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Wave-WPS Office

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy without moving matter, and can be mechanical, electromagnetic, or matter waves. Key properties include wavelength, frequency, amplitude, speed, and period, with the wave equation relating speed to frequency and wavelength. Sound is a mechanical wave caused by vibrations in a medium, while the electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation.

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Wave-WPS Office

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy without moving matter, and can be mechanical, electromagnetic, or matter waves. Key properties include wavelength, frequency, amplitude, speed, and period, with the wave equation relating speed to frequency and wavelength. Sound is a mechanical wave caused by vibrations in a medium, while the electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation.

Uploaded by

mazharshah28sb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wave:

A wave is a disturbance or oscillation that transfers energy from one point to another without the
transport of matter. Waves can move through a medium (such as air, water, or a solid) or, in the case of
electromagnetic waves, through a vacuum.

Types of Waves:

1. Mechanical Waves: Require a medium to travel through (e.g., sound waves, water waves).

Transverse Waves: The disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., water
waves, light waves).

Longitudinal Waves: The disturbance is parallel to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., sound
waves).

Surface Waves: Combination of transverse and longitudinal waves occurring at the interface of two
mediums (e.g., ocean waves).

2. Electromagnetic Waves: Do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum (e.g., light, radio
waves, X-rays).

3. Matter Waves: Associated with particles of matter due to quantum mechanics (e.g., electron waves).

Key Properties of Waves:

Wavelength (): Distance between two successive crests or troughs.

Frequency (): Number of wave cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz).

Amplitude: Maximum displacement from the rest position, related to the wave's energy.

Speed (): How fast the wave propagates through a medium, calculated using .

Period (): Time taken for one complete wave cycle, .

Wave Equation:

The wave equation tells us how waves move or spread out over time.

Speed in m/s = frequency in Hz x wavelength in m

For example:

3 waves pass the flag in one second so the frequency is 3 Hz.

Each wave is 2 m long so the wavelength is 2 m

speed = frequency x wavelength


speed = 3 Hz x 2 m = 6 m/s Incidentally, the time period for this example is given by the equation

period = 1/frequency = 1/3 = 1/3 s

Electromagnetic spectrum:

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, which are waves of
energy that travel through space.

Sound:

Sound is a form of energy that travels as a mechanical wave, caused by vibrations in a medium (such as
air, water, or solids). These vibrations create regions of compression and rarefaction, allowing sound to
propagate.

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