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Mathematics 4
Unit 1: Whole Numbers and Operations
Learning Check 1.1
1. Place commas in the following numbers.
a) 523216 Answer: 523,216 b) 597630 Answer: 597,630
c) 241344 Answer: 241,344 d) 624012 Answer: 624,012
e) 213609 Answer: 213,609 f) 768743 Answer: 768,743
g) 221451 Answer: 221,451 h) 230005 Answer: 230,005
i) 103345 Answer: 103,345 j) 613458 Answer: 613,458
k) 789777 Answer: 789,777 l) 368945 Answer: 368,945
2. Write the value of each underlined digit in these numbers.
a) 845,132 Answer: The digit 5 is in the thousands place.
So, its value is: 5 ´ 1000 = 5000
b) 945,456 Answer: The digit 6 is in the ones place.
So, its value is: 6 ´ 1 = 6
c) 143,345 Answer: The digit 4 is in ten thousands place.
So, its value is: 4 ´ 10,000 = 40,000
d) 986,456 Answer: The digit 9 is in the hundreds thousands place.
So, its value is: 9 ´ 100,000 = 900,000
e) 944,763 Answer: The digit 4 is in ten thousands place.
So, its value is: 4 ´ 10,000 = 40,000
f) 706,661 Answer: The digit 6 is in the hundreds place.
So, its value is: 6 ´ 100 = 600
3. Read these numbers and write them in words.
a) 456,343 Answer: Four hundred and fifty six thousand, three hundred
and forty-three.
b) 275,234 Answer: Two hundred and seventy five thousand, two hundred
and thirty-four.
c) 324,786 Answer: Three hundred and twenty four thousand,
seven hundred and eighty-six
d) 874,421 Answer: Eight hundred and seventy four thousand,
four hundred and twenty-one.

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 e) 245,678 Answer: Two hundred and forty-five thousand, six hundred
and seventy-eight.
f) 900,111 Answer: Nine hundred thousand, one hundred and eleven.
4. Write these numbers in figures.
a) Three hundred and twenty-six thousand, nine hundred and one.
Answer: 326,901
b) Nine hundred thousand, two hundred and five.
Answer: 900,205
c) Seven hundred and thirty-three thousand and thirty-two.
Answer: 733,032
d) Three hundred and sixty-one thousand, four hundred and two.
Answer: 361,402
e) Eight hundred and five thousand, one hundred and nine.
Answer: 805,109
5. Write the following in expanded form.
a) 324,345 Answer: 300,000 + 20,000 + 4,000 + 300 + 40 + 5
b) 567,008 Answer: 500,000 + 60,000 + 7,000 + 000 + 00 + 8
c) 144,089 Answer: 100,000 + 40,000 + 4,000 + 000 + 80 + 9
d) 460,692 Answer: 400,000 + 60,000 + 0,000 + 600 + 90 + 2
e) 951,205 Answer: 900,000 + 50,000 + 1,000 + 200 + 00 + 5

Learning Check 1.2

1. Compare these numbers by using the symbols <, > or =.
a) 99,453 87, 211

Answer: Compare the digits in the ten-thousands place. As 9 is

greater than 8, (i.e. 9 > 8) so, 99,453 > 87,211.
b) 52,556 42,889
Answer: Compare the digits in the ten-thousands place. As 5 is
greater than 4, (i.e. 5 > 4) so, 52,556 > 42,889.
c) 45,111 54,311
Answer: Compare the digits in the ten-thousands place. As 4 is
smaller than 5, (i.e. 4 < 5) so, 45,111 < 54,311.

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 d) 64,154 64,154
Answer: As the digits in every place are same so 64,154 is equal
to 64,154, (i.e. 64,154 = 64,154).
e) 32,567 32,900
Answer: As the digits in the thousands and ten thousands place are
same. So, we will compare the digits in the hundreds place.
As 5 is smaller than 9 (i.e. 5 < 9), so 32,567 < 32,900.
f) 34,658 34,688
Answer: As the digits in the ten thousands, thousands and hundreds
place are same. So, we will compare the digits in the tens
place. As 5 is smaller than 8 (i.e. 5 < 8), so 35,658 < 34,688.
2. Arrange these numbers in ascending order.
a) 24,938 19,318 16,287
Answer: Compare the digits in the hundred thousands place. The digit
2 is greater than 1 (i.e. 2 > 1), so 24,938 is the greatest
number. In the remaining numbers, the digits in the hundred
thousands place are same. So, we will compare the digits in the
thousands place. The digit 9 is greater than 6 (i.e. 9 > 6)
so, 16,287 is the smallest number. To arrange the numbers in
ascending order, we write them from smallest to the greatest.
So, 16,287, 19,318, 24,938.
b) 93,181 8218 83,848 93,118
Answer: Compare the digits in the ten thousands place. As 8218 has no
digit in the ten thousands place, so it is the smallest number. In
remaining numbers 9 is greater than 8 (i.e. 9 < 8) so 83,848 is the
smallest among these three numbers.
Now, in 93,181 and 93118 as the digits in the ten thousands,
thousands and hundreds place are same, so we compare the digits
in the tens place. As 8 is greater than 1 (i.e. 8 < 1). So 93,181 is
the greatest number. Therefore, in ascending order we will write
them as:
8218, 83,848, 93,118, 93,181

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 c) 44,180, 28,905, 59,521, 46,998, 8719
Answer: Compare the digits in the ten thousands place. As 8719 has no
digits in the ten thousands place, so it is the smallest number. In
the remaining numbers, the digit 5 is greater than 2 and 4, so
59,521 is the greatest number. Also the digit 2 is smaller than 5 and
4, so 28,905 is the smallest number. Now, in 44,180 and 46,998,
the digits at ten thousands place are same. So, we will compare
the digits in the thousands place. As 4 is smaller than 6 (i.e. 4 < 6)
so 44,180 is smallest number:
8719, 28905, 44180, 46,998, 59,521

d) 37,864, 37,318, 37,808, 37, 880

Answer: The digits at ten thousands and thousands place are same.
Comparing the digits at the hundreds place 3 is smaller than 8
(i.e. 3 < 8), so 37,318 is the smallest number. In remaining numbers,
as the digits at hundreds place are same, so we will compare the
digits at tens place. As 0 is smaller than 6 and 8, so 37808 is the
smallest number among these three numbers. As 8 is greater than
6 and 0 (i.e. 8 < 6 and 8 < 0) so 37,880 is the greatest number. In
ascending order, we start from the smallest number:
37,318 37,808 37,864 37,880

3. Arrange these numbers in descending order.

a) 93,951 87,035 82,223
Answer: Compare the digits in ten thousands place. As 9 is greater than 8
(i.e. 9 < 8) so 93,951 is the greater number. In remaining numbers,
the digits in the ten thousand place are same. So we compare the
digits in the thousands place. As 7 is greater than 2 (i.e. 7 < 2), so
82,223 is the smallest number. To arrange the numbers in
descending order, we write them from the greatest to the smallest
number:
93,951 87,035 82,223

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b) 47,138 46,198 48,168 49,861
Answer: As digits in the ten thousands place are same. So we compare the
digits in the thousands place. As 9 is greater than 6, 7 and 8.
(i.e. 9 < 8, 9 <7 and 9 < 6) so 49,861 is greatest number. Also, as 6
is smaller than 7 and 8 (i.e 6 < 7 and 6 < 8) so 46,498 is the
smallest number. In remaining numbers, as 7 is smaller than 8
(i.e. 7 < 8), so 47,138 is smaller than 48,168. In descending order,
we will write them as:
49,861 48,168 47,138 46,198

c) 80,183, 8842, 79,810, 69,018, 96,183

Answer: Compare the digits in the ten thousands place. 8842 has no digit in
the ten thousands place. So it is the smallest number. In the
remaining numbers 9 is greater than 6, 7 and 8. So 96,183 is the
greatest number. In the remaining numbers, as 8 is greater than 7
and 6 (i.e. 8 < 7 and 8 < 6), so 80,183 is the second greatest number.
In the remaining numbers, as 7 is greater than 6 so 79,810 is
greater than 69,018. In descending order, we write the numbers
from the greatest to the smallest. So, 96,183, 80,183, 79,810,
69,018, 8842.

d) 31,308 3083 38,180 32,038

Answer: The number 3083 has no digit in the ten thousands place, so it is
the smallest number. In remaining numbers, the digits at ten
thousands place are same, so we compare the digits at thousands
place. As 8 is greater than 2 and 1 (i.e. 8 < 2 and 8 < 1) so 38,180
is the greatest number. As 1 is smaller than 8 and 2 (i.e 1 < 2 and
1 < 8 ), so 31,308 is the smaller of these three numbers. So, in
descending order we write these four numbers as:
38,180 32,038 31,308 3083

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 Learning Check 4.6
1. Draw an arrow to match each number to its nearest 10.
a)
800 e)
74
769
70
b)
7413 7130
f)
7500 799
c)
788
770
g)
d) 7410 7504
7129
790

2. Look at the numbers in the apples. Round off these to the nearest 100
and then fill in the boxes.

612 660 243 209 599 142

a) Which numbers round to 200? Answer: 243 and 209
b) Which numbers round to 600? Answer: 612 and 599

3. Write 8 numbers that round to 7000 (when rounded off to the nearest
1000). One digit of each number is written for you.

a) 7025 b) 6889 c) 7298 d) 6750 e) 6934

f) 6860 g) 7149 h) 6659

Unit Check 1.1

1. Encircle the correct options.
a) (iii) 999,999 b) (iv) 100,000 c) (i) left to right
d) (ii) 36,009 e) (iii) 60,000

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2. Place commas in the following numbers.
a) 674352 Answer: 674,352 b) 753648 Answer: 753,648
c) 523741 Answer: 523,741 d) 152376 Answer: 152,376
3. Write the place value of the coloured digit in each of these numbers:
a) 582,462
Answer:
The digit 2 is at ones place. So, its place value is "Ones".
b) 44,963
Answer:
The digit 9 is at hundreds place. So, its place value is "hundreds".
c) 199,248
Answer:
The digit 1 is at hundred thousands place. So, its place value is
"hundred thousands".
d) 464,681
Answer:
The digit 6 is at ten thousands place. So, its place value is "ten thousands".
4. Read these numbers and write them in words.
a) 934,178
Answer:
Nine hundred and thirty four thousand, one hundred and seventy eight.
b) 475,375
Answer:
Four hundred and seventy five thousand, three hundred and seventy five.
c) 187,434
Answer:
One hundred and eighty seven thousand, four hundred and thirty four.
d) 901,815
Answer:
Nine hundred and one thousand, eight hundred and fifteen.
5. Write these numbers in figures.
a) Four thousand and seventy-two thousand, two hundred and seven.
Answer: 472,207

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 b) Three hundred and one thousand, five hundred and nine.
Answer: 301,509

c) Eight hundred thousand, six hundred and six.

Answer: 800,606

d) Two hundred and fifty-two thousand, seven hundred and four.

Answer: 252,704
6. Compare these numbers using the correct symbol , or = .
(a) 85389 30788
Answer:
Compare the digits in the ten thousands place. As 8 is greater than 3
(i.e. 8 > 3) So, 85389 30788

(b) 70340 70349

Answer:
As the digits in the ten thousands, thousands and tens place are same,
So we compare the digits in the ones place. As 0 is smaller than 9, So,
70340 70349

(c) 64964 60302

Answer:
As the digits in the ten thousands, place are same, so we compare the digits
in the thousands place. As 4 is greater than, 0, So,
64964 60302
7. Arrange these numbers in ascending order.
a) 98,234 99,474 99,108
Answer:
As digits in the ten thousands place are same, so we compare the digits in
the thousands place. As 8 is smaller than 9, so 98,234 is the smallest
number. In the remaining numbers, the digits in the thousands place are
same, so we compare the digits in the hundreds place.
As 4 is greater than 1 (i.e. 4 > 1) so, 99,474 is greater than 99,108
(i.e. 99,474 > 99,108). In descending order we will write them as.
98,234 99,108 99,474

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 b) 67,279 62,605, 66,126
Answer:
As digits in the ten thousands place are same, so we compare the digits
in the thousands place. As 7 is greater than 2 and 6, (i.e 7 > 2 and 7 > 6)
so 67,279 is the greatest number.
As 2 is smaller than 7 and 6 (2 < 7 and 2 < 6) so 62,605 is the smallest
number. In ascending order 62,605 66,126 67,279
8. Arrange these numbers in descending order.
a) 28,672 29,109 17,258
Answer:
Compare the digits in the ten thousands place. As 1 is smaller than 2
(i.e 1 < 2) so, 17,258 is the smallest number. As digits in the ten thousands
place of the remaining numbers are same, so we compare the digits in the
thousands place. As 8 is smaller than 9 (i.e. 8 < 9) so 29,672 is smaller than
29,109. In descending order, we write them from greatest to smallest number.
29,109 28,672 17,258
b) 56,690 24,588 33,890
Answer:
Compare the digits in the ten thousands place. As 5 is greater than 2 and 3
(i.e. 5 > 2 and 5 > 3) so 56,690 is the greater number. As 3 is greater than 2
(i.e. 3 > 2) so 33,890 is greater than 24,588. In descending order.
56,690 33,890 24,588

9. Round off the following to the nearest whole number.

a) 5.92 b) 9.01
answer: answer:
5.92 9.01
=6 =9

c) 4.57
answer:
4.57
=5

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 Unit 1: Addition and Subtraction
Learning Check 1.4
1. Add the following.
a) T. Th Th H T O b) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1 1
6 9 3 8 4 3 7 4 2 3
+ 6 5 9 6 + 4 0 4 7
7 5 9 8 0 4 1 4 7 0

c) T. Th Th H T O d) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1
1 0 8 6 5 7 0 9 7 1
+ 3 3 5 4 +1 7 8 9 2
1 4 2 1 9 8 8 8 6 3

e) T. Th Th H T O f) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1
5 8 3 8 7 1 4 7 4 7
+1 9 3 9 2 +2 0 5 8 0
7 7 7 7 9 3 5 3 2 7

g) T. Th Th H T O h) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 6 4 4 4 2 7 5 9 3
+5 7 7 6 8 +6 0 0 6 7
8 4 2 1 2 8 7 6 6 0

i) T. Th Th H T O j) T. Th Th H T O
1 1
3 3 2 1 6 1 5 9 5 8
+3 1 4 8 3 +3 9 6 0 1
6 4 6 9 9 5 5 5 5 9

k) T. Th Th H T O l) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 8 9 9 8 2 0 6 4 8
+1 3 7 5 4 +1 1 9 6 3
3 2 7 5 2 3 2 6 1 1

10

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m) T. Th Th H T O n) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1
2 1 3 5 9 2 1 7 3 8
+3 0 4 7 8 +3 0 9 0 2
5 1 8 3 7 5 2 6 4 0

m) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1
5 6 5 8 0
+2 3 8 5 5
8 0 4 3 5

2. Solve the following.

a) 18958 + 53108
solution: to add,
First we write the numbers vertically.
T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1
1 8 9 5 8
+5 3 1 0 8
7 2 0 6 6

b) 34886 + 20187
solution:
To add, first we write these numbers vertically
T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1
3 4 8 8 6
+2 0 1 8 7
5 5 0 7 3

c) 24181 + 40548
solution:
T. Th Th H T O
1
2 4 1 8 1
+4 0 5 4 8
6 4 7 2 9

11

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 d) 27381 + 67484
solution:
T. Th Th H T O
1 1
2 7 3 8 1
+6 7 4 8 4
9 4 8 6 5

e) 34756 + 21741
solution:
T. Th Th H T O
1
3 4 7 5 6
+2 1 7 4 1
5 6 4 9 7

f) 76554 + 18976
solution:
T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1
7 6 5 5 4
+1 8 9 7 6
9 5 5 3 0

3. Mr Adnan donated Rs 17,565 for needy people and Rs 22,755 to the

Eidhi center. How much did he donate altogether?
Solution:
1 1 1 1

Mr. Adnan donated for needy people = Rs 17,565

He donated to Eidhi center = + Rs 22,755
He donated altogether = Rs 40,320

So, Mr Adnan donated Rs 40,320 altogether.

12

KPK_KB_NSS_math
4. Dania bought a laptop for Rs. 48,765 from her savings. Now, she is left
with Rs. 50,578. What was her saving before buying the laptop?

Solution:
1 1 1

Dania bought a laptop for = Rs. 48,765

Her savings after buying a laptop = + Rs. 50,578
Her savings before buying the laptop = Rs. 99,343

So Dania's savings before buying the laptop were Rs. 99,343.

