Computer Vision Questions:

 These questions are regarding the first 11 video lectures.

 1 question for each video.
 Channel Link
( https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7WsrdjAgosXksFetIfhCtIKgADda9BM3&si=9uvoj96gI5SWJNmk

 Answer these questions in each video comment with your Email ID.
 Avoid Plagiarism

Q1: How can images be manipulated and what methods can be used?

Q2: Is it possible for an image to contain syntax or semantics information?

Q3: What are content words and other W's, and why do we use or not use them? Please write the
definition of SDLC including content words.

Q4: What is the definition of a pixel in images and what are the techniques for manipulating pixels at
each point?

Q5: What distinguishes Image processing from Computer vision? What are the specific objectives of
image processing?

Q6: What are the various applications of computer vision in Railway, Security, Aerospace, and
Architecture?

Q7: Could you please explain the distinctions between mid-level, low-level, and high-level processes?
Also describe what is image segmentation?

Q8: Is it possible for computer vision to surpass human vision capabilities? Please explain with logical
reasoning.

Q9: What is image noise, and is it beneficial or detrimental? What strategies do you consider most
effective for minimizing image noise?

Q10: What is image enhancement?

Q11: Explain the image acquisition process. Why is it necessary to compare images?

Video Range 12-20:

Video 12:

1. What are the two important components in human visual perception?

2. What is color blindness?

Video 13:

1. What are the drawbacks of human visual systems?

2. How many different light intensity levels can the human visual system perceive, approximately?
3. Please explain optical illusion.
 4. What does simultaneous contrast refer to in the context of human vision?

Video 14:

1. What is light and electromagnetic spectrum?

2. What are some examples of applications of the electromagnetic spectrum that are beyond the
visible spectrum?
3. What is the range of wavelengths that the human visual system can sense?

Video 15:

1. What is the process of image acquisition in image processing, and how is it defined?
2. What is a pixel in the context of digital images.
3. What is the typical range of pixel values in grayscale images.
4. Provide some applications of illuminations and scenes.

Video 16:

1. How do we convert analog signal to digital signal?

2. What is quantization and image sampling?
3. Differentiate between Up-sampling and Down-sampling.
4. Does noise affect the process of sampling and quantization in digitized images?

Video 17:

1. What is pixel?
2. Differentiate between zooming and sampling.
3. What is pixel resolution? And how it is calculated?
4. Describe aspect ratio?

Video 18:

1. Define spatial resolution in the context of an image.

2. How spatial resolution of an image can be conducted?
3. What does DPI stand for and what does it measure?
4. What term is used by laser printers to describe the number of lines of dots they can print in a
single inch?
5. When printing an image, what is the typical range of DPI used by printers, such as laser printers?

Video 19:

1. What is Intensity level resolution? And how does intensity level resolution impact the detail and
smoothness of a digital image?
2. What level of intensity resolution is enough for an image?

Video 20:

1. How can you determine the appropriate resolution needed for an image?

Video Range (21-26)

Video 21:
 1. What is the term for directly manipulating pixels?
2. Can you explain the Fourier transformation of an image?
3. What is spatial domain enhancement? Also, provide an example of spatial domain
enhancement?
Video 22:

1. How does point processing differ in its dependence on certain factors? Explain the workings of
point processing using the formula f(x, y).
2. Define Contrast Stretching in point processing.
3. What types of information do resultant images display after point processing?
Video 23:

1. What is the distinction between Negative Images and contrast stretching images?
2. Which transformation is used to expand a narrow range of low input grey level values into a
wider range of output values?
3. If we have lower amplitudes in the input image, what is the range of grey levels?
Video 24:

1. How do you distinguish between Contrast Stretching and piecewise transformation?

2. What is the objective of Contrast Stretching?
3. If you have a 5-bit image, how do you fill the remaining bits gap?
Video 25:

1. What is Grey Level Slicing?

2. What is the drawback of image enhancement if we do not remove the noise?
Video 26:

1. What is a discrete function in a histogram? I

2. f I is a 3-band image where I(r, c, b) is an integer between 0 and 255, does I have 3 histograms?
Please explain.

Video Range 27-42:

Video 27:

1. What is image noise, and what are the common causes of noise in digital images?
2. What are the different formats for storing images, and how do their properties distinguish them
from one another?
3. Among various image storage formats, which ones are considered to be of the highest quality,
and which ones are typically regarded as lower-quality options?

Video 28:

5. Differentiate between degradation and restoration.

Video 29:
 4. What are noise models based on? Also list down the models for noise data.

Video 30:

5. How can we remove noise from derivative based operators?

6. What is Laplacian Filter? And can we use it directly for edge detection?
7. Describe Laplacian of Gaussian filter. Also explain for what purpose we use Laplacian Gaussian
filter.

Video 31:

5. Why geometric mean filter is better than arithmetic mean filter?

6. What are the differences between the geometric mean, arithmetic mean, and harmonic mean?
Explain their applicability and the scenarios in which each one is most suitable.
7. What distinguishes the contra-harmonic mean filter from the arithmetic mean filter, and how
does it excel in removing Gaussian type noise while preserving edge features?
8. What are the effects of applying the wrong filter on a noise image?

