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Computer Organization and Architecture, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

CHAPTER 7: INPUT/OUTPUT

TRUE OR FALSE

T F 1. A set of I/O modules is a key element of a computer system.

T F 2. An I/O module must recognize one unique address for each

peripheral it controls.

T F 3. I/O channels are commonly seen on microcomputers, whereas I/O

controllers are used on mainframes.

T F 4. It is the responsibility of the processor to periodically check the

status of the I/O module until it finds that the operation is
complete.

T F 5. With isolated I/O there is a single address space for memory

locations and I/O devices.

T F 6. A disadvantage of memory-mapped I/O is that valuable memory

address space is used up.

T F 7. The disadvantage of the software poll is that it is time consuming.

T F 8. With a daisy chain the processor just picks the interrupt line with
the highest priority.

T F 9. Bus arbitration makes use of vectored interrupts.

T F 10. The rotating interrupt mode allows the processor to inhibit

interrupts from certain devices.

T F 11. Because the 82C55A is programmable via the control register, it

can be used to control a variety of simple peripheral devices.

T F 12. When large volumes of data are to be moved, a more efficient

technique is direct memory access (DMA).

T F 13. An I/O channel has the ability to execute I/O instructions, which
gives it complete control over I/O operations.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.

Computer Organization and Architecture, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

T F 14. A multipoint external interface provides a dedicated line between

the I/O module and the external device.

T F 15. A Thunderbolt compatible peripheral interface is no more

complex than that of a simple USB device.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The _________ contains logic for performing a communication function

between the peripheral and the bus.

A. I/O channel B. I/O module

C. I/O processor D. I/O command

2. The most common means of computer/user interaction is a __________.

A. keyboard/monitor B. mouse/printer

C. modem/printer D. monitor/printer

3. The I/O function includes a _________ requirement to coordinate the flow of

traffic between internal resources and external devices.

A. cycle B. status reporting

C. control and timing D. data

4. An I/O module that takes on most of the detailed processing burden,

presenting a high-level interface to the processor, is usually referred to as an
_________.

A. I/O channel B. I/O command

C. I/O controller D. device controller

5. An I/O module that is quite primitive and requires detailed control is usually
referred to as an _________.

A. I/O command B. I/O controller

C. I/O channel D. I/O processor

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.

Computer Organization and Architecture, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

6. The _________ command causes the I/O module to take an item of data from
the data bus and subsequently transmit that data item to the peripheral.

A. control B. test

C. read D. write

7. The ________ command is used to activate a peripheral and tell it what to do.

A. control B. test

C. read D. write

8. ________ is when the DMA module must force the processor to suspend
operation temporarily.

A. Interrupt B. Thunderbolt

C. Cycle stealing D. Lock down

9. The 8237 DMA is known as a _________ DMA controller.

A. command B. cycle stealing

C. interrupt D. fly-by

10. ________ is a digital display interface standard now widely adopted for
computer monitors, laptop displays, and other graphics and video interfaces.

A. DisplayPort B. PCI Express

C. Thunderbolt D. InfiniBand

11. The ________ layer is the key to the operation of Thunderbolt and what makes
it attractive as a high-speed peripheral I/O technology.

A. cable B. application

C. common transport D. physical

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.

Computer Organization and Architecture, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

12. The Thunderbolt protocol _________ layer is responsible for link maintenance
including hot-plug detection and data encoding to provide highly efficient
data transfer.

A. cable B. application

C. common transport D. physical

13. The ________ contains I/O protocols that are mapped on to the transport layer.

A. cable B. application

C. common transport D. physical

14. A ________ is used to connect storage systems, routers, and other peripheral
devices to an InfiniBand switch.

A. target channel adapter B. InfiniBand switch

C. host channel adapter D. subnet

15. A ________ connects InfiniBand subnets, or connects an InfiniBand switch to a

network such as a local area network, wide area network, or storage area
network.

