ENGLISH

A CADEMIC
FOR

QUARTER 1 REVIEWER
P
AND
ROFESSIONAL (Please read these important key points properly)
P URPOSES Page 1
POINT OF VIEW OF NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS
LESSON 1: ACADEMIC &
Subjective and Personal based on personal opinions and
NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS feelings rather than on facts that come from reliable
sources like research papers do.
Academic Text is more on content associated with formal
Asking Rhetorical Questions texts may not necessarily
learning
answer any question it has though it may give an obvious
1. Textbook specifically designed to help the learners for
answer. Usually, the writer simply lays the answer to be
specific subjects or disciplines. have highly set languages
discovered by the reader.
depending on the discipline to which the textbooks will be
Rule Breaker rules in spelling, grammar and other writing
used for.
mechanics need not be followed by non-academic
2. Essays shows how deep you have learned a topic or
writers.
lesson. Vary in length and formality, but they always
contain three parts: Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion.
Usually need to include citations of sources. LESSON 2: TYPES OF
3.Thesis longer texts include Master's level and theses TEXT STRUCTURES
(typically 60,000 to 80,000 words) and Doctor's level
Narrative - predict what will happen next or explain how
(Ph.D.) dissertations (typically 10,000 to 20,000 words).
something works or happens.
4. Research Articles written mainly for a specialist
Example: Adrian was asked to give a speech about how
audience, meaning other researchers, academics and
postgraduate students. the newly-wed couple met.
5. Case Studies: found in any discipline, though they are Definition - explaining unfamiliar terms.
most common in humanities, example business, sociology, Example: Earth's core is the very hot and dense center of
and law. Primarily descriptive and in-depth studies into our planet that lies beneath the crust and mantle.
the lives of particular individuals/subjects. Description - to describe, may be an object, a person,
6. Reports its purpose is to describe what happened and place, experience, emotion, situation, event, etc.
discuss and evaluate its importance. Reports are found in Example: A baby chimp laughs when its mother tickles it.
different disciplines, such as science, law, and medicine. Classification - to organize ideas into categories.
Comparison and Contrast - used to show how two ideas
Non-Academic Text is more on content of extra-curricular are alike and different.
and leisurely activities. Example: Mrs. Reyes will present the Kinds of Paragraph
1. Email messages Sent or received over a computer
to her class.
network and can be sent to multiple recipients and carry
Comparison and Contrast - to show how two ideas are
multiple attachments at the same time.
alike and different
2. Personal Opinions can be communicated through essay
Example: The rural people are exposed to cleaner air and
writing or in any other form. You can express your own
opinion on the subject, it may be non-factual or baseless water while the urban people spend most of their time in
thus, anything that has no reference is considered non- traffic and polluted unhealthy air.
academic. Cause and Effect - to explain why things happen, and the
3. Newspapers Sometimes, you need to verify the content results of a certain phenomenon.
before accepting the statement in the newspapers, Example: Pneumonia is a serious illness affecting the
especially with the proliferation of fake news. Some lungs and breathing process caused by viruses or
writers are not realistic and are relying on fictitious,
bacteria.
sensationalized stories so that their newspapers will sell.
Chronological - to show order of things, how something
4. Magazines used for leisure time. That is why magazines
happens and the logical arrangement of things, also
are usually placed in a noticeable area in the office for
present a timeline of events.
visitors to browse or read while waiting to be called in for
Example: To make a chocolate cake, you should mix the
their appointment or for employees who are taking a
break. dry ingredients followed by the wet ingredients. Pour
5. Blog Articles or Social Media Posts contents can add the mixture in a baking pan and bake the cake for 30
more ideas about a particular thing but it’s not good to be minutes
a source of research, like for a thesis, except if your topic Problem and Solution - a dilemma is explained either
is about social media. Bloggers or social media through a solution.
personalities are very popular when it comes to website Example: Due to the chimpanzees are rapidly
content writing.
disappearing, the people are trying to save the
rainforests and woodlands from illegal loggers.
 ENGLISH
A CADEMIC
FOR