5. A factory produces 17,250 carry-on bags and 40,450 handbags in a

year. Find the total number of bags produced?

Solution:
1

Carry-on bags produced = 17,250

Hand bags produced = + 40,450
Total number of bags produced = 57,700

So the total number of bags produced is 57,700.

6. On Saturday, 42,562 people offered prayers in Badshahi Mosque. The

next day, 65,899 people offered prayers. How many people offered
prayers on both days altogether?

Solution:
1 1 1

No. of people who offered prayers on saturday = 42,562

No. of people who offered prayers on next day = + 65,899
No. of people who offered prayers on both days altogether = 108,461

So the number of people who offered prayers on both days altogether

in Badshahi Mosque is 108,461.

13

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 Learning Check 1.5
1. Subtract the following.
a) T. Th Th H T O b) T. Th Th H T O
3 1 5 1
7 9 9 5 7 7 4 2 6 1
2 6 3 1 3 5 1 8
7 7 3 2 6 7 0 7 4 3

c) T. Th Th H T O d) T. Th Th H T O
3 1 0 1 1
8 8 4 5 4 5 1 2 2 8
6 4 1 8 1 4 0 5 6 1
2 4 2 7 3 1 0 6 6 7

e) T. Th Th H T O f) T. Th Th H T O
7 1 8 1 1
4 5 8 7 4 7 9 9 0 3
1 5 4 8 2 2 2 5 9 4
3 0 3 9 2 5 7 3 0 9

g) T. Th Th H T O h) T. Th Th H T O
8 1 1 7 1 1 1 1
9 9 7 3 6 8 3 1 3 4
5 7 7 7 3 7 6 4 8 5
4 1 9 6 3 0 6 6 4 9

i) T. Th Th H T O j) T. Th Th H T O
3 1 4 1 8 1
3 6 4 2 3 5 3 9 1 8
1 2 3 3 9 3 5 4 9 8
2 4 0 8 4 1 8 4 2 0

k) T. Th Th H T O l) T. Th Th H T O
6 1 7 1
7 2 0 8 8 2 5 4 9 5
1 5 7 4 9 1 2 2 3 1
5 6 3 3 9 1 3 2 6 4

14

KPK_KB_NSS_math
m) T. Th Th H T O n) T. Th Th H T O
7 1 1 1
1 8 0 2 0 8 7 9 8 6
1 1 2 2 2 5 0 8 4 3
0 6 7 9 8 3 7 1 4 3

As 3 is smaller than 4, so we need to

o) T. Th Th H T O
borrow. First we borrow one hundred
0 1 4 1
6 1 4 5 0 as 10 tens. Then we borrow one ten
5 0 8 4 3 as 10 ones. Add them in 3 ones and
1 0 6 0 7 subtract 4 ones from 13 ones.

2. Solve the following.

a) 62189 - 48649
Solution: To subtract, b) 92624 - 91690
First we write them vertically Solution:
T. Th Th H T O T. Th Th H T O
5 1 1 1 1 1
6 2 1 8 9 9 2 6 2 4
4 8 6 4 9 9 1 6 9 0
1 3 5 4 0 0 0 9 3 4

c) 73646 - 38591 d) 79664 - 53976

First we write them vertically Solution:
T. Th Th H T O T. Th Th H T O
6 1 5 1 8 1 1 1
7 3 6 4 6 7 9 6 6 4
3 8 5 9 1 5 3 9 7 6
3 5 0 5 5 2 5 6 8 8

e) 84686 - 46837 f) 93564 - 83706

First we write them vertically Solution:
T. Th Th H T O T. Th Th H T O
7 1 1 7 1 8 1 1 5 1
8 4 6 8 6 9 3 5 6 4
4 6 8 3 7 8 3 7 0 6
3 7 8 4 9 0 9 8 5 8

15

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 3. Madeeha had Rs 77,500 in her bank account. She withdrew Rs 41,585
from it. Find the amount left in her account.
Solution:
6 1 9 1

Madeeha had in her book account = Rs 77,500

She withdrew from her account = Rs 41,585
Amount left in her account = Rs 35,915

So Madeeha had Rs. 35,915 left in her account.

4. A factory manufactured 84,780 USB drives in 6 months. If 39,876 USB

drives were manufactured in the first three months, how many USB
drives were manufactured in the last three months?
Solution:
7 3 1 7 1
USB drives manufactured in 6 months = 8 4 7 8 0
USB drives manufactured in first three months = 3 9 8 7 6
USB drives manufactured in last three months = 4 4 9 0 4
So 44,904 USB drives were manufactured in the last three months.

5. Out of 66,178 kinds of vertebrates, 21,136 are reptiles and birds. How
many other vertebrates are there besides reptiles and birds?
Solution:
Kinds of vertebrates = 6 6 1 7 8
Number of reptiles and birds = 2 1 1 3 6
Number of other vertebrates = 4 5 0 4 2
So there are 45,042 other vertebrates besides reptiles and birds.

6. 92,356 vehicles crossed a toll plaza during two days. If 42,389 vehicles
crossed it on the first day, how many vehicles crossed the toll plaza
on the second day?
Solution:
8 1 1 1 1
No. of vehicles which crossed toll plaza in two days = 9 2 3 5 6
No. of vehicles which crossed toll plaza on the first day = 4 2 3 8 9
No. of vehicles which crossed toll plaza on the second day = 2 9 9 6 7

16

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 Unit Check 1.2
1. Encircle the correct options.
a) (iii) 54,235 and 66,610 b) (iv) minuend

c) (i) 29,677 d) (ii) 47,771

e) (iii) 89,999
2. Solve the following.
a) T. Th Th H T O b) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 1
7 9 1 2 4 2 0 3 3 3
+ 5 7 9 9 9 +6 0 0 1 4
1 3 7 1 2 3 8 0 3 4 7

c) T. Th Th H T O d) T. Th Th H T O
1 1 1 8 1
5 6 3 9 8 9 0 2 6 5
+3 7 6 4 0 2 1 2 4 2
9 4 0 3 8 6 9 0 2 3

e) T. Th Th H T O f) T. Th Th H T O
7 1 1 6 1
6 8 8 3 3 4 6 7 0 8
1 7 1 6 8 4 4 6 2 3
5 1 6 6 5 0 2 0 8 5

3. Solve these.
a) 34546 + 60541 b) 97654 83976
solution: solution:
T. Th Th H T O T. Th Th H T O
1 6 1 1 1
3 4 5 4 6 9 7 6 5 4
+6 0 5 4 1 8 3 9 7 6
9 5 0 8 7 1 3 6 7 8

c) 74456 65541 d) 53654 + 18976

T. Th Th H T O T. Th Th H T O
6 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 4 4 5 6 5 3 6 5 4
6 5 5 4 1 +1 8 9 7 6
0 8 9 1 5 7 2 6 3 0

17

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 4. The total cost of two vacuum cleaners is Rs 84,456. If one vacuum
cleaner costs Rs 27,560, find:

a) the cost of the other vacuum cleaner.

Solution:
7 1 1 1
Total cost of two vacuum cleaners = Rs 8 4 4 5 6
Cost of one vacuum cleaner = Rs 2 7 5 6 0
Cost of other vacuum cleaner = Rs 5 6 8 9 6

So, the cost of other vacuum cleaner is Rs 56,896.

b) the difference between the cost of the two vacuum cleaners.

Solution:
Cost of one vacuum cleaner = Rs 27,560
Cost of second vacuum cleaner = Rs 56,896
The difference between the costs of two vacuum cleaner = ?
To find the difference between two values, we subtract the smaller value
from the greater value. So,
4 1
Cost of one vacuum cleaner = Rs 5 6 8 9 6
Cost of second vacuum cleaner = Rs 2 7 5 6 0
Difference between costs = Rs 2 9 3 3 6

So, the difference between of cost of two vacuum cleaner is Rs. 29,336.
5. A hardware store had 92,568 steel nails. During the first week, 38,576
nails were sold. In the second week, 45,234 nails were sold. Find:
a) how many nails are left unsold?
Solution:
To find how many nails are left unsold, first we have to find the total number
of nails which are sold in both weeks. So we add them,
1 1 1
Nails sold in first week = 3 8 5 7 6
Nails sold in second week = + 4 5 2 3 4
= 8 3 8 1 0

18

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 So, 83,810 nails were sold altogether in the two weeks. Now, to find the
number of nails unsold, we subtract the number of nails sold altogether
in two weeks from total number of nails. Therefore,
8 1 1
Total number of nails = 9 2 5 6 8
Nails sold in two weeks = 8 3 8 1 0
Number of nails unsold = 0 8 7 5 8
So, number of nails unsold is equal to 8,758.
b) How many less nails were sold during the first week than in the
second week?
To find the difference between the quantity of nails sold in two weeks, we
subtract the lesser quantity from the greater one.
1 1 1
Nails sold during second week = 4 5 2 3 4
Nails sold during 1st week = 3 8 5 7 6
= 0 6 6 5 8
So, 6,658 less nails were sold in the first week than in the second week.
6. The number of people who visited a zoo during February was 75,060
and during June was 22,785. Find:
a) The total number of people who visited the zoo during the two months.
Solution:
1

Number of visitors in February = 7 5 0 6 0

Number of visitors in June = +2 2 7 8 5
Total no. of visitors during two months = 9 7 8 4 5
So, the total no. of people who visited the zoo during two months is equal
to 97,845.
b) How many more people visited in February than in June?
Solution:
To find how many more people visited in February than in June. We have
to find the difference in the number of visitors in both months.
1 1 1 1
Number of visitors in February = 7 5 0 6 0
Number of visitors in June = 2 2 7 8 5
Difference = 5 2 2 7 5
So, 52,275 more people visited in February in June.

19

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 Multiplication and Division
Learning Check 1.5

1. Multiply to find the product of the following.

1 1
5 8 8
First multiply 588 by 2 ones 2
3 1
1 1 7 6
a) 5 8 8
4 2 3
5 8 8
3

1 1 7 6 Then multiply 588 by 4 tens 4 0

2 3 5 2 0 2 3 5 2 0
2 4 6 9 6
1 1 7 6
Then add them + 2 3 5 2 0
2 4 6 9 6

2 2 3 2 2
1 1 5 1 2

b) 6 4 4 c) 7 7 0 d) 5 5 7
5 3 5 8 4 3
1 1 1
1 9 3 2 6 1 6 0 1 6 7 1
+3 2 2 0 0 +3 8 5 0 0 +2 2 2 8 0
3 4 1 3 2 4 4 6 6 0 2 3 9 5 1

1 5 2 2 3 1 1

e) 2 1 6 0 f) 9 2 3 8 7 g) 4 6 3 3
9 9 0 3 3 1 1 1 5
1

0 0 0 0 9 2 3 8 7
1 2
2 3 1 6 5
1
1 9 4 4 0 0 2 7 7 1 6 1 0
1
4 6 3 3 0
1 1
+ 1 9 4 4 0 0 0 + 2 7 7 1 6 1 0 0 + 4 6 3 3 0 0
2 1 3 8 4 0 0 3 0 4 8 7 7 1 0 5 3 2 7 9 5

20

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 1 2 2 4 3
3 4 4 3 3 5 3 5 4

h) 7 4 5 5 i) 1 4 4 8 5 j) 7 8 0 0 6
4 1 8 1 7 6 7
1 1 1 1 1 1
5 9 6 4 0 1 0 1 3 9 5 5 4 6 0 4 2
1
7 4 5 5 0
1 2
+1 4 4 8 5 0 + 4 6 8 0 3 6 0
+2 9 8 2 0 0 0 2 4 6 2 4 5 5 2 2 6 4 0 2
3 1 1 6 1 9 0

1 1 2 2
2 1 4 1 2 1 3 3
1 1 2 1 3 3

k) 6 4 1 6 2 l) 5 3 2 5 5
7 7 3 4 7 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 9 2 4 8 6 3 7 2 7 8 5
1 1
4 4 9 1 3 4 0 3 7 2 7 8 5 0
+4 4 9 1 3 4 0 0 +2 1 3 0 2 0 0 0
4 9 5 9 7 2 2 6 2 5 4 0 2 6 3 5

2. Multiply these.
a) 538 ´ 35 b) 845 ´ 175 c) 74542 ´ 21
1 2 3 3
1 4 2 2 1

5 3 8 8 4 5 7 4 5 4 2
3 5 1 7 5 2 1
1 1
2 6 9 0 4 2 2 5 7 4 5 4 2
1 1

1 6 1 4 0 5 9 1 5 0 1 4 9 0 8 4 0
1 8 8 3 0 8 4 5 0 0 1 5 6 5 3 8 2
1 4 7 8 7 5

d) 96483 ´ 864 e) 95468 ´ 561 f) 38943 ´ 103

5 3 3 2 6 4 2 1 2 2 3 4
2 1 3 1 3 2 4 4 2 2 1

9 6 4 8 3 9 5 4 6 8 3 8 9 4 3
8 6 4 5 6 1 1 0 3
2 2 2 1 1 1
3 8 5 9 3 2 9 5 4 6 8 1 1 6 8 2 9
1 1 1
5 7 8 8 9 8 0 5 7 2 8 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
1 1
7 7 1 8 6 4 0 0 4 7 7 3 4 0 0 0 3 8 9 4 3 0 0
8 3 3 6 1 3 1 2 5 3 5 5 7 5 4 8 4 0 1 1 1 2 9

21

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 3. There are 1024 megabytes in 1 gigabyte. How many megabytes are there
in 475 gigabytes?
1 0 2 4
Solution: 4 7 5
5 1 2 0
Number of megabites in 1 gigabite = 1024
7 1 6 8 0
Number of megabites in 475 gigabytes = 1024 ´ 475 +4 0 9 6 0 0
= 486400 4 8 6 4 0 0
So there are 486,400 megabites in 475 gigabites.

4. There are 166 paper clips in a box. How many paper clips will there be
in 285 such boxes? 1 6 6
Solution: 2 8 5
Number of paper clips in a box = 166 8 3 0
1 3 2 8 0
Number of paper clips in 285 box = 166 ´ 285 +3 3 2 0 0
= 47310 4 7 3 1 0
So there will be 47,310 paper clips in 285 boxes.
5. A motorbike costs Rs 72,000. How much will 132 such motorbikes
cost?
7 2 0 0 0
Solution: 1 3 2
Cost of one motorbike = Rs 72,000 1
1 4 4 0 0 0
Cost of 132 motorbikes = Rs 72,000 ´ 132 2 1 6 0 0 0 0
7 2 0 0 0 0 0
= 9504000
9 5 0 4 0 0 0
So, the cost of 132 motorbikes is Rs 9504000.
6. There are 35,326 oranges in a truck. If 107 such trucks are carrying an
equal number of oranges, how many oranges are there altogether?
Solution: 3 5 , 3 2 6
Number of oranges in a truck = 35,326 1 0 7
Number of trucks = 107 2 4 7 2 8 2
Total number of oranges = 35,326 ´ 107 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 5 3 2 6 0 0
= 3779882
3 7 7 9 8 8 2
So, there are 3779882 oranges in 107 trucks altogether.