A. memory controller B. TCA

C. HCA D. router

SHORT ANSWER

1. Interface to the processor and memory via the system bus or central switch
and interface to one or more peripheral devices by tailored data links are two
major functions of an _____________.

2. An external device connected to an I/O module is often referred to as a

__________ device.

3. We can broadly classify external devices into three categories: human

readable, communication, and __________.

4. The U.S. national version of the International Reference Alphabet is referred

to as __________.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.

Computer Organization and Architecture, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

5. The categories for the major functions or requirements for an I/O module
are: control and timing, device communication, data buffering, error
detection, and _________.

6. In __________ mode the I/O module and main memory exchange data directly,
without processor involvement.

7. There are four types of I/O commands that an I/O module may receive when
it is addressed by a processor: control, test, write, and _________.

8. When the processor, main memory, and I/O share a common bus, two modes
of addressing are possible: memory mapped and ________.

9. The ________ is a single-chip, general-purpose I/O module designed for use

with the Intel 80386 processor.

10. A ________ controls multiple high-speed devices and, at any one time, is
dedicated to the transfer of data with one of those devices.

11. In a _________ interface there are multiple lines connecting the I/O module
and the peripheral and multiple bits are transferred simultaneously.

12. In a ________ interface there is only one line used to transmit data and bits
must be transmitted one at a time.

13. The most recent, and fastest, peripheral connection technology to become
available for general-purpose use is __________, developed by Intel with
collaboration from Apple.

14. ________ enables servers, remote storage, and other network devices to be
attached in a central fabric of switches and links, connecting up to 64,000
servers, storage systems, and networking devices.

15. A ________ machine is an instance of an operating system along with one or

more applications running in an isolated memory partition within the
computer, enabling different operating systems to run in the same computer
at the same time, as well as preventing applications from interfering with
each other.

© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.

Other documents randomly have
different content
"He that goes softly goes safely."—Not among thieves.
"Nothing hurts the stomach more than surfeiting."—Yes; lack of
meat.
"Nothing is hard to a willing mind."—Surely; for every body is willing
to get money, but to many it is hard.
"None so blind as those that will not see."—Yes; those who can not
see.
"Nothing but what is good for something."—"Nothing" isn't good for
any thing.
"Nothing but what has an end."—A ring hath no end; for it is round.
"Money is a great comfort."—But not when it brings a thief to the
State Prison.
"The world is a long journey."—Not always; for the sun goes over it
every day.
"It is a great way to the bottom of the sea."—Not at all; it is merely
"a stone's throw."
"A friend is best found in adversity."—"No, sir;" for then there are
none to be found.
"The pride of the rich makes the labor of the poor."—By no manner
of means. The labor of the poor makes the pride of the rich.

The following lines, accompanying a trifling present, are not an

unworthy model for those who wish to say a kind word in the most
felicitous way:

"Not want of heart, but want of art

Hath made my gift so small;
 Then, loving heart, take hearty love,
To make amends for all.
Take gift with heart, and heart with gift,
Let will supply my want;
For willing heart, nor hearty will,
Nor is, nor shall be scant."
Please to observe how adroitly an unforced play upon words is
embodied in these eight lines.

There is "more truth than poetry" in the subjoined Extract from a

Modern Dictionary.
The Grave.—An ugly hole in the ground, which lovers and poets very
often wish they were in, but at the same time take precious good
care to keep out of.
Constable.—A species of snapping-turtle.
Modesty.—A beautiful flower, that flourishes only in secret places.
Lawyer.—A learned gentleman who rescues your estate from the
hands of your opponent, and keeps it himself.
"My Dear."—An expression used by man and wife at the
commencement of a quarrel.
"Joining Hands" in Matrimony.—A custom arising from the practice of
pugilists shaking hands before they begin to fight.
"Watchman."—A man employed by the corporation to sleep in the
open air.
Laughter.—A singular contortion of the human countenance, when a
friend, on a rainy day, suddenly claims his umbrella.
Dentist.—A person who finds work for his own teeth by taking out
those of other people.