QUARTER 1 REVIEWER
P
AND
ROFESSIONAL (Please read these important key points properly)
P URPOSES Page 2
Example of a GOOD (OK) Thesis Statement
LESSON 3: SUMMARIZING ISSUE: The life of a typical SHS student is challenging
TECHNIQUES POSITION+RATIONALE (Argument): due to the need to
succeed in extra-curricular activities.
Summary: direct to the point narrative or
re-telling of a much longer text material AVOID THE FOLLOWING WHEN
Someone-Wanted-But-So-Then Technique - best used in WRITING A THESIS STATEMENT
identifying the parts of the story or plot. 1. A thesis statement should not be too broad.
S-A-A-C Technique - best used in chronological events and (also known as TBON)
showing steps in the text. Composed of STATE, ASSIGN, Example: The world is a magnificent place to live in.
ACTION and COMPLETE.
2. A thesis statement should not be too wordy.
Cornell Note Taking Technique - devised by Professor
(another variation of TBON)
Walter Paul of Cornell University in the 1950’s, mainly
Example: Some problems with Mountain City Elementary
used in identifying the main ideas and other important
points in the texts. School is that it needs a larger playground, an air-
conditioned gym, an auditorium, restrooms connected to
GUIDELINES IN SUMMARIZING each classroom, running water in the classrooms, and a
1. Clarify the reason for summarizing before reading. number of other physical changes to the building.
2. Read the material first while noting important details.
3. A thesis statement should not be too general.
3. If you can write on the material, encircle the key ideas
(considered as INCOMPLETE)
and important details.
Example: Mountain City Elementary is a good school.
4. If you cannot write on the material, note down the key
ideas and important details on your notebook, you may 4. A thesis statement should not be a title.
use a bulleted format. (also known as CSAT)
5. Without consulting the original text, connect the Example: Effects of Inflation
bulleted information you wrote down. 5. A thesis statement should not be a fact.
6. Re-write this bulleted information in your own words. (another variation of CSAT)
Stick to the ideas the details are presenting Example: Manitoba is famous for its landscape, weather,
7. Write the sentences in paragraph form. and Festival du Voyageur.
8. Compare your summary to that of the original text for
checking of accuracy. LESSON 5:
9. Create citations and references. CRITICAL APPROACHES
10. You may create your own title or copy the original one.
Critique - a careful analysis of an argument to
CITATION FORMATS determine what is said, how well the points are made,
a. Idea Heading Format - summary comes before the what assumptions underlie the argument
citation.
CRITICAL APPROACHES IN WRITING A CRITIQUE
b. Author Heading Format - the author’s name/s
comes/come first that the summary. 1. Formalist Criticism - Analysis on the formal feature of
c. Date Heading Format - the summary comes before the the subject not on the profile of the creator. Also
date when the original material was published. known as Close Reading.
It examines the form of the work as a whole, the form of
each individual part of the text (the individual scenes
LESSON 4: IDENTFYING
and chapters), the characters, the settings, the tone,
THESIS STATEMENTS the point of view, the diction, and all other elements of
the text) which join to make it a single text. After
Thesis Statement - is the main idea of an essay.
analyzing each part, the critic then describes how they
It is a claim that could be argued. It is written in one
sentence and often placed in the introductory work together to give meaning (theme) to the text.
paragraph. 2. Biographical Criticism - Relate the life of the creator
to the subject. It analyzes a writer's biography to show
Some common words used to connect the ISSUE and the relationship between the author's life and their
the POSITION+RATIONALE (also known as ARGUMENT) works of literature. The goal of a biographical criticism
are: Because, Should, Shouldn't, Due to. is understanding why the author wrote what he or she
wrote. Author’s Milleu is also included in this approach
 ENGLISH
A CADEMIC
FOR

QUARTER 1 REVIEWER
P
AND
ROFESSIONAL (Please read these important key points properly)
P URPOSES Page 3
PURPOSES OF DEFINITION
LESSON 5: CRITICAL APPROACHES (CON'T)
A definition is essential because it is used in developing
3. Historical Criticism - Analysis of social, cultural & concept.
intellectual context surrounding the text. This is criticism
in the light of historical evidence or based on the context 1. To clarify meanings of words, or to correct
in which a work was written, including facts about the misinterpretations, or misuse of a term.
author’s life and the historical and social circumstances
2. To stipulate the meaning of a term by limiting,
of the time. Events, lifestyle and norms is also a apart of
this criticism. extending, or redirecting the sense in which a term is
usually understood; to use a term, borrowed from
4. Gender Criticism - Examines how sexual identity another field of knowledge in a special way.
influences the creation and reception of the subject.
It examines how sexual / gender identity influences the WAYS OF ELUCIDATING CONCEPTS
creation, interpretation, and evaluation of literary works.
Because literature is timeless, Gender Criticism greatly 1. Formal – follows a pattern or equation:
influences the way society views gender differences. term + genus + differentia
Therefore, it examines how an author may have (differentiating characteristics)
influenced gender perception through a work of Ex: A robot is a machine that looks like a human being
literature. and performs complex acts of a human being (Webster)
5. Psychological Criticism - Investigates the creative
2. By synonym- using a word or phrase that shares a
process of the artist and nature of Literacy genius. It is
meaning with the term being defined.
the analysis of an author’s unintended message.
Ex: Elucidate – Explain
Character motivation and behavior is observed here.
6. Sociological Criticism - Studies the cultural, economic 3. By origin or semantic history
& political relationship between the subject and the Ex: Yoga comes from the Sanskrit “to join”
creator. The social environment of a person is also
examined on how it affects the text. 4. By Illustration (description)
Ex: Known for their shedding their leaves in the fall,
LESSON 6: WAYS OF deciduous trees include oaks, maples, and beeches.

ELUCIDATING CONCEPTS 5. By function

Ex: A thermometer measures temperature change.
CONCEPT PAPER - an academic writing that clarifies the
meaning of a concept or a term. Central to developing 6. By analysis (Breaking down wholes into parts,
concept papers is writing definitions.
aspects into levels, and a process into steps)
Ex: The republican form of government has three
DEFINITIONS - are used to provide the meaning of a
particular word or term. They may be formal, informal, or branches: the executive, the legislative, and the
extended. judiciary.

7. By likeness or similarity
1. Formal sentence definitions
Ex: Brighter than 100 million suns, quasars 7 stand like
include the term, class, and distinguishing features.
beacons on the shore of the universe.

8. By analogy or metaphor
Ex: The germs and bacteria or antigens are like a gang
of villains invading our body, attacking our unseen
2. Informal definitions
defenders, the layers of macrophages, cytokines,
do not include distinguishing features.
and lymphocytes.

9. By contrast- use of opposites

Ex: Unlike those of gas, the particles of plasma are
electrically charged.
3. Extended definitions
do not just define but describe, compare and contrast, 10. By negation – stating what a term is not.
show cause-and-effect relationships to provide the
Ex: Wild rice, an American delicacy, is not rice at all but
reader a holistic definition of a term.
the seed of a tall aquatic grass.