PROVING

THEOREMS ON
THE DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
PARALLELOGRAMS

Lesson 3-5
Proving Theorem
theorems on - A statement that can be
the different demonstrated to be true by
kinds of accepted mathematical
parallelograms operations and arguments.
- A process of showing a theorem
to be correct is called proof.
Proof:
The explanation of why a
statement is true.
Proving Theorems
theorems on - The diagonals of a rectangle are
the different congruent
kinds of - The diagonals of a rhombus are
parallelograms perpendicular to each other.
- Each diagonal of a rhombus
bisects its opposite angles.
- In a square, each diagonal forms
two ≅ isosceles right triangles.
PROVING
THEOREM ON
RECTANGLES

Lesson 3
 Proving Theorems
theorem on 1. The diagonals of a rectangle
rectangles are congruent
2. If a parallelogram has one right
angle, then it has four right
angles and the parallelogram is a
rectangle
 What are • A rectangle is a quadrilateral

the • The opposite sides are parallel and

properties of equal to each other

• A rectangle has four right angles
a rectangle?
• Each interior angles is equal to 90
degrees
• The diagonals bisect each other
• Both the diagonals have the same
length
 Proof:
Theorem 1 Statements Reasons
The diagonals of a rectangle are
congruent 1. Rectangle ABCD with
Given
diagonals AC and BD

B C 2. 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐶 Opposite sides of a rectangle

are congruent

3.∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶𝐷𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 Definition of Rectangle

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠

4. ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶𝐷𝐴 Any two right angles are

congruent
A D Reflexive Property (congruence
5. 𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐷𝐴 states that any shape is congruent to
Given: Rectangle ABCD with diagonals itself)
AC and DB
Prove: AC ≅ DB 6. ∆𝐵𝐴𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝐴 SAS Postulate

CPCTC (Corresponding parts of

7. 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐷𝐵 congruent triangles are
congruent)
 Proof: Statements Reasons
Theorem 2 WINS is a parallelogram with ∠𝑊 is a
1. right angle. Given
2. 𝑚∠𝑊 = 90 Definition of right angle
If a parallelogram has one right angle
then it has four right angles and the 3. ∠𝑊 ≅ ∠𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐼 ≅ ∠𝑆 In a parallelogram, opposite
parallelogram is a rectangle. angles are congruent
4. 𝑚∠𝑊 = 𝑚∠𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐼 = Definition of congruent
W I
𝑚∠𝑆 angles
Congruent angles are angles with
exactly the same measure
5. 𝑚∠𝑁 = 90 Substitution (Statement #2
and #4)
6. 𝑚∠𝑊 + 𝑚∠𝐼 = 180 Consecutive angles are
supplementary

S 7. 90 + 𝑚∠𝐼 = 180 Substitution (Statement #2

N
and #6)
Given: Rectangle WINS is a
parallelogram with ∠𝑊 is a right angle 8. 90 = 90 Reflexive Property
9. 𝑚∠𝑁 = 90 Subtraction Property (Statement #7)
Prove: 10. 𝑚∠𝑆 = 90 Substitution (Statement #4 and 9)
∠𝐼, ∠𝑁, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 If the measure of an angle is 90, then
11. ∠𝐼, ∠𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 it is a right angle
12. WINS is a rectangle Definition of rectangle.
PROVING
THEOREM ON
RHOMBUS

Lesson 4
 What are • A rhombus is a quadrilateral

the • All sides of a rhombus are parallel

• Opposite angles of a rhombus are
properties of equal
a rhombus? • In a rhombus, diagonals bisect each
other at right angles
90° • The sum of two adjacent angles is
equal to 180 degrees
• The diagonals of a rhombus form four
congruent interior triangles
 Proof: Statements Reasons
Theorem 3 1. Rhombus ROSE Given

The diagonals of a rhombus are 2. 𝑂𝑆 ≅ 𝑅𝑂 Definition of rhombus

perpendicular 3. RS and EO bisect each other The diagonals of a parallelogram
O bisect each other
R
4. H is the midpoint of RS All right angles are congruent

𝐻 5. 𝑅𝐻 ≅ 𝐻𝑆 𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝐻 ≅ 𝐻𝑂 Definition of Midpoint