Video 32:

5. What is image restoration?

6. What are the objectives of image restoration?
7. What are the factors that contribute to the degradation of an image ?
8. What is the difference between image restoration and image enhancement?

Video 33:

6. What are the different types of mean filters?

7. Define geometric , harmonic and contra harmonic mean filters. Also tell which one is better?

Video 34:

3. List down the spatial filters for image restoration.

4. Explain each type of spatial filters and discuss the scenarios in which each type is most effective?

Video 35:

2. What is image segmentation? And what are the mechanisms of image segmentation?
3. What are the three primary steps involved in Digital Image Processing?
4. What are some practical applications where image segmentation is commonly used?

Video 36:

1. What is the definition of an edge in the context of image processing?

2. How do first and second order derivatives play a role in identifying and depicting edges?
3. What is the relationship between derivative filters and noise, and how does the order of the
filter affect the amount of noise generated?
4. Provide examples of derivative filters.

Video 37:
 1. What are the three fundamental types of grey level discontinuities that we tend to look for in
digital images, and how are these discontinuities detected?

Video 38:

1. Differentiate between morphology and morphological image processing?

2. What are the uses of morphological operations?

Video 39:

1. What is the role of structuring element in image processing?

2. How do terms like 'Fit,' 'Hit,' and 'Miss' describe its interaction with pixels in the image?

Video 40:

1. What are the basic operations involved in morphological processing? Also define them one by
one.

Video 41:

1. What are the compound morphological operations that can be achieved by combining erosions
and dilations, and which two are the most commonly used?
2. Differentiate these compound operations from each other.

Video 42:

1. List the morphological algorithms used for feature extraction in image processing.
2. What is boundary extraction and region filling?
3. How can we solve the problem of region filling?

4. Video Range 46-51

5. 46) How can you track objects and their relationships with each other?
6. 47) Can we achieve Edge-based Matching through template matching? Please explain the
relationship that template matching follows in this context.
7. 48) How do you categorize inter-class and intra-class variations, and could you provide an
example of modeling image variability in appearance cases?
8. 49) Can alignment cause information loss? If not, please explain. How do geometric primitives in
2D or 3D get affected, and why? Can you describe the process of performing object recognition
in conditions of occlusion and varying illuminance?
9. 50) What parameter do you choose for object identification, either in a gray scale or RGB image?
10. 51) How do you overcome appearance matching in grayscale images?

Video 53:
1. What is the difference between global descriptors and local descriptors in image features?
2. Is there a specific pattern of use for local and global descriptors?
3. As a data scientist solving a problem related to fine details in images, which method (global or
local) would you apply?
Video 54:
 1. As a data scientist with a dataset containing images of different classes, how do you define their
geometric class?
2. What techniques do generative representations typically follow (local features or global
features)?
3. How do you build a model based on generative representation?
4. How do you deal with sparse and dense problems in model representation?
Video 55:

1. What are the drawbacks of the bag of words approach, and in what ways are they helpful?
Video 56:

1. What is integration recognition and semantics recognition. How does this relate to the bag of
words approach?
2. When it comes to data augmentation, do you prefer global or local features?
Video 57:

1. Which feature technique do generators and discriminators follow?

2. What problem does Bayes' rule solve?
3. Do neighboring pixels help in the Generator or Discriminator?
Video 58:

1. Why is a threshold defined in the Discriminator?

2. Do Generator and Discriminator models face the same challenges? If not,
please explain."
Video Range 59-70:

Video 59

3. What is histogram equalization? And how does it improve the contrast in images?

Video 60:

6. How do neighborhood operations differ from point operations in image processing?

7. What does immediate neighbors stand for?
8. Are the terms 'filter,' 'mask,' 'kernel,' 'template,' and 'window' same in image processing? If they
are not the same, what are the distinctions between these terms?

Video 61:

5. What is the main goal of neighborhood operation?

6. What are types of neighborhood operations and how do these operator’s function?

Video 62:

8. Describe spatial filtering process in your own words.

Video 63:

9. What is smoothing spatial filtering? Also point out its advantages and disadvantages.
10. How can you differentiate the gross details from finer details in an image.
 11. Video 64:
9. What does weighted smoothing filter stands for and in which scenario is stands out best?

Video 65:

8. What is median filter and what are its advantages in in image enhancement?
9. What are steps for carrying out median filter in spatial image enhancement?
10. Differentiate between median filter and averaging filter. Which one is more applicable in image
enhancement.

Video 66:

5. How can edges be handled when applying filters in image processing?

6. Discuss terminologies such as omitting missing pixels, padding the image, replicating border
pixels, truncating the image.

Video 67:

5. How does the process of image sharpening work and what are its objectives?
6. What are some applications where image sharpening techniques are commonly used?

Video 68:

5. What is Spatial Differentiation? Why do we use Spatial Differentiation in digital

image processing?

Video 69:

1. What is a 1st order derivative? Why do we use 1st order derivative in digital image
processing?
2. What should be the value of 1st order derivative in flat segments and along the
ramps?

Video 70:

3. What is 2nd derivative and how does it differ from 1st derivative in image processing?
4. What are the advantages of 2nd derivative?