A singular anecdote of Thomas Chittenden the first Governor of the

State of Vermont, has found its way into our capacious receptacle.
"Mum," said he, one night (his usual way of addressing his wife),
"Mum, who is that stepping so softly in the kitchen?"
It was midnight, and every soul in the house was asleep, save the
Governor and his companion. He left his bed as stealthily as he
possibly could, followed the intruder into the cellar, and, without
himself being perceived, heard him taking large pieces of pork out of
his meat-barrel, and stowing them away in a bag.
"Who's there?" exclaimed the Governor, in a stern, stentorian voice,
as the intruder began to make preparations to "be off."
The thief shrank back into the corner, as mute as a dead man.
"Bring a candle, Mum!"
The Governor's wife went for the light.
"What are you waiting for, Mr. Robber, Thief, or whatever your
Christian-name may be?" said the Governor.
The guilty culprit shook as if his very joints would be sundered.
"Come, sir," continued Governor Chittenden, "fill up your sack and be
off, and don't be going round disturbing honest people so often,
when they want to be taking their repose."
The thief, dumb-founded, now looked more frightened than ever.
"Be quick, man," said the Governor, "fill up, sir! I shall make but few
words with you!"
He was compelled to comply.
"Have you got enough, now? Begone, then, in one minute! When
you have devoured this, come again in the day-time, and I'll give
you more, rather than to have my house pillaged at such an hour as
this. One thing more, let me tell you, and that is, that, as sure as
fate, if I ever have the smallest reason to suspect you of another
such an act, the law shall be put in force, and the dungeon receive
another occupant. Otherwise, you may still run at large for any thing
that I shall do."
The man went away, and was never afterward known to commit an
immoral act.

This story is related, as a veritable fact, of a Dutch justice, residing

in the pleasant valley of the Mohawk not a thousand miles from the
city of Schenectady:
He kept a small tavern, and was not remarkable for the acuteness of
his mental perceptions, nor would it appear was at least one of his
customers much better off in the matter of "gumption." One
morning a man stepped in and bought a bottle of small-beer. He
stood talking a few minutes, and by-and-by said:
"I am sorry I purchased this beer. I wish you would exchange it for
some crackers and cheese to the same amount."
The simple-minded Boniface readily assented, and the man took the
plate of crackers and cheese, and ate them. As he was going out,
the old landlord hesitatingly reminded him that he hadn't paid for
them.
"Yes, I did," said the customer; "I gave you the beer for 'em."
"Vell den, I knowsh dat; but den you haven't give me de monish for
de beersh."
"But I didn't take the beer: there stands the same bottle now!"
The old tavern-keeper was astounded. He looked sedate and
confused; but all to no purpose was his laborious thinking. The case
was still a mystery.
"Vell den," said he, at length, "I don't zee how it ish: I got de beersh
—yaäs, I got de beersh; but den, same times, I got no monish! Vell,
you keeps de grackers—und—gheese; but I don't want any more o'
your gustoms. You can keeps away from my davern!"

Some years ago, at the Hartford (Conn.) Retreat for the Insane,
under the excellent management of Doctor B——, a party used
occasionally to be given, to which those who are called "sane" were
also invited; and as they mingled together in conversation,
promenading, dancing, &c., it was almost impossible for a stranger
to tell "which was which."
On one of these pleasant occasions a gentleman-visitor was "doing
the agreeable" to one of the ladies, and inquired how long she had
been in the Retreat. She told him; and he then went on to make
inquiries concerning the institution, to which she rendered very
intelligent answers; and when he asked her, "How do you like the
Doctor?" she gave him such assurances of her high regard for the
physician, that the stranger was entirely satisfied of the Doctor's
high popularity among his patients, and he went away without being
made aware that his partner was no other than the Doctor's wife!
She tells the story herself, with great zest; and is very frequently
asked by her friends, who know the circumstances, "how she likes
the Doctor!"
A fine and quaint thought is this, of the venerable Archbishop
Leighton:
"Riches oftentimes, if nobody take them away, make to themselves
wings, and fly away; and truly, many a time the undue sparing of
them is but letting their wings grow, which makes them ready to fly
away; and the contributing a part of them to do good only clips their
wings a little, and makes them stay the longer with their owner."
This last consideration may perhaps be made "operative" with
certain classes of the opulent.