22

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 Learning Check 1.7
1. Divide and write the quotient and remainder (if any) of the following.
a) 14 2 5 3 b) 5 946 c) 2 396
Solution: Solution: Solution:
18 189 198
14 2 5 3 5 946 2 396
-14 -5 -2
113 44 19
- 112 -40 -18
1 46 16
- 45 - 16
1 0
Quotient = 18 Quotient = 189 Quotient = 198
Remainder = 1 Remainder = 1 Remainder = 0

d) 19 8 6 1 e) 49 2 7 5 f) 86 6 1 3
Solution: Solution: Solution:
45 5 7
19 8 6 1 49 2 7 5 86 6 1 3
-76 -245 -602
101 30 11
- 95 Quotient = 5 Quotient = 7
6
Remainder = 30 Remainder = 11
Quotient = 45
Remainder = 6

g) 46 9 4 5 1
Solution: Note
205 If we drop down a number, and the
46 9 4 5 1 resulting number is still smaller than
-92 the divisor, then we must write a "O"
251 in the quotient before dropping down
-230 another number from the dividend
21
Quotient = 205
Remainder = 21
23

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 h) 85 3 9 4 i) 50 7 7 5 8 j) 40 9 1 6 7
Solution: Solution: Solution:
4 15 5 22 9
85 3 9 4 50 7 7 5 8 40 9 1 6 7
-340 -50 -80
54 275 116
Quotient = 4 -250 - 80
Remainder = 54 25 8 36 7
- 25 0 - 36 0
8 7
Quotient = 155 Quotient = 229
Remainder = 8 Remainder = 7

k) 94 7 9 2 9 l) 80 9 4 7 3
Solution: Solution:
8 4 118
94 7 9 2 9 80 9 4 7 3
-752 -80
40 9 147
- 37 6 - 80
33 673
- 640
Quotient = 84
33
Remainder = 33 Quotient = 118
Remainder = 33
2. Divide the following.
a) 486 ¸ 54 b) 256 ¸ 32 c) 3225 ¸ 43
Solution: Solution: Solution:
75
9 8
43 3 2 2 5
54 4 8 6 32 2 5 6 -301
-486 -256
215
0 0 -2 1 5
Quotient = 9 Quotient = 8 0
Remainder = 0 Remainder = 0 Quotient = 75
Remainder = 0
24

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 d) 8236 ¸ 13 e) 1456 ¸ 21 f) 234 ¸ 31
Solution: Solution: Solution:
633 69 7
13 8 2 3 6 21 1 4 5 6 31 2 3 4
-78 -126 -217
43 196 17
- 39 - 189
46 7
39
7
Quotient = 633 Quotient = 69 Quotient = 7
Remainder = 7 Remainder = 7 Remainder = 11

3. Marwa is making gift boxes for needy children on Eid. She packed 525
assorted gift items equally in 35 boxes. How many items are there in
each box?
15
Number of assorted gift items = 525 35 5 2 5
Number of boxes = 35 -35
175
Number of items in each box = 525 ¸ 35 -1 7 5
= 15 0

So, there will be 15 items in each box.

4. The storage capacity of 55 external hard drives is 28,160 gigabytes.

What is the capacity of one such external hard drive?

Number of external hard drives = 55 512

Total storage capacity = 28,160 gigabyte 55 2 8 1 6 0
-275
Storage capacity of one hard drive = 28,160 ¸ 55 66
- 55
= 512 gigabyte
110
So, the storage capacity of one such external hard 110
0
drive is 512 gigabyte.

25

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 5. There are 2186 flowers in a flower shop. If 35 flowers are used to make
one bouquet, find:
a) how many bouquets consisting of the same number of flowers can
be made?
62
Number of flowers in flower shop = 2186 35 2 1 8 6
Number of flowers in one bouquet = 35 -210
86
Number of bouquets that made = 2186 ¸ 35 - 70
= 62 r 16 16

So, 62 bouquets will be made consisting of the same number of flowers.

b) how many flowers will be left? 16 Flower will be left
6. 9565 mathematics textbooks were ordered for 23 schools in a city. Find:
a) how many books did each school purchase?

Total no. of books = 9565 4 15

Number of schools in the city = 23 23 9 5 65
-92
Each school purchased = 9565 ¸ 23 3 6
- 2 3
= 415 r 20
135
So, each school purchased 415 books.
115
b) how many books were left unpurchased? 20
20 books were left unpurchased.

Learning Check 1.8

1. A printer costs Rs 12,760 and a scanner costs Rs 8955. Find:
a) the total cost of both items.
Solution:
Cost of printer = Rs 12,760
Cost of scanner = + Rs 8,955
Total cost of both items = Rs 21,715

So, the total cost of both items is Rs 21,715.

26

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 b) how much more the printer costs than the scanner?
Solution:

Cost of printer = Rs 1 2 7 6 0
Cost of scanner = - Rs 8955
Difference = Rs 3805

So, the printer cost Rs 3805 more than the scanner.

2. A baker baked 139 boxes of 46 cookies. If 3414 cookies were sold, find:
a) how many cookies were left?
Solution: 1 3 9
Number of boxes of cookies = 139 ´ 5 6
Number of cookies in each box = 46 8 3 4
Total no of cookies in 139 boxes = 1 3 9 ´ 4 6 + 5 5 6 0
= 6394 6 3 9 4
To find the number of cookies left we have to subtract sold cookies from
total cookies.
Total cookies = 6394
Cookies sold = - 3 4 1 4
Cookies left = 2980

So, 2980 cookies are left.

b) if the remaining cookies were put in 42 jars equally, how many cookies
were there in each jar?
Solution:
Number of remaining cookies = 2980 70
Number of jars = 42 42 2 9 8 0
-2 9 4
Cookies in each jar = 2980 ¸ 42
40
= 70 r 40

So, there will be 70 cookies in each jar and 40 cookies will be left.

27

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 3. There are 9724 Hadith books and 6320 language books in a library. Find:
a) how many books are there in the library?
Solution:
Number of hadith books = 9724
Number of language books = + 6320
Number of books in the library = 16044
So, there are 16044 books in the library.
b) how many more Hadith books are there than the language books?
Solution:
Number of hadith books = 9724
Number of language books = - 6320
Difference = 3404

So, there are 3404 more hadith books than language books.
c) if the total books are to be arranged in 22 racks, how many books will
be in each rack and how many books will be left? 729
Solution: 22 1 6 0 4 4
Total no of books = 16044 -1 5 4
64
Number of racks = 22 - 44
Number of books in each rack = 1 6 0 4 4 ¸ 2 2 204
- 198
Number of books left = 729 r 6 6
So, there will be 729 books in each rack and 6 books will be left.
4. Mr Hassan has Rs 89,565 in his bank account and Rs 34,280 in cash.
Find:
a) how much more money is in his account than the cash he has?
Solution:
Amount of money in bank account = Rs 8 9 5 6 5
Amount of money in cash = - Rs 3 4 2 8 0
Difference in both amounts = Rs 5 5 2 8 5
So, there are Rs 55285 more in Mr Hassan's bank account than the cash
he has.
28

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 b) the total amount of money Mr hassan has.
Solution:
Amount of money in bank account = Rs 89565
Amount of money in cash = + Rs 34280
Total amount of money = Rs. 1 2 3 8 4 5

So, Mr Hassan has Rs 123,845 in total.

Learning Check 1.9

1. Identify the rules for the following patterns and write the next
three terms.
a) 3, 7, 11, 15, ______, ____, _____
Solution:
Rule: add 4
3 7 11 15 19 23 27
+4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4

So, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27

b) 18, 27, 36, 45, ____, ____, ____
Solution:
Rule: add 9
18 27 36 45 54 63 72
+9 +9 +9 +9 +9 +9

c) 110, 99, 88, 77, _____, _____, _____

Solution:
Rule: subtract 11
110 99 88 77 66 55 44
-11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11

So, 110, 99, 88, 77, 66, 55, 44

d) 620, 605, 590, 575 ___, ____, ____
Solution:
Rule: subtract 15
650 605 590 575 560 545 530
-15 -15 -15 -15 -15 -15

So, 650, 605, 590, 575, 560, 545, 530

29

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 e) 30, 26, 22, 18, _____, ___, _____
Solution:
Rule: subtract 4
30 26 22 18 14 10 6
-4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4

So, 30, 26, 22, 18, 14, 10, 6

2. Look at the hundreds chart. Find, highlight and write the rule for at
least 5 patterns of addition and subtraction found in it.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
sub 11 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 sub 9

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
add 9 add 10 add 12

1 2
1 - 100 rule: add 12 , 6 - 96: rule: add 10
3 4
10 - 91 rule: add 9 , 96 - 60: rule: subtract 9
5
97 - 31 : rule: subtract 11

30

KPK_KB_NSS_math
3. Observe the following tables and write the rules for each pattern.

a) Rule: ________

Number (In) Result (Out)

we can see here that if we subtract 30
100 70
from every number, we get the
60 30
corresponding result. So, the rule here
55 25
is: subtract 30
40 10
33 3
Rule: subtract 30

b) Rule: ________

Number (In) Result (Out)

18 22 we can see that if we add 4 to each

30 34 number, we get the corresponding result.
43 47 so, the rule is add 4.
55 59
71 75
Rule: add 4

c) Rule: ________

Number (In) Result (Out)

4 14 we can see that if we add 10 to each

8 18 number, we get the corresponding result.
33 43 so, the rule is: add 10
100 110
650 660
Rule: add 10

31

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 d) Rule: ________

Number (In) Result (Out)

77 70 we can see that if we subtract 7 from

72 65 each number, we get the result. so the
74 67 rule here is: subtract 7
87 80
100 93
Rule: subtract 7

Unit Check 1.3

1. Encircle the correct options.
a) (iv) 43701 (14, 567 ´ 3, as tricycle has 3 wheels)
b) (i) 140 r 5 c) (i) remainder d) (iii) add 4
e) (iv) 189
2. Solve the following.
a b
8 4 0 3 1 2 0 6
´ 5 2 7 ´ 6 7 4
5 8 8 2 1 4 8 2 4
1 6 8 0 6 0 8 4 4 2 0
+4 2 0 1 5 0 0 + 7 2 3 6 0 0
4 4 2 8 3 8 1 8 1 2 8 4 4

c d
4 6 3 5 8 3 0 8 6 3
´ 5 6 5 ´ 6 8 5
2 3 1 7 9 0 1 5 4 3 1 5
2 7 8 1 4 8 0 2 4 6 9 0 4 0
+2 3 1 7 9 0 0 0 +1 8 5 1 7 8 0 0
2 6 1 9 2 2 7 0 2 1 1 4 1 1 5 5

32

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 e f
2 44 3
39 9 5 42 75 2 6 9 quotient = 3
-7 8 -225 remainder = 44
1 7 4 quotient = 244 44
-1 5 6 remainder = 26
182
- 156
26

g h
1 1
63 1 1 7 quotient = 1 93 1 3 9 quotient = 1
- 63 remainder = 54 - 93 remainder = 46
54 46

3. There are 1563 boxes and each box has 132 chocolates. How many
chocolates are there altogether?
Solution: 15 6 3
Number of boxes = 1563 ´ 1 3 2
Chocolates in each box = 132 31 2 6
468 9 0
Number of chocolates altogether = 1 5 6 3 ´ 1 3 2 +1 5 6 3 0 0
= 206316 2063 1 6

So, there are 206,316 chocolates altogether.

4. Sumaira earns Rs 34,550 per month. Find the total money she will earn
in 15 months.
Solution:
Sumaira earns in a month = Rs 3 4 5 5 0 3455 0
´ 1 5
Number of months = 15
17275 0
Sumaira will earn in 15 months = Rs 3 4 5 5 0 ´ 1 5 +34550 0
51825 0
= Rs 5 1 8 2 5 0
So, Sumaira will earn Rs 518,250 in 15 months.

33

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 5. 5550 pencils are to be packed in 43 boxes equally. Find:
a) how many pencils will there be in each box?
Solution:
1 29
Number of pencils = 5550 43 5 5 50
Number of boxes = 43 -4 3
12 5
Number of pencils in each box = 5550 ¸ 43 - 8 6
= 129 r 3 3 90
- 3 87
so, there will be 129 pencils in each box
3
b) how many pencils will be left? Answer: 3 pencils will be left.

6. Fahad has collected 4567 stamps. His sister collected 2245 stamps.
Find:
a) how many more stamps did he collect than his sister?
Solution:
Fahad has collected stamps = 4 5 6 7
His sister collected stamps = 2245
To know how many more stamps he collected than his sister. we have to find
the difference between both. So, we subtract them.
4567
-2 2 4 5
2322
So, Fahad collected 2322 more stamps than his sister.
b) how many stamps are there altogether?

Fahad has stamps = 4567

His sister stamps = + 2245
Stamps altogether = 6812

So, there are 6812 stamps altogether.

34

KPK_KB_NSS_math
7. The price of a washing machine is Rs 9250 and the price of a microwave
oven is Rs 6230. Find the price of 35 washing machines and 18
microwave ovens.
Solution: 925 0
The price of one washing machine = Rs. 9 2 5 0 ´ 3 5
4625 0
The price of 35 washing machines = Rs 9 2 5 0 ´ 3 5
+27750 0
= Rs 3 2 3 7 5 0 32375 0
So, the price of 35 washing machines is Rs 323,750.

8. Identify the rules for the following patterns and write the next three
terms for each.
a) 23, 20, 17, 14, _____, _____, _____.
Solution:
the rule here is: subtract 3
23 20 17 14 11 8 5
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3

so, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11, 8, 5

b) 42, 35, 28, 21, _____, _____, _____.

the rule here is: subtract 7
42 35 28 21 14 7 0
-7 -7 -7 -7 -7 -7

so, 42, 35, 28, 21, 14, 7, 0

c) 28, 36, 44, 52, _____, _____, _____.

the rule here is: add 8
28 36 44 52 60 68 76
+8 +8 +8 +8 +8 +8

so, 28, 36, 44, 52, 60, 68, 76

35

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 9. Look at the hundreds chart. Find, highlight and write the rule for at
least 2 patterns of addition and subtraction each.
Solution: sub 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 add 11
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

1 2
4 - 70 rule: add 11 , 92 - 2: rule: subtract 10

10. Observe the following tables and find the rule for each pattern.
a) Rule: ________ b) Rule: ________

Number (In) Result (Out) Number (In) Result (Out)

15 12 4 16
18 15 7 19
21 18 15 27
33 30 20 32
70 67 72 84
Rule: subtract 3 Rule: add 12
We can see here that if we We can see here that if we add
subtract 3 from each number 12 to each number, we get the
we get the corresponding result. corresponding result.
So, the rule there is subtract 3. So the rule here is, add 12.

36

KPK_KB_NSS_math
 Unit 2: Factors and Multiples
Learning Check 2.1
1. Write five numbers which are divisible by both 2 and 5.
Answer: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
2. Write four 5-digit numbers which are divisible by both 5 and 10.
Answer: 10,000 10,020 12,000 14,440
3. Write five numbers which are divisible by 2, 5 and 10.
Answer: 10, 20, 30, 60, 80
4. Circle the numbers which are divisible by 3.

45 48 81 27 89 65
63 54
23 71 54 76 39

5. Circle the numbers which are divisible by 10.

10 15 67 40 90
39
73 56 60
51 32 20
6. Match the numbers to the correct label.
a) Divisible by 2: 1250, 85454, 65652, 34520, 10086, 84840, 246,
71412, 59210.
b) Divisible by 3: 309, 12123, 65652, 10086, 84840, 246, 71412.

c) Divisible by 5: 1250, 565, 49555, 34520, 84840, 59210.

d) Divisible by 10: 1250, 34520, 84840, 59210.

7. Use the divisibility rules and tick (P) the correct boxes.
Numbers Divisible by 2 Divisible by 3 Divisible by 5 Divisible by 10
a) 345
b) 15430
c) 67653
d) 48905
e) 16545
f) 34770

37
 Learning Check 2.2
1. Circle all the prime numbers.
3 6 10 2 14

11 21 5 22 23

30 53 54 41 60

50 28 52 42 47

46 29

2. Is 11 a prime number? Why or why not?

Answer: 11 is a prime number, because 11 has only two divisors,
1 and 11 itself
3. Is 8 a composite number? Why or why not?
Answer: 8 is a composite number, as it has more than two divisors,
1, 2, 4 and 8 itself.
4. Write all the composite numbers between 7 and 20.
Answer: 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18.
5. Write all the prime numbers between 1 and 20.
Answer: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19.
6. Help the bee to reach the flower by colouring all the prime numbers.
Answer:

11 17 74 63 48 21
66 12 94 79 20 68 49 96
22 99 44 43 92 86 50 40
78 16 56 71 83 29 88 52
77 46 99 18 10 97 90 96
34 20 48 18 77 13 23 30
90 70 80 6 22 8 70 59
81 50 27 39 21 33 69 89
6 39 45 15 24 66 14 92 2

38
 Learning Check 2.3
1. Find all the factors of the following numbers.
a) 18 Answer: Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
b) 45 Answer: Factors of 45 = 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
c) 50 Answer: Factors of 50 = 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50
d) 28 Answer: Factors of 28 = 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28
e) 48 Answer: Factors of 48 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,12, 16, 24, 48
f) 32 Answer: Factors of 32 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
2. Find the first 10 multiples of the following numbers.
a) 3 Answer: First 10 multiples of 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30.
b) 6 Answer: First 10 multiples of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60.
c) 7 Answer: First 10 multiples of 7 = 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70.
d) 8 Answer: First 10 multiples of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80.
e) 9 Answer: First 10 multiples of 9 = 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90.
f) 5 Answer: First 10 multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50.
3. Circle the numbers inside the box which are factors of the number
outside the box.
16 22 48
8, 13, 1, 15, 2, 10, 11, 15, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
4, 48, 2, 32 6, 44, 3, 22 12, 3, 21, 24, 6, 11

4. Fill in the circles with prime numbers and the squares with
composite numbers to get 36 as the product.

6 ´ 6 12 ´ 3

18 ´ 2 36 2 ´ 2 ´ 9

3 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´ 3

39
 Learning Check 2.4

1. Find all the factors of the following numbers.

a) 12
Let's factorize the number 12.
Step I: Divide 12 by its prime factor. 2 12
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 2 6
Prime factorization of 12 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 3 3
So, the prime factors of 12 are 2, 2 and 3. 1
b) 18
Let's factorize the number 18.
2 18
Step I: Divide 18 by its prime factor.
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 3 9
Prime factorization of 18 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 3 3 3
So, the prime factors of 18 are 2, 3 and 3. 1
c) 10
Let's factorize the number 10.
2 10
Step I: Divide 10 by its prime factor.
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 5 5
Prime factorization of 10 = 2 ´ 5 1
So, the prime factors of 10 are 2 and 5.
d) 45
Let's factorize the number 45.
3 45
Step I: Divide 45 by its prime factor.
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 3 15
Prime factorization of 45 = 3 ´ 3 ´ 5 5 5
So, the prime factors of 45 are 3, 3 and 5. 1

e) 36
Let's factorize the number 36. 2 36
Step I: Divide 36 by its prime factor. 2 18
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 3 9
Prime factorization of 36 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 3 3 3
So, the prime factors of 36 are 2, 2, 3 and 3.
1

40
 f) 48 2 48
Let's factorize the number 48. 2 24
Step I: Divide 48 by its prime factor. 2 12
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends.
2 6
Prime factorization of 48 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 3
3 3
So, the prime factors of 48 are 2, 2, 3 and 3.
1
g) 50
Let's factorize the number 50. 2 50
Step I: Divide 50 by its prime factor. 5 25
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 5 5
Prime factorization of 50 = 2 ´ 5 ´ 5 1
So, the prime factors of 50 are 2, 5 and 5.
h) 30
Let's factorize the number 30. 2 30
Step I: Divide 30 by its prime factor. 3 15
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 5 5
Prime factorization of 30 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 5 1
So, the prime factors of 30 are 2, 3 and 5.
2. Fill in the circles and write the prime factors and the prime factorization
of the following numbers.

