider the measurement of the success of the Raspberry Pi in the number
of computer boards sold. Yet, this would most likely not be the opinion of those visionaries who
began the journey to develop the boards. Their stated aim was to re-invigorate the desire of
young people to experiment with computers and to have fun doing it. We can thus measure
their success by the many projects, blogs and updated school curriculum’s that their efforts have
produced.
Raspberry Pi Versions
In the words of the totally awesome Raspberry Pi¹³ foundation;
The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer
monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It’s capable of doing every-
thing you’d expect a desktop computer to do, from browsing the internet and playing
high-definition video, to making spreadsheets, word-processing, playing games and
learning how to program in languages like Scratch and Python.
There are (at time of writing) eight different models on the market. The A, B, A+, B+, ‘model B 2’,
‘model B 3’, ‘model B 3+’ (which I’m just going to call the B2, B3 and B3+ respectively), the Zero
and Zero W. A lot of projects will typically use either the the B2, B3 or the B3+ for no reason
other than they offer a good range of USB ports (4), 1024 MB of RAM, an HMDI video connection
and an Ethernet connection. For all intents and purposes either the B2, B3 or B3+ can be used
interchangeably for the projects depending on connectivity requirements as the B3 and B3+ has
WiFi and Bluetooth built in. For size limited situations or where lower power is an advantage,
the Zero or Zero W is useful, although there is a need to cope with reduced connectivity options
¹³http://www.raspberrypi.org/help/what-is-a-raspberry-pi/
Raspberry Pi Versions 8
(a single micro USB connection) although the Zero W has WiFi and Bluetooth built in. Always
aim to use the latest version of the Raspbian operating system (or at least one released on or after
the 14th of March 2018). For best results browse the ‘Downloads¹⁴’ page of raspberrypi.org.
¹⁴https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/
Raspberry Pi Versions 9
Raspberry Pi B models
The model B+, B2, B3 and B3+ all share the same form factor and have been a consistent standard
for the layout of connectors since the release of the B+ in July 2014. They measure 85 x 56 x
17mm, weighs 45g and are powered by Broadcom chipsets of varying speeds, numbers of cores
and architectures.
USB Ports
They include 4 x USB Ports (with a maximum output of 1.2A)
— Jaa, kuin?
— Humisevat.
Äänettömyys.
— Kuinka?
Äänettömyys.
Sitten ikäherra:
— Kuinka?
Äänettömyys.
Naisihminen:
— Kuinka?
Äänettömyys.
Ikäherra:
— Jaa, kuin?
Äänettömyys.
Naishenkilö:
— Häh?
Naishenkilö:
— Kuinka?
— Jaa, kuin?
— Jassoo.
Pitempi äänettömyys.
Sitten naishenkilö:
— Mitäs herran korville on tehty?
— Kuinka?
Ikäherra, katkerasti:
— Kuinka?
— Tietysti.
— Missä?
— Herran korvissa.
— Pi… kuka hänet tiesi! Aina ne vain humisevat. Eikö liene taas
koko pää mätää täynnä.
— Se on hyvin ikävää!
— Kuinka?
— Se on hyvin ikävää!
Äänettömyys.
Ikäherra:
— Jaa, kuin?
— Mitäs…
— Numero neljä!
Mutta kun tuttavat kysyvät, että ehkä sen voi järjestää myöskin
talvihuvilaksi, kun ei Ymmyrkäisillä ole muutakaan asuntoa ensi
talveksi tiedossa, alkaa Filemon Ymmyrkäinen puhua muista asioista.
VIATON PILA
— Päivää!
Se lähinnä oikealla istuva henkilö oli vanhahko mies. Vanhahko
mies ojensi epäröiden kätensä ja tervehti.
— Kuka te olette?
— Kas, Jeremi Vauhkola, terve mieheen! Minä kuulin, että sinä jäät
edelleenkin vanhaan asuntoosi Tunturilaaksonkatu 37 B, kolmas
kerros…?
Päivällinen kestää kello 7:n korville. Mutta silloin tulee uusi murhe:
mihin mentäisiin illalla?
— Se olisi iiiiiiihanaa…!
— Alkakaa te vain syödä, minä tulen sitten kun olen saanut tämän
auki, kuului hra Vekaraisen hieman hermostunut ääni pensaan takaa.