Is not the following anecdote of the late King of the French not only
somewhat characteristic, but indicative of a superior mind?
Lord Brougham was dining with the King in the unceremonious
manner in which he was wont to delight to withdraw himself from
the trammels of state, and the conversation was carried on entirely
as if between two equals. His Majesty (inter alia) remarked:
"I am the only sovereign now in Europe fit to fill a throne."
Lord Brougham, somewhat staggered by this piece of egotism,
muttered out some trite compliments upon the great talent for
government which his royal entertainer had always displayed, &c.,
when the King burst into a fit of laughter, and exclaimed:
"No, no; that isn't what I mean; but kings are at such a discount in
our days, that there is no knowing what may happen; and I am the
only monarch who has cleaned his own boots—and I can do it
again!"
His own reverses followed so soon after, that the "exiled Majesty of
France" must have remembered this conversation.
Mrs. P. was a dumpy little Englishwoman, with whom and her
husband we once performed the voyage of the Danube from Vienna
to Constantinople. She was essentially what the English call "a nice
person," and as adventurous a little body as ever undertook the
journey "from Cheapside to Cairo." She had left home a bride, to
winter at Naples, intending to return in the spring. But both she and
her husband had become so fascinated with travel, that they had
pushed on from Italy to Greece, and from Greece to Asia Minor. In
the latter country, they made the tour of the Seven Churches—a
pilgrimage in which it was our fortune afterward to follow them.
Upon one occasion, somewhere near Ephesus, they were fallen upon
by a lot of vagabonds, and Mr. P. got most unmercifully beaten. His
wife did not stop to calculate the damage, but whipping up her
horse, rode on some two miles further, where she awaited in safety
her discomfited lord. Upon the return of the warm season, our
friends had gone up to Ischl in the Tyrol, to spend the summer, and
when we had the pleasure of meeting them, they were "en route"
for Syria, the Desert, and Egypt.
Mrs. P., although a most amiable woman, had a perverse prejudice
against America and the Americans. Among other things, she could
not be convinced that any thing like refinement among females
could possibly exist on this side of the Atlantic. We did our utmost to
dispel this very singular illusion, but we do not think that we ever
entirely succeeded. Upon one occasion, when we insisted upon her
giving us something more definite than mere general reasons for her
belief, she answered us in substance as follows: She had met, the
summer before, she said, at Ischl, a gentleman and his wife from
New York, who were posting in their own carriage, and traveling
with all the appendages of wealth. They were well-meaning people,
she declared, but shockingly coarse. That they were representatives
of the best class at home, she could not help assuming. Had she
met them in London or Paris, however, she said, she might have
thought them mere adventurers, come over for a ten days' trip. The
lady, she continued, used to say the most extraordinary things
imaginable. Upon one occasion, when they were walking together,
they saw, coming toward them, a gentleman of remarkably
attenuated form. The American, turning to her companion, declared
that the man was so thin, that if he were to turn a quid of tobacco,
from one cheek to the other, he would lose his balance and fall over.
This was too much for even our chivalry, and for the moment we
surrendered at discretion.
Our traveling companion for the time was a young Oxonian, a
Lancashire man of family and fortune. T. C. was (good-naturedly, of
course,) almost as severe upon us Americans as was Mrs. P. One
rather chilly afternoon, he and ourselves were sitting over the fire in
the little cabin of the steamer smoking most delectable "Latakea,"
when he requested us to pass him the tongues (meaning the tongs).
"The what!" we exclaimed.
"The tongues," he repeated.
"Do you mean the tongs?" we asked.
"The tongs! and do you call them tongs? Come, now, that is too
good," was his reply.
"We do call them the tongs, and we speak properly when we call
them so," we rejoined, a little nettled at his contemptuous tone;
"and, if you please, we will refer the matter for decision to Mrs. P.,
but upon this condition only, that she shall be simply asked the
proper pronunciation of the word, without its being intimated to her
which of us is for tongues, and which for tongs." We accordingly
proceeded at once to submit the controversy to our fair arbitrator.
Our adversary was the spokesman, and he had hardly concluded
when Mrs. P. threw up her little fat hands, and exclaimed, as soon as
the laughter, which almost suffocated her, permitted her to do so,
"Now, you don't mean to say that you are barbarous enough to say
tongues in America?" It was our turn, then, to laugh, and we took
advantage of it.
A pilgrim from the back woods, who has just been awakened from a
Rip-Van-Winkleish existence of a quarter of a century by the steam-
whistle of the Erie Railroad, recently came to town to see the sights
—Barnum's anacondas and the monkeys at the Astor Place Opera
House included. Our friend, who is of a decidedly benevolent and
economical turn of mind, while walking up Broadway, hanging on
our arm, the day after his arrival, had his attention attracted to a
watering-cart which was ascending the street and spasmodically
sprinkling the pavement. Suddenly darting off from the wing of our
protection, our companion rushed after the man of Croton, at the
same time calling out to him at the top of his voice, "My friend! my
friend! your spout behind is leaking; and if you are not careful you
will lose all the water in your barrel!"
He of the cart made no reply, but merely drawing down the lid of his
eye with his fore-finger, "went on his way rejoicing."