30 16

3 10 4 4

2 5 2 2 2 2

Prime factorization of 30 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 5 Prime factorization of 16 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2

Prime factors of 30 are: 2, 3, 5 Prime factors of 16 are: 2, 2, 2, 2

50 28

5 10 2 14

2 5 7 2

Prime factorization of 50 = 2 ´ 5 ´ 5 Prime factorization of 28 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 7

Prime factors of 50 are: 2, 5, 5 Prime factors of 28 are: 2, 2, 7

41
 Learning Check 2.5

1. Find the common factors of the following numbers.

a) 6 and 8
Solution:
Factors of 6 = 1 , 2 , 3, 6
Factors of 8 = 1 , 2 , 4, 8
Common factors of 6 and 8 = 1 and 2.
b) 12, 14 and 16
Solution:
Factors of 12 = 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 6, 12
Factors of 14 = 1 , 2 , 7, 14
Factors of 16 = 1 , 2 , 4, 8, 16
Common factors of 12, 14 and 16 = 1 and 2.
c) 15 and 25
Solution:
Factors of 15 = 1 , 3, 5 , 15
Factors of 25 = 1 , 5 , 25
Common factors of 15 and 25 = 1 and 5.
d) 45 and 48
Solution:
Factors of 45 = 1 , 3 , 5, 9, 15, 45
Factors of 48 = 1 , 2, 3 , 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48
Common factors of 45 and 48 = 1 and 3.
e) 16, 14 and 20
Solution:
Factors of 16 = 1 , 2 , 4, 8, 16
Factors of 14 = 1 , 2 , 7, 14
Factors of 20 = 1 , 2 , 4,
Common factors of 16, 14 and 20 = 1 and 2.

42
 f) 56 and 90
Solution:
Factors of 56 = 1 , 2 , 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
Factors of 90 = 1 , 2 , 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, 90
Common factors of 56 and 90 = 1 and 2.
2. Find the first two common multiples of the following numbers.
a) 13, 26
Solution:
Multiples of 13 = 13, 26 , 39, 52 , 62, ...
Multiples of 26 = 26 , 52 , 78, 104, 130, ...
So, the first two common multiples of 13 and 26 are 26 and 52.
b) 16, 32
Solution:
Multiples of 16 = 16, 32 , 48, 64 , 80, ...
Multiples of 32 = 32 , 64 , 96, 128, 160, ...
So, the first two common multiples of 16 and 26 are 32 and 64.
c) 36, 24
Solution:
Multiples of 36 = 72 , 108, 144 , 180, 216, 252, 288, ...
Multiples of 24 = 24, 48, 72 , 96, 120, 144 , 168, ...
So, the first two common multiples of 36 and 24 are 72 and 144.

d) 15, 45
Solution:
Multiples of 15 = 15, 30, 45 , 60, 90 , ...
Multiples of 45 = 45 , 90 , 135, 180, 225, ....
So, the first two common multiples of 15 and 45 are 45 and 90.
e) 9, 18, 27
Solution:
Multiples of 9 = 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 , 63, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108 , ...
Multiples of 18 = 18, 36, 54 , 72, 90, 108 , 126, ...
Multiples of 27 = 27, 54 , 81, 108 , 135, 162, ...
So, the first two common multiples of 9, 18 and 27 are 54 and 108.

43
 f) 12, 14, 28
Solution:
Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 , 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156,
168 , 180, ...
Multiples of 14 = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 , 98, 112, 126, 140, 154, 168 , ...
Multiples of 28 = 28, 56, 84 , 112, 140, 168 , 196, ...
So, the first two common multiples of 12, 14 and 28 are 84 and 108.

Unit Check 2
1. Encircle the correct options.
a) (iii) composite b) (ii) 3 and 5 c) (iv) 1 d) (ii) 1 e) (iii) 45
2. Use the divisibility rules and tick (P) the correct boxes.
Numbers Divisible by 2 Divisible by 3 Divisible by 5 Divisible by 10
a) 235 P
b) 198 P P
c) 630 P P P P
d) 5682 P P
e) 895 P
3. Write all the prime numbers between 22 and 52.
Answer: 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47.
4. Write all the composite numbers between 41 and 79.
Answer: 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63,
64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78.
5. Find the factors of the following.
a) 24
Let's factorize the number 24. 2 24
Step I: Divide 24 by its prime factor. 2 12
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 2 6
Prime factorization of 24 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 3 3
So, the prime factors of 24 are 2, 2, 2 and 3.
1
b) 12
Let's factorize the number 12.
2 12
Step I: Divide 12 by its prime factor.
2 6
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends.
Prime factorization of 12 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 3 3
So, the prime factors of 12 are 2, 2 and 3. 1

44
 c) 15
Let's factorize the number 15.
Step I: Divide 15 by its prime factor. 3 15
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 5 5
Prime factorization of 15 = 3 ´ 5 1
So, the prime factors of 15 are 3 and 5.
d) 9
Let's factorize the number 9.
Step I: Divide 9 by its prime factor. 3 9
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 3 3
Prime factorization of 9 = 3 ´ 3 1
So, the prime factors of 9 are 3 and 3.
e) 25
Let's factorize the number 25.
Step I: Divide 25 by its prime factor. 5 25
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 5 5
Prime factorization of 25 = 5 ´ 5 1
So, the prime factors of 25 are 5 and 5.

f) 30
Let's factorize the number 30. 2 30
Step I: Divide 30 by its prime factor. 3 15
Step II: Repeat the process till the division ends. 5 5
Prime factorization of 30 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 5 1
So, the prime factors of 30 are 2, 3 and 5.

6. Find the first 10 multiples of the following.

a) 2 Answer: First 10 multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20

b) 5 Answer: First 10 multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50.
c) 7 Answer: First 10 multiples of 7 = 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70.
d) 9 Answer: First 10 multiples of 9 = 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90.
e) 4 Answer: First 10 multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40.
f) 6 Answer: First 10 multiples of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60.

45
7. Find all the prime factors of the following numbers.

a) 36 = 4 ´ 9 b) 48 = 4 ´ 12

= 2 ´ 2 ´ 3 ´ 3 = 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 6

= 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 3

So, all prime factors of So, all prime factors of

36 are 2, 2, 3, 3. 48 are 2, 2, 2, 2, 3.

8. Find all the common factors of the numbers given.

a) 20, 40
Solution:
Factors of 20 = 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 20
Factors of 40 = 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 8, 10 , 20 , 40
Common factors of 20 and 90 = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20.
b) 28, 36
Solution:
Factors of 28 = 1 , 2 , 4 , 7, 14, 28
Factors of 36 = 1 , 2 , 3, 4 , 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
Common factors of 28 and 36 = 1, 2, 4.
c) 16, 26, 46
Solution:
Factors of 16 = 1 , 2 , 4, 8, 16
Factors of 26 = 1 , 2 , 13, 26
Factors of 46 = 1 , 2 , 23, 46
Common factors of 16, 26 and 46 = 1 and 2.
d) 10, 20, 30
Solution:
Factors of 10 = 1 , 2 , 5 , 10
Factors of 20 = 1 , 2 , 4, 5 , 10, 20
Factors of 30 = 1 , 2 , 3, 5 , 6, 10, 15
Common factors of 10, 20 and 30 = 1, 2 and 5.

46
9. Find the first 2 common multiples of the numbers given.
a) 17, 34
Solution:
Multiples of 17 = 17, 34 , 51, 68 , 85, 102, 119, 136, ...

Multiples of 34 = 34 , 68 , 102, 136, 170, ...

So, the first two common multiples of 17 and 34 are 34 and 68.

b) 25, 30
Solution:
Multiples of 25 = 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 , 175, 200, 225, 250,
275, 300, ...

Multiples of 30 = 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 , ...
So, the first two common multiples of 25 and 30 are 150 and 300.

c) 12, 16, 24
Solution:
Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48 , 60, 72, 84, 96 , 108, ...

Multiples of 16 = 16, 32, 48 , 64, 80, 96 , 112, 128, 144 , ...

Multiples of 24 = 24, 48 , 72, 96 , 120, 144, 168 , ...
So, the first two common multiples of 12, 16 and 24 are 48 and 96.

d) 10, 15, 20, 30

Solution:
Multiples of 10 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 , 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 , 130, ...
Multiples of 15 = 15, 30, 45, 60 , 75, 90, 105, 120 , 135, 150, ...
Multiples of 20 = 20, 40, 60 , 80, 100, 120 , 140, 160, 180, ...
Multiples of 30 = 30, 60 , 90, 120 , 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 , ...

So, the first two common multiples of 10, 15, 20 and 30 are 60 and 120.

47
 Unit 3: Fractions
Learning Check 3.1
Tick (P) the like fractions and circle the unlike fractions.

a) 3 , 1 b) 5 , 2 c) 5 , 7 d) 9 , 4
6 6 11 13 8 8 10 7

e) 1 , 1 f) 5 , 3 g) 11 , 5 h) 4 , 7
2 4 8 8 12 11 6 6

Learning Check 3.2

1. Compare the fractions and write < or >.

a) 1 3 b) 5 2
6 4 12 3
Solution: Solution:
1 = 1´2 = 2 5 = 5´1 = 5
6 6´2 12 12 12 ´ 1 12
3 = 3´3 = 9 2 = 2´4 = 8
4 4´3 12 3 3´4 12

as 2 < 9 so, 1 < 3 as 5 < 8 so, 5 < 2

12 12 6 4 12 12 12 3

c) 3 1 d) 1 2
5 2 2 3
Solution: Solution:
3 = 3´2 = 6 1 = 1´3 = 3
5 5´2 10 2 2´3 6
1 = 1´5 = 5 2 = 2´2 = 4
2 2´5 10 3 3´2 6

as 6 > 5 so, 3 > 1 as 3 < 4 so, 1 < 2

10 10 5 2 6 6 2 3

48
 e) 7 3 f) 4 1
9 8 7 9
Solution: Solution:
7 = 7 ´ 8 = 56 4 = 4 ´ 9 = 36
9 9´8 72 7 7´9 63
3 = 3 ´ 9 = 27 1 = 1´7 = 7
8 8´9 72 9 9´7 63

as 56 > 27 so, 7 > 3 as 36 > 7 so, 4 > 1

72 72 9 8 63 63 7 9
g) 5 7 h) 3 2
6 8 7 3
Solution: Solution:
5 = 5 ´ 4 = 20 3 = 3´3 = 9
6 6´4 24 7 7´3 21
7 = 7 ´ 3 = 21 2 = 2 ´ 7 = 14
8 8´3 24 3 3´7 21

as 20 < 21 so, 5 > 7 as 9 < 14 so, 3 < 2

24 24 6 8 21 21 7 3
2. Arrange the fractions in ascending and descending order.
a) 3 , 1 , 4
5 4 5
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
3 = 3 ´ 4 = 12 , 1 = 1´5 = 5 , 4 = 4 ´ 4 = 16
5 5´4 20 4 4´5 20 5 5´4 20

as 5 < 12 < 16 or 1 < 3 < 4

20 20 20 4 5 5
1 , 3 , 4 4 , 3 , 1
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
4 5 5 5 5 4
b) 3 , 7 , 1
5 8 2
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
3 = 3 ´ 24 = 72 , 7 = 7 ´ 15 = 105 , 1 = 1 ´ 60 = 60
5 5 ´ 24 120 8 8 ´ 15 120 2 2 ´ 60 120

49
 as 60 < 72 < 105 or 1 < 3 < 7
120 120 120 2 5 8
1 , 3 , 7 7 , 3 , 1
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
2 5 8 8 5 2
c) 1 , 5 , 1
3 8 5
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
1 = 1 ´ 40 = 40 , 5 = 5 ´ 15 = 75 , 1 = 1 ´ 24 = 24
3 3 ´ 40 120 8 8 ´ 15 120 5 5 ´ 24 120

as 24 < 40 < 75 or 1 < 1 < 5

120 120 120 5 3 8
1 , 1 , 5 5 , 1 , 1
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
5 3 8 8 3 5
d) 3 , 5 , 2
10 8 5
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
3 = 3 ´ 4 = 12 , 5 = 5 ´ 5 = 25 , 2 = 2 ´ 8 = 16
10 10 ´ 4 40 8 8´5 40 5 5´8 40
as 12 < 16 < 25 or 3 < 2 < 5
40 40 40 10 5 8
3 , 2 , 5 5 , 2 , 3
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
10 5 8 8 5 10
e) 2 , 3 , 1
5 4 2
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
2 = 2 ´ 4 = 8 , 3 = 3 ´ 5 = 15 , 1 = 1 ´ 10 = 10
5 5´4 20 4 4´5 20 2 2 ´ 10 20
as 8 < 10 < 15 or 2 < 1 < 3
20 20 20 5 2 4
2 , 1 , 3 3 , 1 , 2
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
5 2 4 4 2 5

50
 f) 5 , 3 , 1
6 8 4
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
5 = 5 ´ 4 = 20 , 3 = 3 ´ 3 = 9 , 1 = 1 ´ 6 = 6
6 6´4 24 8 8´3 24 4 4´6 24
as 6 < 9 < 20 or 1 < 3 < 5
24 24 24 4 8 6
1 , 3 , 5 5 , 3 , 1
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
4 8 6 6 8 4

Learning Check 3.3

Simplify the following fractions. Note: To simplify fractions, we

a) 3 = find the common factor of the
6
numerator and denominator
Solution:
of given fraction and then divide
Th common factor of 3 and 6 = 3, so
the numerator and denominator
3¸3 1
= 2 Answer by their common factor.
6¸3

b) 35 =
40
Solution:
35 = 35 ¸ 5 = 7 Answer
Th common factor of 35 and 45 is 5, so
40 40 ¸ 5 8
c) 10 =
16
Solution:
10 = 10 ¸ 2 = 5 Answer
Th common factor of 10 and 16 is 2, so
16 16 ¸ 2 8

d) 8 =
36
Solution:
8 = 8 ¸ 4 = 2 Answer
Th common factor of 8 and 36 is 4, so
36 36 ¸ 4 9

