Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CSE-111
CSE 111 Introduction to Computer Science
Instructor : Dr. Ahmed Gomaa

Fall, 2024
 GENERAL INFORMATION

CSE 11 Introduction to Computer Science

Level Under-Graduate
Pre-requisites -

Course web-page Blackboard

Schedule Monday 02:15 – 03:45 pm , Office Hours : TBD

Attendance Policy A minimum of 75% attendance is expected.

Instructor contact [email protected]

Grading Scheme Final Exam - 80

Mid Term Exam - 60
Class work - 60
 GENERAL INFORMATION

CSE 11 - Introduction to Computer Science

Course This course presents a general introduction to computing principles and

Overview programming and introduction to the field of computer science. The first half of the
course covers essentials of computers. Topics covered include hardware, software,
operating systems, application software and fields of computer science. The second
half of the course introduces principles of computer programming. Topics covered
include introduction to algorithms and logical thinking, flow charts, and introduction
to computer programming using a high-level language.
Expected Gain a basic understanding of computer hardware, software, operating systems, and
Outcome
application software.
 Develop an understanding of algorithms and logical thinking.
 Learn to create flowcharts to represent problem-solving processes.
 Gain introductory experience in computer programming using a high-level programming
language.
 Break down problems into manageable parts and design solutions using algorithms.
 Build a foundation for further studies in computer science and related fields.
 GENERAL INFORMATION

CSE 11 - Introduction to Computer Science

Recommended 1. Daniel A. O'Leary, Timothy J. O'Leary, “Computing Essentials 2021”, 28th Edition, O'Leary,
References McGraw-Hill Education, 2020.
2. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 13th Edition.

Disclaimer Slides throughout the course are based on the textbooks above and some slides will be
modified from the slides made available by the above mentioned textbook publishers &
authors.
A computer is an electronic machine, operating according to
instructions stored in its memory that can accept data as input,
process it, produce information as output, and store the results.
Basically, a computer transforms data into information.
Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include numbers, text, figure, video,
and audio.
Information refers to data that has been processed, organized, or
structured in a meaningful way to convey knowledge, facts, or
insights to someone who can interpret it. It represents a valuable
and often actionable resource that helps individuals or
organizations make informed decisions, solve problems,
communicate, or gain a deeper understanding of a subject.
Information Technology (IT):
Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computer systems, software,
networks, and other technology resources to store, process, transmit, secure,
and manage digital data and information.
Information Technology Components

Hardware Software Data People Networks

Emerging Technologies Procedures and Policies Cybersecurity

Information Technology (IT):
Hardware: physical devices and equipment used to process and store data. Common IT
hardware components include:
 Computers: Personal computers, laptops, servers, and mainframes.
 Storage Devices: Hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), external drives, and storage area
networks (SANs).
 Networking Equipment: Routers, switches, modems, and access points.
 Peripheral Devices: Printers, scanners, keyboards, mice, and monitors.
 Servers: Specialized computers designed to serve and manage network resources, applications, and data.
Information Technology (IT):
Software: refers to the programs and applications that run on hardware, enabling users to
perform various tasks. Categories of software include:
 Operating Systems: System software that manages hardware resources and
provides a platform for other software.
 Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks or functions
(e.g., word processing, spreadsheets, graphic design, and database
management).
 Programming Languages: Tools for creating software and applications.
 Utilities: Software for maintenance, security, and system optimization.
Information Technology (IT):
Networking: Networking components and technologies enable
the exchange of data and information between devices. Key
elements include:
 Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a limited
geographical area, such as an office or home.
 Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that spans larger geographical distances,
often connecting LANs across cities or countries.
 Routers and Switches: Devices that direct and manage data traffic on networks.
 Protocols: Rules and standards governing data transmission and communication (e.g.,
TCP/IP).
Information Technology (IT):
Data Storage and Management: These components deal with the storage, retrieval, and
organization of data, which is crucial for IT systems:

 Databases: Software and systems for structured data storage and

management.

 Data Centers: Facilities housing servers, storage devices, and

networking equipment for large-scale data management.

 Cloud Computing: On-demand access to computing resources and

storage over the internet.

Information Technology (IT):
Cybersecurity: IT security components protect systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access,
breaches, and cyber threats. Key aspects include:
1. Firewalls: Security devices that monitor and filter network traffic.
2. Antivirus Software: Tools that detect and remove malware.
3. Encryption: Methods for securing data through encryption algorithms.
Information Technology (IT):
Human Resources: Skilled IT professionals who design, manage, and support IT infrastructure and applications
are essential components of the IT ecosystem.
Procedures and Policies: Established guidelines, procedures, and best practices for IT governance, compliance,
and management within organizations.
Emerging Technologies: Ongoing advancements in IT, such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of
Things (IoT), and blockchain, continue to shape and expand the IT landscape.