The following epigram was written upon a certain individual who has
rendered himself notorious, if not famous, in these parts. His name
we suppress, leaving it to the ingenuity of the reader to place the
cap upon whatever head he thinks that it will best fit:

"'Tis said that Balaam had a beast,

The wonder of his time;
A stranger one, as strange at least,
The subject of my rhyme;
One twice as full of talk and gas,
And at the same time twice—the ass!"

Among the many good stories told of that ecclesiastical wag, Sydney
Smith, the following is one which we believe has never appeared in
print, and which we give upon the authority of a gentleman
representing himself to have been present at the occurrence.
Mr. Smith had a son who, as is frequently the case with the offshoots
of clergymen (we suppose from a certain unexplained antagonism in
human nature)—

"——ne in virtue's ways did take delight,

But spent his days in riot most uncouth,
And vex'd with mirth the drowsy ear of night,
Ah, me! in sooth he was a shameless wight,
Sore given to revel and ungodly glee!"

So fast indeed was this young gentleman, that for several years he
was excluded from the parental domicile. At length, however, the
prodigal repented, and his father took him home upon his entering
into a solemn engagement to mend his ways and his manners.
Shortly after the reconciliation had taken place, Mr. Smith gave a
dinner-party, and one of his guests was Sumner, the present Bishop
of Winchester. Before dinner, the facetious clergyman took his son
aside, and endeavored to impress upon him the necessity of his
conducting himself with the utmost propriety in the distinguished
company to which he was about to be introduced. "Charles, my
boy," he said, "I intend placing you at table next to the bishop; and I
hope that you will make an effort to get up some conversation which
may prove interesting to his lordship." Charles promised faithfully to
do as his father requested.
At the dinner the soup was swallowed with the usual gravity. In the
interval before the fish, hardly a word was spoken, and the silence
was becoming positively embarrassing, when all of a sudden,
Charles attracted the attention of all at table to himself, by asking
the dignitary upon his right if he would do him the favor to answer a
Scriptural question which had long puzzled him. Upon Doctor
Sumner's promising to give the best explanation in his power, the
questioner, with a quizzical expression of countenance, begged to be
informed, "how long it took Nebuchadnezzar to get into condition
after he returned from grass?"
It is needless to say that a hearty laugh echoed this professional
inquiry on every side, and how unanimously young Smith was voted
a genuine chip off the old block.