51
e) 18 =
20
Solution:
18 = 18 ¸ 2 = 9 Answer
Th common factor of 18 and 20 is 2, so
20 20 ¸ 2 10
f) 42 =
36
Solution:
42 = 42 ¸ 6 = 7 Answer
Th common factor of 42 and 36 is 6, so
36 36 ¸ 6 6
g) 6 =
9
Solution:
6 = 6 ¸ 3 = 2 Answer
Th common factor of 6 and 9 is 3, so
9 9¸3 3

h) 28 =
10
Solution:
28 = 28 ¸ 2 = 14 Answer
Th common factor of 28 and 10 is 2, so
10 10 ¸ 2 5

i) 63 =
30
Solution:
63 = 63 ¸ 3 = 21 Answer
Th common factor of 63 and 30 is 3, so
30 30 ¸ 3 10
j) 44 =
48
Solution:
44 = 44 ¸ 4 = 11 Answer
Th common factor of 44 and 48 is 4, so
48 48 ¸ 4 12

k) 55 =
15
Solution:
55 = 55 ¸ 5 = 11 Answer
Th common factor of 55 and 15 is 5, so
15 15 ¸ 5 3
l) 10 =
35
Solution:
10 = 10 ¸ 5 = 2 Answer
Th common factor of 10 and 35 is 5, so
35 35 ¸ 5 7

52
 Learning Check 3.4
1. Circle the unit fractions.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 6 d) 1 e) 1
10 5 4 3 5

f) 7 g) 1 h) 8 i) 1 j) 1
2 9 5 2 6

2. Circle the proper fractions, tick (P) the improper fractions and cross
(O) the mixed numbers.

a) 1 b) 11 c) 3 1 d) 7 e) 2 4
4 8 2 2 9

f) 4 g) 9 h) 2 i) 7 9 j) 13
2 6 7 10 5
4
k) 12 l) 5 m) 13 n) 9 o) 5
7 7 8 11 9

Learning Check 3.5

1. Convert the following fractions into mixed numbers.
a) 9 b) 13
4 11
Solution: 2 Solution: 1
9 = 9¸4 4 9 13 = 13 ¸ 11 11 1 3
4 -8 11 -11
1 2
9 = 2 1 Answer 13 = 1 2 Answer
4 4 11 11

c) 3 d) 9
2 7
Solution: 1 Solution: 1
3 = 3¸2 2 3 9 = 9¸7 7 9
2 -2 7 -7
1 2
3 = 1 1 Answer 9 = 1 2 Answer
2 2 7 7

53
 e) 11 f) 10
9 7
Solution: 1 Solution: 1
11 = 11 ¸ 9 9 11 10 = 10 ¸ 7 7 10
9 - 9 7 - 7
2 3
11 = 1 2 Answer 10 = 1 3 Answer
9 9 7 7

g) 9 h) 8
5 7
Solution: 1 Solution: 1
9 = 9¸5 5 9 8 = 8¸7 7 8
5 - 5 7 - 7
4 1
9 = 1 4 Answer 8 = 1 1 Answer
5 5 7 7

i) 15 j) 16
11 5
Solution: 1 Solution: 3
15 = 15 ¸ 11 11 1 5 16 = 16 ¸ 5 5 16
11 -11 5 -15
4 1
15 = 1 4 Answer 16 = 3 1 Answer
11 11 5 5
2. Convert the following mixed numbers into improper fractions.

a) 4 2 b) 3 1
3 7
Solution: Solution:
(4 ´ 3) + 2 (3 ´ 7) + 1
improper fraction = improper fraction =
3 7
12 + 2 21 + 1
= =
3 7
14 22
= =
3 7
So, 4 2 = 14 Answer So, 3 1 = 22 Answer
3 3 3 7

54
c) 2 1 d) 3 2
2 5
Solution: Solution:
(2 ´ 2) + 1 (3 ´ 5) + 2
improper fraction = improper fraction =
2 5
4+1 15 + 2
= =
2 5
5 17
= =
2 5
So, 2 1 = 5 Answer So, 3 2 = 17 Answer
2 2 5 5

e) 6 1 f) 2 5
9 6
Solution: Solution:
(6 ´ 9) + 1 (2 ´ 6) + 5
improper fraction = improper fraction =
9 6
54 + 1 12 + 5
= =
9 6
55 17
= =
9 6
So, 6 1 = 55 Answer So, 2 5 = 17 Answer
9 9 6 6

g) 1 3 h) 4 6
11 13
Solution: Solution:
(1 ´ 11) + 3 (4 ´ 13) + 6
improper fraction = improper fraction =
11 13
11 + 3 52 + 6
= =
11 13
14 58
= =
11 13
So, 1 3 = 14 Answer So, 4 6 = 58 Answer
11 11 13 13

55
 i) 9 3 j) 8 4
11 5
Solution: Solution:
(9 ´ 11) + 3 (8 ´ 5) + 4
improper fraction = improper fraction =
11 5
99 + 3 40 + 4
= =
11 5
102 44
= =
11 5
So, 9 3 = 102 Answer So, 8 4 = 44 Answer
11 11 5 5

Learning Check 3.6

1. Add the following.
a) 3 + 1 b) 1 + 2
5 5 4 4
Solution: Solution:
3+1 4 Answer 1+2 3 Answer
= = = =
5 5 4 4

c) 2 + 2 d) 3 + 1
5 5 10 10
Solution: Solution:
2+2 3+1 4
= = =
5 10 10
4 Answer Simplyfying
=
5 4¸2 2 Answer
= =
10 ¸ 2 5

e) 2 + 5 f) 4 + 1
8 8 9 9
Solution: Solution:
2+5 7 Answer 4+1 5
= = = =
8 8 9 9

56
 g) 1 + 1 h) 1 + 2
3 3 6 6
Solution: Solution:
1+1 1+2 3
= = =
3 6 6
2 Answer Simplyfying
=
3 3¸3 1 Answer
= =
6¸3 2
2. Subtract the following.

a) 5 - 4 b) 4 - 2
7 7 9 9
Solution: Solution:
5-4 1 Answer 4-2 2 Answer
= = = =
7 7 9 9

c) 7 - 3 d) 9 - 5
12 12 10 10
Solution: Solution:
7-3 4 9-5 4
= = = =
12 12 10 10
Simplifying: Simplifying:
4¸4 1 Answer 4¸2 2 Answer
= = = =
12 ¸ 4 3 10 ¸ 2 5

e) 5 - 4 f) 2 - 1
12 12 5 5
Solution: Solution:
5-4 1 Answer 2-1 1 Answer
= = = =
12 12 5 5

g) 7 - 5 h) 3 - 1
8 8 7 7
Solution: Solution:
7-5 2
= = 3-1
8 8 =
7
Simplifying:
2¸2 1 Answer 2 Answer
= = =
4 7
8¸2

57
 Learning Check 3.7
1. Multiply these.

a) 1 ´ 4 b) 5 ´ 6
9 8
Solution: Solution:
3
1 ´ 1´4 5 ´ 5´6
4 = 6 =
9 9 8 84
4 15 3 Answer
= Answer = = 3
9 4 4
c) 5 2 ´ 5 d) 2 5 ´ 9
11 13
Solution: Solution:
2 ´ 57 ´ 5 ´ 31 ´
5 5 = 5 2 9 = 9
11 11 13 13
57 ´ 5 31 ´ 9
= =
11 13
285 10 279 6
= = 25 11 Answer = = 21 13 Answer
11 13

e) 3 ´ 11 f) 6 ´ 18
4 9
Solution: Solution:
3 ´ 3 ´ 11 6 ´ 6 ´ 18
11 = 18 =
4 4 9 9
12
33 1 108 12 Answer
= = 8 4 Answer = =
4 9
1

g) 5 ´ 12 h) 3 2 ´ 7
6 3
Solution: Solution:
2

5 ´ 5 ´ 12 2 ´ 11 ´
12 = 3 7 = 7
6 61 3 3
11 ´ 7
= 10 Answer =
3
77 2
= = 25 3 Answer
3

58
2. Multiply the following fractions.

a) 19 ´ 3 b) 7 2 ´ 1
9 6 9 3
Solution: 1
Solution:
19 ´ 3 19 ´ 3
= 7 2 ´ 1 = 65 ´ 1
9 6 9´6 9 3 9 3
3

19 65 ´ 1
= =
18 9´3
1 65 11
=1 Answer = = 2 Answer
18 27 27

c) 5 ´ 4 d) 8 ´ 3
6 9 15 10
Solution: 2
Solution: 1
4
5 ´ 4 5´4 8 ´ 3 8´3
= =
6 9 6´9 15 10 15 ´ 10 5
3 5

10 Answer 4 Answer
= =
27 25

e) 1 ´ 1 f) 8 3 ´ 5 5
4 6 4 6
Solution: Solution:
1 ´ 1 1´1 3 ´ 5 35 ´ 35
= 8 5 =
4 6 4´6 4 6 4 6

1 Answer 35 ´ 35
= =
24 4´6
1225 1
= = 51 Answer
24 24

g) 1 1 ´ 1 h) 5 ´ 2
4 4 12 6
Solution: Solution: 1
1 ´ 1 5 ´ 1 5 ´ 2 5´2
1 = =
4 4 4 4 12 6 12 ´ 6
6
5´1 5 Answer
= =
4´4 36
5
= Answer
16

59
 Learning Check 3.8
Divide the following.

a) 6 ¸ 3 b) 1 ¸ 6
3 12
Solution: Solution:
6 ¸ 6 ´ 1 1 ¸ 1 ´ 1
3= 6=
3 3 3 12 12 6
2
6´1 1´1
= =
3 ´ 31 12 ´ 6
2 1
= Answer = Answer
3 72

c) 4 ¸ 3 d) 6 1 ¸ 19
9 3
Solution: Solution:
4 ¸ 4 ´ 1 1 ¸ 19 ¸
3= 6 19 = 19
9 9 3 3 3
1
4´1 19 ´ 1
= =
9´3 3 19
1
4 1
= Answer = Answer
27 3

e) 8 ¸ 33 f) 10 ¸ 20
11 3
Solution: Solution:
8 ¸ 8 ´ 1 10 ¸ 10 ´ 1
33 = 20 =
11 11 33 3 3 20
1
8´1 10 ´ 1
= =
11 ´ 33 3 ´ 202
8 1
= Answer = Answer
363 6

60
g) 4 ¸ 16 h) 4 4 ¸ 8
6 5
Solution: Solution:
4 ¸ 4 ´ 1 4 ¸ 24 ¸
16 = 4 8 = 8
6 6 16 5 5
1 3
4´1 24 ´ 1
= =
6 ´ 16 4 5 8
1
1 3
= Answer = Answer
24 5

i) 3 2 ¸ 7 j) 6 ¸ 15
5 15
Solution: Solution:
2 ¸ 17 ¸ 6 ¸ 6 ´ 1
3 7= 7 15 =
5 5 15 15 15
2
17 ´ 1 6´1
= =
5 7 15 ´ 155
17 ´ 1 2
= = Answer
5´7 75
17
= Answer
35

k) 3 1 ¸ 20 l) 1 1 ¸ 4
3 4
Solution: Solution:
1 ¸ 10 ¸ 1 ¸ 5 ¸4
3 20= 20 1 4 =
3 3 4 4
10 ´ 1 5 1
= = ´
3 20 4 4
1
10 ´ 1 5´1
= =
3 ´ 202 4´4
1 5
= Answer = Answer
6 16

61
 Learning Check 3.9

1. Haris bought 2 kg of strawberries and 3 kg of cherries. How many

8 8
strawberries and cherries did he buy altogether?
Solution:
2
Haris bought strawberries = kg
8
3
Haris bought cherries = kg
8
Total number of strawberries = 2 + 3
8 8
and cherries
2+3 5
= = kg
8 8
So, Haris bought 5 kg of strawberries and cherries altogether.
8
2. Ali and Nida each has a bottle of juice. Ali's bottle has 5 liters of
6
juice and Nida's bottle has 2 liters of juice. How many liters of
6
juice is there altogether?
Solution:
5
Ali's bottle has juice = liter
6
2
Nida's bottle has juice = liter
6
Juice altogether 5 2
= +
6 6
5+2 7
= = litres
6 6
So, there is 5 litres of juice altogether.
8
3. Ahad bought a basket of fruit that weighs 12 kg. One half of the fruit
is mangoes. What is the mass of the remaining fruit?
Solution:

Weight of the basket of fruit = 12 kg

1
Weight of mangoes = of 12 kg
2

62
 1 6
= ´ 12 kg
1
2
Mass of remaining fruit = 12 kg - 6 kg
= 6 kg
So, the mass of remaining fruit is 6 kg.

4. A jug has 3 3 liters of juice. If 1 of the juice has been served to

4 2
guests, how many liters of the juice is left?
Solution:
3 15
Total litres of juice = 3 litres or litres
4 4
1 15
Litres of juice served to guests = of litres
2 4
1 15
= ´
2 4
1 ´ 15 15
= = litres
2´4 8

Litres of juice left 15 - 15

=
4 8 We cannot add or
15 ´ 2 15 subtract unlike fractions
= -
4´2 8 (different denominators)
30 15 so, we first convert
= -
8 8 them into like fractions.
30 - 15
=
8
15 7
= = 1 litres
8 8
So, 1 7 litres of juice is left.
8
5. The capacity of a tank is 4 2 liters. If it has 3 1 liters of water, what
3 3
is its remaining capacity?
Solution:
2 14
Total capacity of tank = 4 litres or litres
3 3
1 10
Quantity of water in tank = 3 litres or litres
3 3
Remaining capacity 14 10
= -
3 3

63
 14 - 10
=
3
4
= litres
3
4
So, the remaining capacity of the tank is litres.
3
3 2
6. Madiha spent hours solving Maths questions and hours
7 7
completing her English homework. How much less time did she
spend completing her English homework than solving Maths
questions?
Solution:
3
Madiha spent solving Maths questions =
hours
7
2
She spent completing English homework = hours
7
Difference between both 3 2
= -
7 7
3´2 1
= = hours
7 7
1
So, Madiha spent hours less in completing he English homework than
7
solving Math questions.
7. If the length of 4 pieces of a rod is 4 1 m, find the length of one
12
piece.
Solution:
1 49
Total length of 4 pieces of rod = 4 m or m
12 12
Number of pieces = 4
Length of one piece 49 1
= ´
12 4
49 m
=
48
or
1 m
= 1
48
1
So, the length of one piece of rod is 1 m.
48

64
8. The weight of 7 jars of jam is 11 1 kg. What will be the weight of each
8
jar of jam?