6. 𝑂𝐻 ≅ 𝐻𝑂
Reflexive property
E S
Given: Rhombus ROSE 7. ∆𝑅𝐻𝑂 ≅ ∆𝑆𝐻𝑂 CPCTC

Consecutive angles are

8. ∠𝑅𝐻𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑆𝐻𝑂 supplementary
Prove: 𝑅𝑆 ⊥ 𝑂𝐸 ∠𝑅𝐺𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆𝐻𝑂 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟
9. ∠𝑅𝐻𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆𝐻𝑂 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡
10. 𝑅𝑆 ⊥ 𝑂𝐸 Perpendicular lines meet to form
right angles.
 Proof:
Theorem 4 Statements Reasons
Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects
opposite angles 1. Rhombus VWXY Given
V W
3
4
2. 𝑌𝑉 ≅ 𝑉𝑊 ; 𝑊𝑋 ≅ 𝑋𝑌 Definition of a Rhombus

3. 𝑊𝑌 ≅ 𝑌𝑊 3. Reflexive Property

12
Y X 4. ∆𝑌𝑉𝑊 ≅ ∆𝑊𝑋𝑌 SSS Congruence Postulate
Given: Rhombus VWXY

Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2 5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 ; ∠3 ≅ ∠4 CPCTC
∠3 ≅ ∠4
PROVING
THEOREM ON
SQUARE

Lesson 5
 What are • A square is a quadrilateral

the • All four sides are congruent

properties of • A square has four right angles

a square? • Diagonals bisect each other

45° 45° • Diagonals are perpendicular
45° 45°
• Diagonals bisect vertices
• Diagonals are congruent
45°
45°
45°
45°
• Consecutive angles are
supplementary
 Proof:
Theorem 1 Statements Reasons
In a square, each diagonal forms two ≅
1. ROSE is a square Given
isosceles right triangles
R O
2. 𝑅𝑂 ≅ 𝑂𝑆 ≅ 𝑆𝐸 ≅ 𝐸𝑅 All sides are congruent

3. 𝑅𝑆 ≅ 𝑆𝑅 Reflexive Property

4. ∆𝑅𝐸𝑆 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑂𝑅 SSS Postulate

E S 5. Definition of isosceles triangles

∆𝑅𝐸𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑆𝑂𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 triangles
Given: ROSE is a square
6. ∠𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑂 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 Definition of square
Prove:∆𝑅𝐸𝑆 ≅ ∆𝑆𝑂𝑅
∆𝑅𝐸𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑆𝑂𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡
𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 7. Definition of isosceles triangles
∆𝑅𝐸𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑆𝑂𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 triangles
 Statements Reasons

Theorem 6
1. BEST is a square Given
Properties of a square (Opposite sides
2. 𝐵𝑇 ≅ 𝐸𝑆
are parallel and congruent)
The diagonals of a square are Properties of a square (All angles are
3. ∠𝐸𝐵𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐵𝐸𝑆
congruent and perpendicular right angles)
B E 4. 𝐵𝐸 ≅ 𝐸𝐵 Reflexive Property
5. ∆𝐸𝐵𝑇 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐸𝑆 SAS Congruence Postulate
6. 𝐵𝑆 ≅ 𝐸𝑇 CPCTC
Y Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each
7. 𝑌𝐸 ≅ 𝑌𝑇 other
Properties of a square (All sides are
8. 𝐵𝐸 ≅ 𝐵𝑇
congruent)
9. 𝐵𝑌 ≅ 𝐵𝑌 Reflexive Property

T S 10. ∆𝐵𝑌𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐵𝑌𝑇 SSS Congruence Postulate

Given: BEST is a square 11. ∠𝐵𝑌𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐵𝑌𝑇 CPCTC

12. ∠𝐵𝑌𝐸 + ∠𝐵𝑌𝑇 = 180° Definition of Linear Pair
Prove: B𝑆 ≅ 𝐸𝑇
13. 2∠𝐵𝑌𝐸 = 90° Addition Property of Equality
𝐵𝑆 ⊥ 𝐸𝑇
14. ∠𝐵𝑌𝐸 = 90° Division Property of Equality
15. 𝐵𝑌 ⊥ 𝐸𝑇 ; 𝐵𝑆 ⊥ 𝐸𝑇 Definition of perpendicular