Miss C——, of the Fifth Avenue, was complaining the other day to
Mrs. F——, of Bond-street, that she could never go shopping without
taking cold, because the shops are kept open, and not closed like
the rooms of a house. Mrs. F—— thereupon dryly advised her friend
to confine her visits to Stewart's and Beck's to Sundays.

Some one says that the reason why so few borrowed books are ever
returned, is because it is so much easier to keep them than what is
in them.

The following matrimonial dialogue was accidentally overheard one

day last week on the piazza of the United States Hotel at Saratoga.
Wife.—"My dear, I can not, for the life of me, recollect where I have
put my pink bonnet."
Husband.—"Very likely. You have so many bonnets and so little
head!"
Mr. Andrew Jackson Allen, who was one of the prominent witnesses
in the recent Forrest Divorce case, is evidently an original. While
passing up the Bowery the other day, our editorial eye was attracted
by a curious sign on the east side of the street, and we crossed over
for the purpose of more conveniently reading it. It was as follows:
ALLEN
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
COSTUMER.
FOOD FOR THE HUNGRY, DRINK FOR THE DRY,
REST FOR THE WEARY, AND TOGGERY FOR THE NAKED,
WHERE YOU CAN BLOOM OUT IF YOU PLEASE.

And under this was a smaller sign upon which was inscribed the
following piece of Macawber-like advice:
CHERISH HOPE
AND
TRUST TO FORTUNE.

We take the liberty of expressing our desire that Mr. Allen may be as
fortunate (if he has not already been so) in having something "turn
up" in the end, as was the illustrious Wilkins of "hopeful" and
"trustful" memory.

Two of our lady friends were reading, the other day, Byron's
"Prisoner of Chillon." We intended to say that the one lady was
pretending to read it aloud to the other lady. No woman ever has
been, now is, or ever will be, capable of listening without
interrupting. So that at the very commencement when the reader
read the passage,

"Nor grew it white

In a single night
 As man's have grown from sudden fears—"
the readee interposed as follows: "White? How odd, to be sure. Well,
I know nothing about men's hair; but there is our friend, Mrs. G——,
of Twelfth-street, the lady who has been just twenty-nine years old
for the last fifteen years; her husband died, you know, last winter, at
which misfortune her grief was so intense that her hair turned
completely black within twenty-four hours after the occurrence of
that sad event."
This bit of verbal annotation satisfied us, and we withdrew.

Epitaphs are notoriously hyperbolical. It is refreshing occasionally to

meet with one which is terse, business-like, and to the point. Such
an one any antiquarian may find, who has the patience to hunt it
out, upon the tombstone of a juvenile pilgrim father (in embryo)
somewhere in the New Haven graveyard. For fear that it may not be
found in the first search, we give it from memory.