Solution:
1 89
Total weight of jars of jam = 11 kg or kg
8 8
Number of jars of jam = 7

Weight of each jar of jam = 89 ¸ 7

8
89 ´ 1
=
8 7
89 ´ 1
=
8´7
89 33
= or 1 kg
56 56
33
So, the weight of each jar of jam is 1 kg.
56

Unit Check 3
1. Encircle the correct options.
a) (i) proper b) (ii) different c) (ii) proper fraction
d) (ii) improper e) (ii) 11
9
2. Tick (P) the unit fractions.

a) 4 b) 1 c) 6 d) 1 e) 1
5 9 7 5 11
3. Identify and circle the like fractions from the following fractions.

a) 1 , 3 b) 4 , 4 c) 4 , 1 , 2 d) 7 , 3
7 7 9 8 5 6 7 8 8

e) 3 , 5 , 9 f) 5 , 7 g) 2 , 1 h) 3 , 5
11 11 11 12 12 3 4 13 12

4. Circle the mixed numbers.

2
a) 4 b) 3 c) 7 d) 2 e) 3
9 5 4 7 7
f) 4 4 g) 1 h) 8 6 i) 1 j) 4 1
5 2 7 2 9

65
5. Compare the fractions and write <, > or =.

a) 2 1 b) 7 2
5 4 8 9
Solution: Solution:
2 = 2´4 = 8 7 = 7 ´ 9 = 63
5 5´4 20 8 8´9 72
1 = 1´5 = 5 2 = 2 ´ 8 = 16
4 4´5 20 9 9´8 72
as 8 > 5 so, 2 > 1 as 63 > 16 so, 7 > 2
20 20 5 4 72 72 8 9
c) 1 2 d) 4 8
3 5 7 14
Solution: Solution:
1 = 1´5 = 5 4 = 4´2 = 8
3 3´5 15 7 7´2 14
2 = 2´3 = 6 8 = 8´1 = 8
5 5´3 15 14 14 ´ 1 14
as 5 < 6 so, 1 < 2 as 8 = 8 so, 4 = 8
15 15 3 5 14 14 7 14

e) 8 4 f) 1 2
11 10 5 4
Solution: Solution:
8 = 8 ´ 10 = 80 1 = 1´4
= 4
11 11 ´ 10 110 5 5´4 20
4 = 4 ´ 11 = 44 2 = 2 ´ 5 = 10
10 10 ´ 11 110 4 4´5 20
as 80 > 44 so, 8 > 4 as 4 < 10 so, 1 < 2
110 110 11 10 20 20 5 5

g) 5 6 h) 3 1
7 11 5 2
Solution: Solution:
5 = 5 ´ 11 = 55 3 = 3´2
= 6
7 7 ´ 11 77 5 5´2 10
6 = 6 ´ 7 = 42 1 = 1´5 = 5
11 11 ´ 7 77 2 2´5 10
as 55 > 42 so, 5 > 6 as 6 > 5 so, 3 > 1
77 77 7 11 10 10 5 2

66
6. Order the given fractions in ascending and descending order.
a) 3 , 2 , 1
4 3 5
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
3 = 3 ´ 15 = 45 , 2 = 2 ´ 20 = 40 , 1 = 1 ´ 12 = 12
4 4 ´ 15 60 3 3 ´ 20 60 5 5 ´ 12 60

as 45 > 40 > 12
60 60 60
1 , 2 , 3 3 , 2 , 1
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
5 3 4 4 3 5

b) 5 , 3 , 7
6 5 10
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
5 = 5 ´ 5 = 25 , 3 = 3 ´ 6 = 18 , 7 = 7 ´ 3 = 21
6 6´5 30 5 5´6 30 10 10 ´ 3 30

as 18 < 21 < 25
30 30 30
3 , 7 , 5 5 , 7 , 3
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
5 10 6 6 10 5

c) 8 , 1 , 1
9 3 6
Solution:
To arrange the fractions in ascending or descending order, first we convert
them into like fracitons.
8 = 8 ´ 2 = 16 , 1 = 1´6 = 6 , 1 = 1´3 = 3
9 9´2 18 3 3´6 18 6 6´3 18

as 3 < 6 < 16
18 18 18
1 , 1 , 8 8 , 1 , 1
So, Ascending order = Descending order =
6 3 9 9 3 6

67
7. Add the fractions.

a) 1 + 3 b) 3 7 + 1 11
5 5 24 24
Solution: Solution:
1+3 79 35
= = +
5 24 24
19
4 Answer 79 + 35 114
= = =
5 24 244
19 3
= = 4 Answer
4 4

c) 2 + 4 d) 1 + 2
5 5 6 6
Solution: Solution:
2+4 1
= 1+2 3
5 = =
6 62
6 1
= =1 Answer 1
5 5 = Answer
2

8. Subtract the fractions.

a) 3 - 1 b) 14 - 4
4 4 25 25
Solution: Solution:
3-1 14 - 4
= =
4 25
1 2
2 1 Answer 10 2 Answer
= = = =
42 2 25 5 5

68
 c) 19 - 18 d) 10 - 7
20 20 11 11
Solution: Solution:
19 - 18 10 - 7
= =
20 11
1 Answer 3 Answer
= =
20 11
9. Multiply the following.
a) 11 ´ 75 b) 4 ´ 25
25 15 12
Solution: Solution:
3 1 5
11 ´ 11 ´ 75 4 ´ 25 4 ´ 25
75 = =
25 25 1 15 12 15 ´ 12
3
3
33 5
= Answer = Answer
1 9

c) 5 6 ´ 27 d) 3 ´ 42
18 42 4 51
Solution: Solution:
1
3 ´ 42
5 6 ´ 27 = 96 ´ 27 3 ´ 42
=
18 42 18 42 4 51 4 ´ 5117
3
21
96 ´ 27 1 ´ 42
= =
2 18 ´ 42 2 4 ´ 17
16 8
96 ´ 3 16 ´ 3 1 ´ 21
= = =
2 ´ 427 1 2 ´ 7 2 ´ 17
24 3 21
= 7 = 3 7 Answer = 34 Answer

e) 1 ´ 7 f) 6 1 ´ 1
4 11 6 8
Solution: Solution:
1 ´ 7 1´7 6 1 ´ 1 = 37 ´ 1
=
4 11 4 ´ 11 6 8 6 8
7 37 ´ 1
= Answer =
44 6´8
37 Answer
=
48

69
 g) 5 6 ´ 5 6
18 18
Solution:
5 6 ´ 5 6 = 96 ´ 96
18 18 18 18
16 16
96 ´96
=
3 18 ´ 18 3

256
=
9
4
= 28 Answer
9

10. Divide the following.

a) 27 ¸ 9 b) 4 4 ¸ 12
65 11
Solution: Solution:
3
27 ¸ 27 ´ 1 4 ¸ 48 ¸
9 = 4 12 = 12
65 65 91 11 11
4
3´1 48 ´ 1 4´1
= = =
65 ´ 1 11 12 11 ´ 1
1

3 4
= Answer = Answer
65 11

c) 17 ¸ 34 b) 5 1 ¸ 13
45 18
Solution: Solution:
17 ¸ 17 ´ 1 1 ¸ 91 ¸
34 = 5 13 = 12
45 45 34 18 18
1 7
17 ´ 1 1´1 91 ´ 1 7´1
= = = =
45 ´ 34 2 45 ´ 2 18 13 18 ´ 1
1
1 7
= Answer = Answer
90 18

70
 1 2
11. Fahad spent hours reading an Islamic story and hours
3 3
completing his homework. How much more time did he spend
completing his homework than reading the story?
Solution:
1
Fahad spent reading Islamic story =
hours
3
Fahad spent completing homework = 2 hours
3

Difference between both 2 - 1

=
3 3
2-1
=
3
1
= hours
3
1
So, Fahad spent hours more in completing his homework than reading
3
the story.

12. Hina has 2 strings of length 3 m and 6 m respectively. What is the

8 8
total length of both strings?

Solution:
3
Length of one string = m
8
Length of second string 6
= m
8

Total length of both strings 3 + 6

=
8 8
3+6
=
8
9
=
8
1
= 1
8

So, the total length of both strings are 1 1 m.

8

71
 1
13. The length of a piece of electric wire is 18 meters. Find the total
2
length of 8 such pieces.
Solution:
1
Length of one piece of wire = 18 m
2
Number of pieces = 8

Total length of 8 pieces 1 ´8

= 18
2
37 ´ 48
= 1
2
= 148 metres

So, the length of 8 pieces of wire is 148 metres.

1
14 A tailor uses 9 4 m of cloth to stitch 5 scarves of the same size. How
much cloth was used to stitch each scarf?

Solution:
1
Total length of cloth =9 m
4
Number of scarves stitched = 5

Length of each scarf 1 ¸5

=9
4
37 ´ 1
=
4 5
37
=
20
17 m
=1
20
17 m
So, 1 of cloth was used to stitch each scarf,
20

72
 Unit 4: Decimals
Learning Check 4.1
1. Represent the coloured portion of each figure in decimal and fraction
form. Also write it in words.

a)
fraction: 7
10
decimal: 0.7
words: 7 tenths or zero point seven

b) fraction: 9
10
decimal: 0.9
words: 9 tenths or zero point nine

c)
fraction: 88
100
decimal: 0.88
words: Eighty-eight hundredths or zero point
eight eight

d)
fraction: 57
100
decimal: 0.57
words: Fifty-seven hundredths or zero point
five seven

2. Write the following as decimals.

a) 2 b) 7 c) 1
10 10 100
Solution: Solution: Solution:
2 7 1
= = =
10 10 100
= 0.2 Answer = 0.7 Answer = 0.01 Answer

73
 d) three-tenths e) eight tenths f) 1 1
10
Solution: Solution: Solution:
1
three-tenths or 3 eight tenths or 8 = 1
10 10 10
= 0.3 Answer = 0.8 Answer = 1.1 Answer

g) 10 h) 99 i) 67
100 100 1000
Solution: Solution: Solution:
67
= 10 = 99 =
100 100 1000
= 0.10 Answer = 0.99 Answer = 0.067 Answer

j) thirty-three hundredths k) 167 hundredths l) 3 1

1000
Solution: Solution: Solution:
thirty-three hundredths 167 hundredths 3 1
1000
33 167 3001
= = =
100 100 1000
= 0.33 Answer = 1.67 Answer = 3.001 Answer

3. Write the following decimals in words.

a) 67.2 b) 3.8
Answer Answer
67.2 3.8
Words: sixty-seven point two Words: three point eight

c) 10.102 d) 7.67
Answer Answer
10.102 7.67
Words: ten point one zero two Words: seven point six seven

e) 23.87
Answer
23.87
Words: twenty three point eight seven

74
4. Write the following in decimal form.
a) twelve-hundredths b) nine point four four five
Answer = 0.12 Answer = 9.445

c) five hundred and one point d) fifty-eight thousandths

eight two one Answer = 0.058
Answer = 501.821

e) one point zero zero nine

Answer = 1.009
5. Colour the shapes to show the correct tenths.

0.4 0.8 0.3

as, 0.4 = 4 as, 0.8 = 8 as, 0.3 = 3

10 10 10
6. Colour the shapes to show the correct hundredths.

0.65 0.20

0.65 = 65 0.20 = 20
100 100

0.07 0.53

0.07 = 7 0.53 = 53
100 100

75
 Learning Check 4.2
1. Show the decimal numbers in a place value table and write the value
of each digit.
a) 23.78
Answer:

Tens Ones Decimal Point Tenths Hundredths

2 3 . 7 8

The digit 2 is in the tens place, so its value is 2 ´ 10 = 20

The digit 3 is in the ones place, so its value is 3 ´ 1 = 3

The digit 7 is in the tenths place, so its value is 7 ´ 1 = 0.7

10
The digit 8 is in the hundreths place, so its value is 8 ´ 1 = 0.08
100

b) 213. 790
Answer:
Hundreds Tens Ones Decimal Point Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

2 1 3 . 7 9 0

The digit 2 is in the hundreds place, so its value is 2 ´ 100 = 200

The digit 1 is in the tens place, so its value is 1 ´ 10 = 10

The digit 3 is in the ones place, so its value is 3 ´ 1 = 3

The digit 7 is in the tenths place, so its value is 7 ´ 1 = 0.7

10
The digit 9 is in the hundredths place, so its value is 9 ´ 1 = 0.09
100
1
The digit 0 is in the thousandths place, so its value is 0 ´ = 0.000
1000

76
 c) 45.340
Tens Ones Decimal Point Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

4 5 . 3 4 0

The digit 4 is in the tens place, so its value is 4 ´ 10 = 40

The digit 5 is in the ones place, so its value is 5 ´ 1 = 5
1
The digit 3 is in the tenths place, so its value is 3 ´ = 0.3
10
The digit 4 is in the hundredths place, so its value is 4 ´ 1 = 0.04
100
The digit 4 is in the thousandths place, so its value is 0 ´ 1 = 0.000
1000
d) 247.001
Hundreds Tens Ones Decimal Point Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

2 4 7 . 0 0 1

The digit 2 is in the hundreds place, so its value is 2 ´ 100 = 200

The digit 4 is in the tens place, so its value is 4 ´ 10 = 40
The digit 7 is in the ones place, so its value is 7 ´ 1 = 7
1
The digit 0 is in the tenths place, so its value is 0 ´ = 0.0
10
The digit 0 is in the hundredths place, so its value is 0 ´ 1 = 0.00
100
The digit 1 is in the thousandths place, so its value is 1 ´ 1 = 0.001
1000

e) 1.607
Ones Decimal Point Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

1 . 6 0 7

The digit 1 is in the ones place, so its value is 1 ´ 1 = 1

The digit 6 is in the tenths place, so its value is 6 ´ 1 = 0.6
10
The digit 0 is in the hundredths place, so its value is 0 ´ 1 = 0.00
100
The digit 7 is in the thousandths place, so its value is 7 ´ 1 = 0.007
1000
77
2. Write the place value and value of the underlined digits.
a) 0.34 b) 12.45
Answer Answer
Place value = hundredths Place value = ones
Value = 0.04 Value = 2

c) 456.012 d) 0.012
Answer Answer
Place value = tens Place value = tenths
Value = 50 Value = 0.0

e) 213.345
Answer
Place value = tens
Value = 10

3. Write the following in expanded form and word form.

a) 239.86
Answer:
Expanded form:
= 2 ´ 100 + 3 ´ 10 + 9 ´ 1 + 8 ´ 1 + 6 ´ 1
10 100
= 200 + 30 + 9 + 0.8 + 0.06
Word form: two hundred and thirty nine point eight six

b) 76.8
Answer:
Expanded form:
= 7 ´ 10 + 6 ´ 1 + 9 ´ 1 + 8 ´ 1
10
= 70 + 6 + 0.8
Word form: seventy six point eight

78
 c) 0.167
Answer:
Expanded form:
=0´1+1´ 1 +6´ 1 +7´ 1
10 100 1000
= 0 + 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.007
Word form: zero point one six seven

d) 9.245
Answer:
Expanded form:
=9´1+2´ 1 +4´ 1 +5´ 1
10 100 1000
= 9 + 0.2 + 0.04 + 0.005
Word form: nine point two four five

e) 86.019
Answer:
Expanded form:
= 8 ´ 10 + 6 ´ 1 + 0 ´ 1 + 1 ´ 1 + 9 ´ 1
10 100 1000
= 80 + 6 + 0.0 + 0.01 + 0.009
Word form: eighty six point zero one nine

4. Underline the correct digit in each decimal.

a) Tenths: 56.829 b) Hundredths: 10.526 c) Tens: 45.324
Answer: Answer: Answer:
56.829 10.526 45.324

d) Ones: 87.109 e) Hundredths: 17.024 f) Thousandths: 55.245

Answer: Answer: Answer:
87.109 17.024 55.245

79
 Learning Check 4.3
1. Convert the fractions into decimals.

6 23 490
a) b) c)
10 10 100
Solution: Solution: Solution:
6 23 49
= = =
10 10 100
= 0.6 Answer = 2.3 Answer = 4.90 Answer

32 6 23
d) e) f)
1000 1000 50
Solution: Solution: Solution:
32 6 23 ´ 2
= = =
1000 1000 50 ´ 2
= 0.032 Answer = 0.006 Answer 46
=
100
= 0.46 Answer

3 4 3 11
g) h) i) j)
2 5 25 20
Solution: Solution: Solution: Solution:
3´5 4´2 3´4 11 ´ 5
= = = =
2´5 5´2 25 ´ 4 20 ´ 5
15 8 12 55
= = = =
10 10 100 100
= 1.5 Answer = 0.8 Answer = 0.12 Answer = 0.55 Answer

80
2. Convert the decimals into fractions.
a) 0.56 b) 8.90 c) 1.9
Solution: Solution: Solution:
56 14 89 19
= = =
100 25 10 10
14 9 9
= Answer =8 Answer =1 Answer
25 10 10

d) 6.12 e) 9.340 f) 5.091

Solution: Solution: Solution:
612 153 9340 467 5091
= = =
100 25 1000 50 1000
153 467 91
= = =5 Answer
25 50 1000
3 17
=6 Answer =9 Answer
25 50

Learning Check 4.4

1. Add the following.
a) 23.7 + 12.8 b) 5.90 + 4.54 c) 2.23 + 2.06
Solution: Solution: Solution:
1 1
2 3 . 7 5 . 9 0 2 . 2 3
+1 2 . 8 +4 . 5 4 +2 . 0 6
3 6 . 5 10 . 4 4 4 . 2 9

d) 7.07 + 4.51 e) 4.34 + 6.40 f) 5.26 + 4.53

Solution: Solution: Solution:
7 . 0 7 4 . 3 4 5 . 2 6
+4 . 5 1 +6 . 4 0 +4 . 5 3
11 . 5 8 10 . 7 4 9 . 7 9

81
2. Subtract the following.
a) 98.4 - 19.4 b) 6.98 - 4.99 c) 58.7 - 49.6
Solution: Solution: Solution:
1 1 1
8 5
9 8 . 4 6 . 89 8 5 8 . 7
1 9 . 4 4 . 9 9 4 9 . 6
7 9 . 0 1 . 9 9 9 . 1

d) 8.34 - 6.01 e) 5.45 - 3.62 f) 7.28 - 2.80

Solution: Solution: Solution:
8 . 3 4 5 . 4 5 7 . 2 8
6 . 0 1 3 . 6 2 2 . 8 0
2 . 3 3 2 . 8 3 4 . 4 8

3. Saba weighs 45.7 kg and Umar weighs 37.6 kg. What is the difference
between their weights?
Solution:
Weight of Saba = 45.7 kg 4 5 . 7
Weight of Umar = 37.6 kg 3 7 . 6
8 . 1
Difference between weights = 45.7 - 37.6

So, the difference between saba and umar's weights is 8.1 kg.