Human Procedures and the Internet of Things (IoT)

The History of the Computer
 Abacus was the first mechanical devices that somewhat can be called a limited
function computers appeared in more than 2500 BC.
 The abacus is one of the oldest known calculating tools, with origins dating
back thousands of years to ancient civilizations, including the Chinese, Greeks,
Romans, and Egyptians.
 There are different types of abaci, such as the Chinese abacus (suanpan),
Japanese abacus (soroban), and Roman abacus. Each has its own design and set
of rules for calculations.
The History of the Computer

Use of mechanical technology to

do calculations suggest the use of
binary number system rather than
the decimal number system in
1936, Alan Turing developed the
Turing machine.
The History of the Computer Generations
The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
The first computer generation appeared in 1946-1958. It is the era of vacuum tubes.
The computers of this era wer:
 huge,
 very expensive,
 slow and,
 had limited application capabilities.
The first computer that had vacuum tubes was constructed in 1946 by J. P. Eckert and
J. Mauchly.
Their machine was called ENIAC (Electronc Numerical Integrator and Computer).
ENIAC had thousands of vacuum tubes.
The History of the Computer Generations

The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes

 First generation computers relied on machine
language, the lowest-level programming language
understood by computers, to perform operations, and
they could only solve one problem at a time.
 Input was based on punched cards and paper tape,
and output was displayed on printouts
The History of the Computer Generations
The Second Generation: Transistors
 The second generation of computers lasted from 1959-1964.
 The vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors.
 One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.
 Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper and more
efficient and reliable than the first generation.
 Computers moved from binary machine language to symbolic, or
assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions
in words.
 Relies on punched cards for input and printouts for output.
 The first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which
moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.
 The first versions of COBOL and FORTRAN appeared.
The History of the Computer Generations
The Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (IC)
 The third generation lasted from 1964 to 1971.
 The appearance of integrated circuits (ICs) allowed to
place reduced transistors on silicon chips.
 ICs allowed computers to increase speed and to become
more efficient.
 Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second
generation computers
 Computers had first operating systems that allowed to run
multiple applications on the computer.
 The keyboards and monitors appeared instead of punched
cards.
 Computer become much smaller and more cheaper.
The History of the Computer Generations
The Fourth Generation: Microprocessors
 The appearance of microprocessor allowed the
fourth generation of computers to appear.
 The fourth generation computers take one step
further and LSI and VLSI.

 The fourth generation was started by Intel 4004 chip

that was developed in 1971. In 1981, IBM
introduced the first computer that was dedicated to
home user. Three years later Apple introduced
Macintosh.

 In the fourth generation the development of

computer networks began, and this lead to invention
Parts of an Information System
People

Procedures

Software

Hardware

Data

The Internet
Elements of an Information System

The way to think about a microcomputer is to realize that it is one

part of an information system. There are several parts of an
information system
Elements of an Information System

Hardware is any part of the computer you can touch. Input

and output devices, and the system case are all examples of
hardware. It is controlled by software and processes data to
create information.
 Software is a set of instructions to control the computer to
convert data into information
Elements of an Information System

 Data consist of individual facts including text, numbers, images, and

sound. Information is data that has been processed by the
computer.
 People are an essential part of the system. The purpose of
information systems is to make people, or end users, more
productive.
 Procedures are instructions or rules to follow when using hardware,
software, and data. They are usually documented in manuals
written by computer professionals.
Computer importance

 In education, students use computer to assist with learning.

 In communication, E-mail allows people to communicate with one another.

 In health care, computers are used to offer better precision during

operations, and help with medical tests.

 Entertainment, playing video games with an and storing music, videos, and

movies.
Classification of Computers by Size
Supercomputers
Supercomputers are possibly the most powerful in terms of accuracy and
speed.
Supercomputers are used for scientific applications such as weather
forecasting, climate research and simulations.

Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers are large-sized, powerful multi-user computers
that can support simultaneous programs.
Mainframe used in organizations such as airlines and banks, where
many people frequently need to use the same data.
Classification of Computers by Size
Minicomputers
Minicomputers are general purpose computers and mid-
sized multi-processing computers.
Organizations may use a mini-computer for such tasks as
maintaining a small database of information about
registrations.
Microcomputers
Microcomputers are the smallest and least expensive
computers.
Personal Computers (PC) are the most popular type of
computer in use today.
Types of personal computers include

Desktop Computers
They are larger and more powerful than mobile computers. Desktop
computers are made up of some components namely:

The system unit contains important parts like motherboard, processor,

memory, disk drive, ports, and cards.
The monitor
A keyboard
A mouse
Types of personal computers include
Mobile Computers
Most users have selected laptops and tablets to using them on
the go. Mobile computers take benefit of online cloud storage.

The most common types of mobile computers include:

Laptop computers
Tablets
Smartphones
Personal Digital Assistants
Computer components

Computers are made up of two parts: the hardware and the

software.

Hardware: The physical Computer Hardware is the physical

parts of a computer and related devices.

Software: The computerized instructions that operate a

computer, manipulate the data and execute particular functions
or tasks.
There are two types of software: System software
and application software.
System software consists of the programs that control the tasks of a
computer and computer equipment.

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer

hardware and software resources and provides common services for
computer programs.

Common desktop operating systems contain Windows, Linux and Mac

OS X. However, Common mobile operating systems used in tablets and
smartphones include Google’s Android, Apple’s iOS OS and
BlackBerry.
There are two types of software: System software
and application software.

Application Software consists of programs that perform specific tasks for

users.

Common application software includes Web browsers, word processing

software, spreadsheet software, database software, and presentation
graphics software.
Questions?
Thank You