"Since I so very soon was done for,

I wonder what I was begun for."
 Literary Notices.
A new work, by George W. Curtis (the Howadji of Oriental travel),
entitled Lotus-Eating, published by Harper and Brothers, is a
delightful reminiscence of Summer Rambles, describing some of the
most attractive points of American scenery, with impressions of life
at famous watering-places, and suggestive comparisons with
celebrated objects of interest in Europe. Dreamy, imaginative,
romantic, but reposing on a basis of the healthiest reality—tinged
with the richest colors of poetry, but full of shrewd observation and
mischievous humor—clothed in delicate and dainty felicities of
language—this volume is what its title indicates—the reverie of a
summer's pastime, and should be read in summer haunts,
accompanied with the music of the sea-shore or breezy hill-sides.
Although claiming no higher character than a pleasant book of light
reading, it will enhance the reputation of the author both at home
and abroad, as one of the most picturesque and original of American
writers.
A New Harmony and Exposition of the Gospels, by James Strong. This
elaborate volume, intended for the popular illustration of the New
Testament, consists of a parallel and combined arrangement of the
Four Gospel Narratives, a continuous commentary with brief
additional notes, and a supplement containing several chronological
and topographical dissertations. The Harmony is constructed on a
novel plan, combining the methods of Newcome and Townsend, and
securing the conveniences of both, without the defects of either. A
continuous narrative is formed by the selection of a leading text,
while at the same time, the different narratives are preserved in
parallel columns, so that they may be examined and compared with
perfect facility. The Exposition of the text is given in the form of a
free translation of the original, in which the sense of the sacred
writers is expressed in modern phraseology, and slightly
paraphrased. This was the most delicate portion of the author's task.
The venerable simplicity of the inspired volume can seldom be
departed from, without a violation of good taste. As a general rule, a
strict adherence to the original language best preserves its
significance and beauty. This was the plan adopted by the
translators of the received version, and their admirable judgment in
this respect, is evinced by the fact that almost every modern attempt
to improve upon their labors has been a failure. No new translations
have even approached the place of the received one, in the
estimation either of the people or of scholars, while many, with the
best intentions, no doubt, on the part of their authors, present only
a painful caricature of the original. Mr. Strong has done well in
avoiding some of the most prominent faults of his predecessors. He
has generally succeeded in preserving the logical connection of
thought, which often appears in a clearer light in his paraphrase. His
explanation of passages alluding to ancient manners and customs is
highly satisfactory and valuable. But to our taste, he frequently errs
by the ambitious rhetorical language in which he has clothed the
discourses of the Great Teacher. The reverent simplicity of the
original is but poorly reproduced by the florid phrases of modern
oratory. In this way, the sacred impression produced by the
Evangelists is injured, a lower tone of feeling is substituted, and the
refined religious associations connected with their purity of language
is sacrificed to the intellectual clearness which is aimed at by a more
liberal use of rhetorical expressions than a severe and just taste
would warrant. With this exception, we regard the present work as
an important and valuable contribution to biblical literature. It
displays extensive research, various and sound learning, and
indefatigable patience. The numerous engravings with which the
volume is illustrated, are selected from the most authentic sources,
and are well adapted to throw light on the principal localities alluded
to in the text, as well as attractive by their fine pictorial effect. We
have no doubt that the labors of the studious author will be
welcomed by his fellow students of the sacred writings, by preachers
of the Gospel, and by Sunday School teachers, no less than by the
great mass of private Christians of every persuasion, who can not
consult his volume without satisfaction and advantage. (Published by
Lane and Scott.)
A valuable manual of ecclesiastical statistics is furnished by Fox and
Hoyt's Quadrennial Register of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of
which the first Number has been recently published by Case, Tiffany,
and Co., Hartford. It is intended to exhibit the condition, economy,
institutions, and resources of the Methodist Episcopal Church in this
country, in a form adapted to popular use and general reference.
Among the contents of this Number, we find a complete Report of
the General Conference for 1852, a copious Church Directory, an
Abstract of the Discipline of the Church, a list of the Seminaries of
Learning and their officers, and a general view of the various
religious denominations in this country. The work evinces a great
deal of research, and the compilers have evidently spared no pains
to give it the utmost fullness of detail as well as accuracy of
statement. It does credit both to their judgment and diligence. To
the clergy of the Methodist Church it will prove an indispensable
companion in their journeys and labors. Nor is it confined in its