4. A tank holds 40.5 liters of water. If 34.9 liters of water has been used,
how much water is left in the tank?
Solution:

The tank holds water = 4 0 . 5

Water used = 3 4 . 9

Water left in the tank = 0 5 . 6

So, 5.6 litres of water is left in the tank.

82
5. Waqas travelled 34.5 km on Monday and 26.4 km on Tuesday. How
much did he travel altogether?
Solution:
1
Waqas traveled on Monday = 3 4 . 5 km

Waqas traveled on Tuesday = 2 6 . 4 km

He traveled altogether = 6 0 . 9 km

So, Waqas travelled 60.9 km altogether.

Learning Check 4.5

Multiply the correct options.
a) 4.3 ´ 10 b) 9.2 ´ 100
Solution: Solution:
4.3 1 ´ 10 = 43.0 9.2 1 2 ´ 100 = 920.0
or or
4.3 9.2
´ 1 0 ´ 100
0 0 0 0
+ 4 3 0 0 0 0
4 3.0 Answer + 9 2 0.0
9 2 0.0 Answer

c) 7.8 ´ 1000 d) 0.8´ 100

Solution: Solution:
7.8 1 2 3 ´ 1000 = 7800.0 0.8 1 2 ´ 100 = 80.0
or or
7.8
0.8
´1 0 0 0
´ 100
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ 8 0
7 0 0 + 0 8 0.0
0 8 0.0 Answer
7 8 0 0.0 Answer

83
 e) 5.1 ´ 2 f) 9.1 ´ 6
Solution: Solution:
5.1 9.1
´ 2 ´ 6
10.2 54.6
5 . 1 ´ 2 = 1 0 . 2 Answer 9 . 1 ´ 6 = 5 4 . 6 Answer

g) 6.8 ´ 4 h) 3.9 ´ 5
Solution: Solution:
3 4
6.8 3.9
´4 ´5
27.2 Answer 19.5 Answer

2. Divide the following

a) 2.4 ¸ 6 b) 2.8 ¸ 7
Solution: Solution:
0.4 0.4
6 2.4 7 2.8
- 0 - 2 8
2.4
2.8 ¸ 7 = 0.4 Answer
- 2 4
0
2.4 ¸ 6 = 0.4 Answer

c) 5.5 ¸ 5 d) 7.2 ¸ 8
Solution: Solution:
1.1 0.9
5 5.5 8 7.2
- 5 - 7.2
5 0
- 5
0
5.5 ¸ 5 = 1.1 Answer 7.2 ¸ 8 = 0.9 Answer

84
 e) 8.4 ¸ 7 f) 1.4 ¸ 2
Solution: Solution:
1.2 0.7
7 8.4 2 1.4
- 7 - 1 4
14 0
- 14
1.4 ¸ 2 = 0.7 Answer
0
8.4 ¸ 7 = 1.2 Answer

g) 1.8 ¸ 6
h) 3.6 ¸ 4
Solution:
Solution:
0.3
0.9
6 1.8
4 3.6
- 1 8
0 - 3 6
0
1.8 ¸ 6 = 0.3 Answer 3.6 ¸ 4 = 0.9 Answer

3. To stitch an abaya, 8.5 m of cloth is needed. How much cloth is needed

to make 7 such abayas?
Solution:
Cloth needed to make one abaya = 8.5 m 8 . 5
Cloth needed to make 7 abayas = 8.5 ´ 7 ´ 7
= 59.5 m Answer 5 9 . 5
So, 59.5 m of cloth is needed to make 7 such abayas.
4. The total length of 8 wires is 6.4 meters. What is the length of 1 wire?
Solution:
Total length of wires = 6.4 m 0.8
Number of wires = 8 8 6.4
Length of one wire = 6.4 ¸ 8 - 6 4
= 0.8 meters Answer 0
So, the length of one wire is 0.8 meters.

85
5. There is 9.6 kg of grain. If it is distributed among 6 people equally,
how much grain will each person get?
Solution: 1.6
Total quantity of grain = 9.6 kg 6 9.6
Number of people = 6 - 6
Each person will get = 9.6 ¸ 6 3 6
= 1.6 kg Answer 3 6
So, each person will get 1.6 kg 0

Learning Check 4.6

1. Round off the following decimal numbers to the nearest
whole number.
b) 2.49
a) 2.51
Solution:
Solution:
2.49
2.51
= 2 (as tenth place digit is
= 3 (as tenth place digit is 5)
less than 5)
c) 1.34 d) 0.56
Solution: Solution:
1.34 0.56
= 1 (as tenth place digit is = 1 (as tenth place digit is 5)
less than 5)

e) 5.77 f) 9.06
Solution: Solution:
5.77 9.06
= 6 (as tenth place digit is = 9 (as tenth place digit is
greater than 5) less than 5)

g) 5.98 h) 4.09
Solution: Solution:
5.98 4.09
= 6 (as tenth place digit is = 4 (as tenth place digit is
greater than 5) less than 5)

86
 i) 3.23 j) 19.91
Solution: Solution:
3.23 19.91
= 3 (as tenth place digit is = 20 (as tenth place digit is
less than 5) greater than 5)
Unit Check 4
1. Encircle the correct options.
a) (ii) decimal point b) (iv) denominator c) (iv) one-thousandth
d) (i) 0.4 e) (iii) 7

2. Write the coloured parts of the following shapes as decimals and also
write them in word form.
a) 6
in decimal = = 0.6
10
in word form = zero point six

b) 8
in decimal = = 0.8
10
in word form = zero point eight

c) 79
in decimal = = 0.79
100
in word form = zero point seven nine.

3. Write the decimal for each of the following.

3 18 7
a) b) c)
10 100 1000
Solution: Solution: Solution:
3 18 7
10 100 1000
= 0.3 Answer = 0.18 Answer = 0.007 Answer

87
 d) 15 tenths e) 25 thousandths f) 24 hundredths

Solution: Solution: Solution:

15 25 24
15 tenths = 25 thousandths = 24 hundredths =
10 1000 100

4. Write the following decimals in words.

a) 3.78 b) 10.45
Answer = 3.78 Answer = 10.45
= three point seven eight = ten point four five
c) 0.056 d) 1.504
Answer = 0.056 Answer = 1.504
= zero point zero five six = one point five zero four

5. Write the following in decimal form.

a) sixteen hundredths b) four point five one

16
Answer = sixteen hundredths = Answer = four point five one
100
= 0.16 Answer = 4.15 Answer

c) eight hundred and one point six seven one

Answer = eight hundred and one point six seven one
= 801.671 Answer

d) twenty-two thousandths
22
Answer = twenty-two thousandths =
1000
= 0.022 Answer

6. Colour these shapes to show the correct tenths.

0.6 0.1 0.9

88
7. Colour these shapes to show the correct hundredths.

0.05 0.22 0.88

8. For 7.901, complete the following. Also write its expanded form
and word form.
The digit 7 is in the one place and has a value of 7 ´ 1 = 7
1
The digit 9 is in the tenths place and has a value of 9 ´ = 0.9
10
1
The digit 0 is in the hundredths place and has a value of 0 ´ = 0.00
100
1
The digit 1 is in the ________ place and has a value of 1 ´ = 0.001
1000
Expanded form: 7 + 0.9 + 0.00 + 0.001
Word form: seven point nine zero one
9. Express the following decimals as fractions.
a) 8.541 b) 8.32
Solution: Solution:
8.541 832 208
= =
1000 100 25
541 8
= 8 Answer = 8 Answer
1000 25

c) 9.502 d) 3.148
Solution: Solution:
9.502 4751 4751 3148 787 787
= = = =
1000 500 500 1000 250 250
251 37
= 9 Answer = 3 Answer
500 250

89
10. Solve the following.
a) 3.25 + 5.45 b) 28.9 + 15.8
Solution: Solution:
1 1 1
3 . 2 5 2 8 . 9
+5 . 4 5 +1 5 . 8
8 . 7 0 4 4 . 7

c) 6.47 + 2.30 d) 78.8 + 25.5

Solution: Solution:
6 . 4 7 7 8 . 8
+2 . 3 0 -2 5 . 5
8 . 7 7 5 3 . 3

e) 47.4 - 26.8 f) 5.45 - 2.29

Solution: Solution:
6 1 3 1
4 7 . 4 5 . 4 5
-2 6 . 8 -2 . 2 9
2 0 . 6 3 . 1 6

11. Solve these.

a) 3.5 ´ 100 b) 0.7 ´ 10

Solution: Solution:
3.5 1 ´ 100 2 0.7 ´ 10 1

= 350.0 = 7.0
or 350 Answer or 7 Answer

c) 2.1 ´ 1000 d) 5.6 ´ 7

Solution: Solution:
2.1 1 ´ 1000
2 3
4
5 . 6
= 2100.0 ´ 7
or 2100 Answer 3 9 . 2 Answer

90
 e) 4.8 ¸ 8 f) 8.1 ¸ 9
Solution: Solution:
0. 6 0. 9
8 4. 8 9 8. 1
- 4 8 - 8 1
0 0
so, 48 ¸ 8 = 0.4 Answer so, 81 ¸ 9 = 0.9 Answer

g) 3.6 ¸ 3 h) 6.4 ¸ 4
Solution: Solution:
1.2 1.6
3 3. 6 4 6. 4
- 3 - 4
0 6 2 4
- 6 - 2 4
0 0
so, 3.6 ¸ 3 = 1.2 Answer so, 6.4 ¸ 4 = 1.6 Answer

12. The capacity of a glass is 1.25 liters and the capacity of a jug is
2.75 liters. Find:
a) the total capacity of both.
Solution:
1 1

The capacity of glass = 1 . 2 5

The capacity of jug = +2 . 7 5
Total capacity of both = 4 . 0 0

So the total capacity of glass and jug is 4 litres.

b) the difference in their capacities.
Solution:
The capacity of jug = 2 . 7 5
The capacity of glass = -1 . 2 5
Difference in their capacity = 1 . 5 0

The difference in the capacities of glass and jug is 1.5 litres.

91
13. The mass of a pack of rice is 2.5 kg. Find the mass of 8 such packs.
Solution:
Mass of a pack of rice = 2.5
Number a packs = 8
Mass of 8 packs = 2.5 ´ 8
4
2 . 5
´ 8
2 0 . 0

Mass of 8 packs of rice is 20 kg.

14. 7.2 liters of ice cream needs to be distributed among 9 persons. How
much will each person get?
Solution: 0. 8
Total quantity of icecream = 7 . 2 litres 9 7. 2
Number of persons = 9 - 7 2
Each person will get = 7.2 ¸ 9 0

So each person will get 0.8 litres of ice cream.

15. Round off the following to the nearest whole number.

a) 5.92 b) 9.01
answer: answer:
5.92 9.01
=6 =9

c) 4.57
answer:
4.57
=5

92
 Unit 5: Measurement
Learning Check 5.1
1. Write the lengths of the given objects.
3 m.
a) The length of the bench is _____
13 cm.
b) The length of the envelope is _____
2. Write the most appropriate units to measure these lengths.
a) Distance between your house to the masjid kilometers (km)
b) Length of your bed meters (m)
c) Length of your Maths book centimeters (cm)
d) Length of your lunch box centimeters (cm
e) Distance of one city from another kilometers (km)
f) Length of your classroom meters (m)
g) Length of the bench in the park meters (m)
h) Length of your desk meters (m)

Learning Check 5.2

1. Convert the following into meters.
a) 12 km b) 20 km c) 43 km
Solution: Solution: Solution:
12 km 20 km 43 km
= 12 ´ 1000 m = 20 ´ 1000 m = 43 ´ 1000 m
= 12000 m = 20000 m = 43000 m
d) 98 km e) 19 km 92 m f) 6 km 229 m
Solution: Solution: Solution:
98 km 19 km 92 m 6 km 229 m
= 98 ´ 1000 m = 19 ´ 1000 m +92 m = 6 ´ 1000 m +229 m
= 98000 m = 19000 m + 92 m = 6000 m + 229 m
= 19092 m = 6229 m

93
 g) 28 km 560 m h) 76km 634 m
Solution: Solution:
28 km 560 m 76 km 634 m
= 28 ´ 1000 m + 560 m = 76 ´ 1000 m +634 m
= 28000 m + 560 m = 76000 m + 634 m
= 28560 m = 76634 m
2. Convert the following into centimeters.
a) 48 m b) 71 m c) 30
Solution: Solution: Solution:
48 m 71 m 30 m
= 48 ´ 100 cm = 71 ´ 100 m = 30 m ´ 100
= 4800 cm = 7100 cm = 3000 cm
d) 26 m 10 cm e) 198 m 44 cm f) 21 m 23 cm
Solution: Solution: Solution:
26 m 10 cm 198 m 44 cm 21 m 23 cm
= 26 ´ 100 cm + 10 cm =198 ´ 100 cm + 44 cm = 21 ´ 100 cm + 23 cm
= 2600 cm + 10 cm = 19800 cm + 44 cm = 2100 cm + 23 cm
= 2610 cm = 19844 cm = 2123 cm

g) 30 m 20 cm h) 67 m 56 cm
Solution: Solution:
30 m 20 cm 67 m 56 cm
= 30 ´ 100 cm + 20 cm = 67 ´ 100 cm + 56 cm
= 3000 cm + 20 cm = 6700 cm + 56 cm
= 3020 cm = 6756 cm
3. Convert the following into millimeters.

a) 10 cm b) 49 cm c) 56 cm
Solution: Solution: Solution:
10 cm 49 cm 56 cm
= 10 ´ 10 mm = 49 ´ 10 = 56 ´ 10 mm
= 100 mm = 490 mm = 560 mm

94
 d) 60 cm e) 21 cm 6 mm f) 23 cm 2 mm
Solution: Solution: Solution:
60 cm 21 cm 6 mm 23 cm 2 mm
= 60 ´ 10 = 21 ´ 10 mm + 6 mm = 23 ´ 10 mm + 2 mm
= 210 mm + 6 mm = 230 mm + 2 mm
= 600 mm
= 216 mm = 232 mm
g) 59 cm 3 mm h) 78 cm 8 mm
Solution: Solution:
59 cm 3 mm 78 cm 8 mm
= 59 ´ 10 mm + 3 mm = 78 ´ 10 mm + 8 mm
= 590 mm + 3 mm = 780 mm + 8 mm
= 593 mm = 788 mm

Learning Check 5.3

1. Solve the following.

a) km m b) km m c) km m
1 1 1 1 0 1000
1 883 52 501 71 500
+ 8 556 + 14 909 - 10 800
10 439 67 410 60 700

d) km m e) m cm f) m cm
97 1000 80 100 100
20
98 404 81 12 21 14
- 21 963 - 50 82 - 20 98
76 441 30 30 0 16

g) m cm h) cm mm i) cm mm
1 1 1
1 4 10
13 54 59 1 45 2
+ 9 54 +15 9 - 21 5
23 08 75 0 23 7

95
 2. Find the sum of the following.
a) 12 km 34 m + 10 km 999 m b) 23 m 34 cm + 84 m 81 cm
Solution: Solution:
1 1 1 1
12 km 0 3 4 m 23 m 3 4 cm
+ 10 km 9 9 9 m + 84 m 8 1 cm
2 3 km 0 3 3 m 108 m 1 5 cm
c) 4 m 44 cm + 5 m 67 cm d) 17 cm 8 mm + 32 cm 4 mm
Solution: Solution:
1 1 1
4 m 4 4 cm 17 m 8 mm
+ 5 m 6 7 cm + 32 m 4 mm
10 m 11 cm 50 m 2 mm
3. Find the difference of the following.
a) 21 km 43 m and 20 km 34 m b) 32 m 43 cm and 54 m 2 cm
3 100
21 km 43m 54 m 0 2 cm
-20 km 34m -32 m 4 3 cm
1 km 9m 21m 5 9 cm

c) 31 m 45 cm and 86 m 24 cm d) 9 cm 2 mm and 24 cm 4 mm
5 100
86 m 2 4 cm 1 2 14
cm 4 mm
-31 m 4 5 cm -09 cm 2 mm
54 m 7 9 cm 1 5 cm 2 mm
4. The distance from the school to the market is 5 km 678 m and the
distance from the market to the masjid is 3 km 387 m. Find the total
distance from the school to the masjid. Convert the answer into meters.
Solution: 1 1 1
Distance from school to market = 5 km 678 m
Distance from market to masjid = + 3 km 387 m
Distance from school to masjid = 9 km 065 m
So, distance from school to masjid is 9 km 65 m.
In meters: 9 ´ 1000 + 65 m = 9000 m + 65 m = 9065 m
So, the distance from school to masjid in meters is 9065 meters.

