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section3.3

This document covers key concepts in precalculus algebra related to rates of change and the behavior of graphs, including average rate of change, local maxima and minima, and absolute extrema. It explains how to determine where functions are increasing, decreasing, or constant, and provides examples and questions for practice. Additionally, it outlines homework assignments to reinforce the material covered in Section 3.3.

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3 views

section3.3

This document covers key concepts in precalculus algebra related to rates of change and the behavior of graphs, including average rate of change, local maxima and minima, and absolute extrema. It explains how to determine where functions are increasing, decreasing, or constant, and provides examples and questions for practice. Additionally, it outlines homework assignments to reinforce the material covered in Section 3.3.

Uploaded by

spotiseasy57
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Precalculus algebra

Section 3.3: Rates of Change and Behavior of Graphs


What we will cover:

 Average rate of change


 Local maxima and local minima
 Absolute maximum and absolute minimum
 Locating and reporting where a function is increasing, decreasing and
constant
Average rate of change
 Average rate of change tells how the output quantity changes with
respect to the input quantity

 Average rate of change is identical to slope and has formula:

∆𝑦 𝑓 𝑥2 − 𝑓(𝑥1 )
=
∆𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

 Example: If y axis represents miles travelled and x axis represents hours, then
average rate of change tells distance travelled each hour.
Average Rate of Change
 Example: After picking up a friend who lives 10 miles away and leaving on
a trip, Anna records her distance from home over time (see below).
Determine Anna’s average speed over the first 6 hours.
Average Rate of Change
4
 Determine the average rate of change of the function 𝑘 𝑡 = 6𝑡 2 + 𝑡 3 on
the interval [-1,3]
Average Rate of Change
 Determine the average rate of change of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 1 on
the interval 𝑥, 𝑥 + ℎ
Determine where a function is Increasing

 A function is increasing on an interval if the output values increase as the


input values increase within that interval

 A function that is increasing on an interval slants upward as we move from left to


right

 Average rate of change (slope) remains positive on that interval


Determine where a function is decreasing

 A function is decreasing on an interval if the output values decrease as the


input values increase within that interval

 A function that is decreasing on an interval slants downward as we move from left


to right

 Average rate of change (slope) remains negative on that interval


Determine where a function is constant

 A function is constant on an interval if the output values neither increase


nor decrease as the input values increase within that interval

 A function that is a constant on an interval remains “flat” as we move from left to


right

 Average rate of change (slope) remains zero on that interval


Question
 Estimate the intervals on which the function below is increasing or decreasing
Local Maxima (Local Extrema)

 A function 𝑓 has a local maximum at 𝑥 = 𝑏 if there exists an open interval containing 𝑏


such that for any 𝑥 in the open interval, 𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 𝑓 𝑏

 A potential local maximum is present where a function makes a transition from


increasing to decreasing

 Local maximum cannot exist at the endpoint of function.


Local Minimum (Local Extrema)
 A function 𝑓 has a local minimum at 𝑥 = 𝑏 if there exists an open interval containing 𝑏
such that for any 𝑥 in the open interval, 𝑓 𝑏 ≤ 𝑓 𝑥

 A potential local minimum is present where a function makes a transition from


decreasing to increasing.

 Local minimum cannot exist at the endpoint of function.


Question
 For the function below :
a) State the domain of the function
b) determine all local maxima and local minima
Absolute Extrema
 Absolute maximum
 Largest value on the domain of function

 Formal definition:

 Absolute minimum
 Smallest value on the domain of function

 Formal definition:

 Note: It is possible for a function to have one absolute extrema located at different points
on its domain.
Question
 For the function below determine all absolute extrema
Question:
 For the function below determine:
a) the intervals on which the function is increasing or decreasing
b) the function’s local extrema, if any
c) the function’s absolute extrema, if any
Homework section 3.3 due:
 Review for test 1 (2/12):
Chapter 3 Practice Quiz (week 5) moodle, #1, 2, 3, 8, 11
Chapter 2 Practice Quiz (week 4) moodle, all problems
Good idea to look at homework problems from chapter 2 and 3.1-3.3
You will need a scientific calculator
cell phones calculators are not allowed.

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