96
5. A train covered a distance of 154 km 432 m from city A to city B and
201 km 722 m from city B to city C. Find the total distance covered by
the train. Convert the answer into meters.

Solution:
1
Distance covered from city A to city B = 1 5 4 km 432 m
Distance covered from city B to city C = + 2 0 1 km 722 m
Total distance covered = 3 5 6 km 154 m
So, total distance covered by the train is 356 km 154 m.
In meters: (356 ´ 1000 + 154) m = 356000 m + 154 m = 356154 m.

6. Fahad walked 824 m 35 cm and Zara walked 767 m 69 cm. How much
more distance was covered by Fahad than Zara? Convert the answer
into centimeters.
Solution:
7 1 3 100
Fahad walked = 824 m 3 5 cm
Zara walked = - 767 m 6 9 cm
Difference = 056 m 6 6 cm

So, Fahad covered 56 m 66 cm more than Zara

In cm: (56 ´ 100 + 66) cm = 5600 cm + 66 cm = 5666 cm.

7. Madiha has 5 m 23 cm of cloth to stitch two scarves. She used

3 m 55 cm piece of cloth to stitch one scarf. How much cloth was
left? Convert the answer into centimeters.
Solution:
4 100
Total length of cloth madiha has = 5 m 2 3 cm
Length used for one scarf = -3 m 5 5 cm
Cloth left = 1 m 6 8 cm

So, 1 m 68 cm of cloth was left.

In cm: (1 ´ 100 + 68) cm = 100 cm + 68 cm = 168 cm.

97
 Learning Check 5.4
1. Write the mass of these objects.

2.5 kg
a) _____ 400 g
b) _____ 2
c) _____ g
2. Colour the most appropriate unit to measure the mass of the
following objects.
a) g b) kg c) g d) mg e) g
f) mg g) g h) kg i) g

Learning Check 5.5

1. Convert the following into grams.

a) 45 kg b) 62 kg c) 76 kg
Solution: Solution: Solution:
45 kg 62 kg 76 kg
= (45 ´ 1000) g = (62 ´ 1000) g = (76 ´ 1000) g
= 45000 g = 62000 g = 76000 g

d) 89 kg e) 23 kg 42 g f) 67 kg 23 g
Solution: Solution: Solution:
89 kg 23 kg 42 g 67 kg 23 g
= (89 ´ 1000) g = (23 ´ 1000) g + 42 g = (67 ´ 1000) g + 23 g
= 89000 g = 23000 g + 42 g = 67000 g + 23 g
= 23042 g = 67023 g

g) 59 kg 34 g h) 99 kg 21 g
Solution: Solution:
59 kg 34 g 99 kg 21 g
= (59 ´ 1000) g + 34 g = (99 ´ 1000) g + 21 g
= 59000 g + 34 g = 99000 g + 21 g
= 59034 g = 99021 g

98
2. Convert the following into milligrams.
a) 73 g b) 84 g c) 44 g
Solution: Solution: Solution:
73 g 84 g 44 g
= (73 ´ 1000) mg = (84 ´ 1000) mg = (44 ´ 1000) mg
= 73000 mg = 84000 mg = 44000 mg
d) 5276 g e) 24 g 87 mg f) 526 g 100 mg
Solution: Solution: Solution:
5276 g 24 g 87 mg 526 g 100 mg
= (5276 ´ 1000) mg = (24 ´ 1000) mg = (526 ´ 1000) mg
+ 87 mg + 100 mg
= 5276000 mg
= 24000 mg + 87 mg = 526000 mg + 100 mg
= 24087 mg = 526100 mg

g) 49 g 876 mg
Solution:
49 g 876 mg
= (49 ´ 1000) mg
+ 876 mg
= 49000 mg + 876 mg
= 49876 mg

Learning Check 5.6

1. Solve the following.

a b c d
kg g kg g g mg kg g
1 1 7 3 1000 8 1000
5 821 32 405 84 200 79 500
+ 8 516 + 41 703 - 14 700 - 21 600

14 337 74 108 69 500 57 900

99
 e f g h
g mg kg g kg g g mg
1 1 1 1 2 1000 8 1
89 74 81 412 13 098 43 924
+10 72 + 50 598 - 11 101 - 14 162
100 46 132 010 1 997 29 762

i j
kg g g mg
1 1 8 1000
47 831 59 125
+26 176 - 15 835

74 007 43 290

2. Find the sum of the following.

a) 12 kg 398 g + 10kg 674 g b) 23 kg 340 g + 44 m 909 g

Solution: Solution:
1 1 1 1
12 kg 3 9 8 g 23 kg 3 4 0 g
+ 10 kg 6 7 4 g + 44 kg 9 0 9 g
1 3 kg 0 7 2 g 6 8 kg 2 4 9 g

c) 4 kg 442 g + 5 kg 762 g d) 23 kg 340 g + 44 m 909 g

Solution: Solution:
1 1 1 1
4 kg 4 4 2 g 7g 8 9 5mg
+ 5 kg 7 6 2 g + 1g 4 1 4mg
1 0 kg 2 0 4 g 9g 3 0 9 mg
3. Find the difference of the following.
a) 31 kg 33 g from 45 kg 24 g b) 42 kg 781 g from 73 kg 563 g
Solution: Solution:
4 1000 2 1000
45 kg 24 g 73 kg 5 6 3 g
_ _
31 kg 33 g 42 kg 7 8 1 g
1 3 kg 991g 3 0 kg 7 8 2 g

100
 c) 15 kg 465 g from 76 kg 244 g d) 4 g 788 mg from 9 g 506 mg
Solution: Solution:
5 1000 8 1000
76 kg 244 g 9 g 5 0 6 mg
_ _
15 kg 465 g 4 g 7 8 8 mg
6 0 kg 779g 4g 7 1 8 mg

4. The mass of a bag of mangoes is 34 kg 12 g and the mass of a bag of

apples is 23 kg 98 g. Find the total mass of both bags. Convert the
answer into grams.
Solution:
Mass of bag of mangoes = 3 4 kg 12 g
Mass of bag of apples = + 2 3 kg 98 g
Total mass of bags = 5 7 kg 11 0 g
So, the mass of both bags are 58 kg 110 g

In grams = 57 kg 110 g
= (57 ´ 1000) g + 110 g
= 57000 g + 110 g = 57110 g

5. A shopkeeper has 45 kg 55 g of sugar and 19 kg 76 g of rice in stock.

Find the total stock of sugar and rice he has. Convert the answer into
grams.
Solution:
1 1
Quantity of sugar = 4 5 kg 55 g
Quantity of rice = + 1 9 kg 76 g
Total stock of sugar and rice = 6 4 kg 131 g
So, he has 64 kg 131 g of stock of sugar and rice.

In grams = 64 kg 131 g
= (64 ´ 1000) g + 131 g
= 64000 g + 131 g = 64131 g

101
6. The mass of a pack of cookies is 250 g 25 mg and the mass of a pack
of chocolates is 415 g 115 mg. Find the difference between their
masses. Convert the answer into milligrams.
Solution:
Mass of pack of chocolate = 415 g 11 5 mg
Mass of pack of cookies =_ 250 g 2 5 mg
Total stock of sugar and rice = 165 g 9 0 mg
So, the difference between their masses is 165g 90 mg.
In miligrams = 165 g 90 mg
= (165 ´ 1000) mg + 90 mg
= 165000 g + 90 g = 165090 mg
7. Mother bought 16 kg 450 g of flour. 8 kg 940 g of the flour has been
used. What is the mass of flour left? Convert the answer into grams.
Solution: 15 1000
Total mass of flour = 1 6 kg 4 5 0 g
_
Mass of flour used = 8 kg 940 g
Mass of flour left = 7 kg 510 g
So, 7 kg 510 g of flour is left.
In grams = 7 kg 510 g
= (7 ´ 1000) g + 510 g = 7000 g + 510 g = 7510 g

Learning Check 5.7

1. Write the capacity of the following containers.

a) 400 millilitres or 400 ml. b) 10 litres or 10 l.

b) 1 l 100 ml.

2. Circle the objects that have a capacity measured in liters.

102
 Learning Check 5.8
1. Convert these capacities into millimeters.

a) 4 l b) 13 l c) 46 l
Solution: Solution: Solution:
4l 13 l 46 l
= (4 ´ 1000) ml = (13 ´ 1000) ml = (46 ´ 1000) ml
= 4000 ml = 13000 ml = 46000 ml

d) 76 l e) 9 l 15 ml f) 22 l 456 ml
Solution: Solution: Solution:
76 l 9 l 15 ml 22 l 456 ml
= (76 ´ 1000) ml = (9 ´ 1000) ml + 15 ml = (22 ´ 1000) ml + 456 ml
= 76000 ml = 9000 ml + 15 ml = 22000 ml + 456 ml
= 9015 ml = 22456 ml

g) 3 l 6 ml h) 56 l 23 ml
Solution: Solution:
3 l 6 ml 56 l 23 ml
= (3 ´ 1000) ml + 6 ml = (56 ´ 1000) ml + 23 ml
= 3000 ml + 6 ml = 56000 ml + 23 ml
= 3006 ml = 56023 ml

Learning Check 5.9

1. Solve the following.
a b c
l ml l ml l ml
1 5 1 1000
5 456 45 367 62 350
+ 8 842 + 41 721 - 42 420

14 298 87 088 19 930

103
 d e f
l ml l ml l ml
4 1000 7 1000 7 1000
95 161 98 777 78 484
- 50 284 - 90 999 - 61 852

44 877 07 778 16 632

2. Find the sum of the following.

a) 143 l 34 ml + 10 l 93 ml b) 12 l 849 ml + 44 l 236 ml

1 1
143 l 3 4 ml 12 l 8 4 9 ml
+ 10 l 9 3 ml + 44 l 2 3 6 ml
153 l 1 2 7 ml 57 l 0 8 5 ml

c) 4 l 442 ml + 5 l 762 ml d) 7 l 865 ml + 10 l 564 ml

1 1
4 l 4 4 2 ml 7 l 8 6 5 ml
+ 5 l 7 6 2 ml + 10 l 5 6 4 ml
10 l 2 0 4 ml 18 l 4 2 9 ml

3. Find the difference of the following.

a) 31 l 389 ml from 45 l 204 ml b) 42 l 563 ml from 73 l 175 ml
4 1000 2 1000
45 l 2 0 4 ml 73 l 1 7 5 ml
- 31 l 3 8 9 ml - 42 l 5 6 3 ml
13 l 8 1 5 ml 30 l 6 1 2 ml

c) 45 l 978 ml from 86 l 789 ml d) 4 l 677 ml from 9 l 344 ml

5 1000 1000
8
86 l 7 8 9 ml 9 l 3 4 4 ml
- 45 l 9 7 8 ml - 4 l 6 7 7 ml
40 l 8 11 ml 4 l 6 6 7 ml

104
4. A kerosine oil container truck has 284 l 60 ml of oil. 23 l 98 ml of oil
spilled due to a minor accident on the highway. How much oil is left in
the container truck? Convert the answer into liters.

Solution:
283 1000
Oil in the truck = 284 l 6 0 ml
Oil spilled on highway = - 2 3 l 9 8 ml
Oil left = 260 l 9 6 2 ml

So, 260 l 962 ml of oil is left in the container truck.

In litres: 260 l 962 ml
962
= 260 l + l To convert ml into l, we divide by 1000.
1000
= 260 l + 0.962 l = 260.962 l
5. A bucket holds 24 l 124 ml of water and a tub holds 39 l 899 ml of
water. Find their capacity altogether in milliliters.
Solution:
1 1
Bucket holds water = 24 l 1 2 4 ml
Tub holds water = + 39 l 8 9 9 ml
Capacity of both = 64 l 0 2 3 ml
So, the capacity of bucket and tub altogether are 64 l 23 ml.
In millilitres: 64 l 23 ml
= (64 ´ 1000) ml + 23 ml
= 64000 ml + 23 ml = 64023 ml
6. A petrol pump sold 405 l 560 ml of petrol on Monday and 134 l 450 ml
of petrol on Tuesday. Find the total amount of petrol sold in both days.
Convert the answer into liters.
Solution:
1 1
Petrol sold on Monday = 405 l 5 6 0 ml
Petrol sold on Tuesday = + 1 3 4 l 4 5 0 ml
Petrol sold both days = 540 l 0 1 0 ml

So, 540 l 110 ml of petrol was sold on both days.

105
 In litres: 540 l 10 ml
10
= 540 l + l To convert ml into l, we divide by 1000.
1000
= 540 l + 0.010 l = 540.010 l
7. After serving 12 l 450 ml of ice cream to guests, 6 l 380 ml of
ice cream was left. What was the total volume (in milliliters) of
ice cream before serving?
Solution:
Ice cream served to guests = 12 l 4 5 0 ml
Ice cream left after before serving = + 6l 3 8 0 ml
Total volume of ice cream before serving = 18 l 8 3 0 ml

So, 18 l 830 ml was the volume of ice cream before serving to guests.
In millilitres: 18 l 830 ml
= (18 ´ 1000) ml + 830 ml
= 18000 ml + 830 ml = 18830 ml

Unit Check 5.1

1. Enccircle the correct options.
a) (iii) 1000 b) (iii) 1000 c) (iii) 1000 d) (ii) 100 e) (i) 10
2. Tick (P) the correct unit to measure the following lengths.

a) km P b) m P c) mm P d) m P
3. Tick (P)the most appropriate unit to weigh these objects.
a) kg b) g c) mg d) g
e) kg f) mg
4. Which unit (l or ml ) will be used to measure the volume of given
objects?
a) b) c) d) e)

ml ml l ml l

106
5. Find the sum of the following.
a) 6 km 908 m and 2 km 100 m b) 54 m 12 cm and 24 m 96 cm
Solution: Solution:
km m m cm
1
1
6 908 54 12
+ 2 100 + 24 96
9 008 79 08
c) 4 kg 345 g 7k g 725 g d) 34 kg 654 g and 234 kg 524 g
Solution: Solution
kg g
kg g 1
1
4 345 34 654
+ 7 725 +2 3 4 524
269 178
12 070
e) 67 l 73 ml and 43 l 82 ml f) 52 l 276 ml and 44 l 954 ml
Solution: Solution:
l ml
l ml
1
67 73 52 276
+4 3 82 +4 4 954
11 0 155 97 230
6. Find the difference of the following.
a) 66 km 348 m from 98 km 127 m b) 38 m 45 m from 67 m 40 cm
Solution Solution
km m m cm
97 1000 66 100
98 127 67 40
- 66 348 - 38 45
31 779 28 95
c) 7 kg 408 g from 9 kg 302 g d) 24 kg 24 g from 57 kg 708 g
Solution Solution
kg g kg g
8 1000 1000
9 302 57 708
- 7 408 - 24 24
7 894 33 68
e) 48 l 609 ml from 68 l 510ml f) 78 l 56ml from 89 l 44 ml
Solution Solution
l ml
67 1000 l ml
68 510 88 1000
89 44
- 48 609
- 78 56
19 901
10 88

107
7. The length of a wool piece is 45 m 23 cm. If it is cut into two pieces and
the length of one piece is 34 m 84 cm, find the length of the other piece.
Solution:
m cm
44 100

length of wool piece = 45 23

length of one piece = + 34 84
length of other piece = 10 39
So the length of the other piece is 10 m 39 cm.
8. A truck has loaded goods with a mass of 169 kg 870 g. If 111 kg 321 g
of more goods were loaded, find the total mass of the goods.
Solution: kg g
1

Mass of loaded goods = 169 870

Mass when more good were loaded = + 1 1 1 321
Total mass of goods = 281 191

So the total mass of goods is 281 kg 191 g.

9. Barrel A has a capacity of 11 l 940 ml and barrel B has a capacity of
25 l 620 ml. Find the difference between their capacities.
Solution: l ml
24 1000

Capacity of barrel B = 25 620

Capacity of barrel A = - 11 940
13 680
difference between thier capacity =
So the difference between the capacities of both barrels is
13 l 680 ml.
10. A dairy shop sold 68 l 200 ml of yoghurt on Saturday and 44 l 875 ml
of yoghurt on Sunday. How much more yoghurt was sold on Saturday
than on Sunday?
Solution l ml
67 1000

Yoghurt ssold on Saturday = 68 200

Yoghurt ssold on Sunday = - 44 875
23 325
Difference between both =
So, 23 l 325 ml more yoghurt was sold on Saturday than on Sunday.

108