interest to that persuasion of Christians. Whoever has occasion to
consult an ecclesiastical directory, will find this volume replete with
useful information, arranged in a very convenient method, and
worthy of implicit reliance for its general correctness.
A new edition of The Mother at Home, by John S. C. Abbott, with
copious additions and numerous engravings, is published by Harper
and Brothers. The favor with which this work has been universally
received by the religious public renders any exposition of its merits a
superfluous task.
We have received the second volume of Lippincott, Grambo & Co.'s
elegant and convenient edition of The Waverley Novels, containing
The Antiquary, The Black Dwarf, and Old Mortality. With the
Introduction and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, and the beautiful style of
typography in which it is issued, this edition leaves nothing to be
desired by the most fastidious book-fancier.
Another work in the department of historical romance, by Henry
William Herbert, has been issued by Redfield. It is entitled The
Knights of England, France, and Scotland, and consists of "Legends
of the Norman Conquerors," "Legends of the Crusaders," "Legends
of Feudal Days," and "Legends of Scotland." Mr. Herbert has a quick
and accurate eye for the picturesque features of the romantic Past;
he pursues the study of history with the soul of the poet; and
skillfully availing himself of the most striking traditions and incidents,
has produced a series of fascinating portraitures. Whoever would
obtain a vivid idea of the social and domestic traits of France and
Great Britain in the olden time, should not fail to read the life-like
descriptions of this volume.
Marco Paul's Voyages and Travels, by Jacob Abbott (published by
Harper and Brothers), is another series for juvenile reading from the
prolific pen of the writer, who, in his peculiar department of
composition, stands without a rival. It is Mr. Abbott's forte to
describe familiar scenes in a manner which attracts and charms
every variety of taste. He produces this effect by his remarkable
keenness of observation, the facility with which he detects the
relations and analogies of common things, his unpretending
naturalness of illustration, and his command of the racy, home-bred,
idiomatic language of daily life, never descending, however, to slang
or vulgarity. The series now issued describes the adventures of
Marco Paul in New York, on the Erie Canal, in Maine, in Vermont, in
Boston, and at the Springfield Armory. It is emphatically an American
work. No American child can read it without delight and instruction.
But it will not be confined to the juvenile library. Presenting a vivid
commentary on American society, manners, scenery, and
institutions, it has a powerful charm for readers of all ages. It will do
much to increase the great popularity of Mr. Abbott as an instructor
of the people.
Among the valuable educational works of the past month, we notice
Woodbury's Shorter Course with the German Language, presenting
the main features of the author's larger work on a reduced scale.
(Published by Leavitt and Allen.)—Kiddle's Manual of Astronomy, an
excellent practical treatise on the elementary principles of the
science, with copious Exercises on the Use of the Globes (published
by Newman and Ivison),—and Russell's University Speaker,
containing an admirable selection of pieces for declamation and
recitation. (published by J. Munroe and Co.)
Summer Gleanings, is the title of a book for the season by Rev. John
Todd, consisting of sketches and incidents of a pastor's vacation,
adventures of forest life, legends of American history, and tales of
domestic experience. A right pleasant book it is, and "good for the
use of edifying" withal. Lively description, touching pathos, playful
humor, and useful reflection, are combined in its pages in a manner
to stimulate and reward attention. Every where it displays a keen
and vigorous mind, a genuine love of rural scenes, a habit of acute
observation, and an irrepressible taste for gayety and good-humor,
which the author wisely deems compatible with the prevailing
religious tone of his work. Among the best pieces, to our thinking,
are "The Poor Student," "The Doctor's Third Patient," and "The
Young Lamb," though all will well repay perusal. (Northampton:
Hopkins, Bridgman and Co.)
The concluding volume of The History of the United States, by
Richard Hildreth, is issued by Harper and Brothers, comprising the
period from the commencement of the Tenth Congress, in 1807, to
the close of the Sixteenth, in 1821. This period, including the whole
of Madison's administration, with a portion of that of Jefferson and
of Monroe, is one of the most eventful in American history, and
sustains a close relation to the existing politics of the country. No
one can expect an absolute impartiality in the historian of such a
recent epoch. Mr. Hildreth's narrative is undoubtedly colored, to a
certain degree, by his political convictions and preferences, which, as
we have seen, in the last volume, are in favor of the old Federal
party; but, he may justly challenge the merit of diligent research in
the collection of facts, and acute judgment in the comparison and
sifting of testimony, and a prevailing fairness in the description of
events. He never suffers the feelings of a partisan to prejudice the
thoroughness of his investigations; but always remains clear, calm,
philosophical, vigilant, and imperturbable. His condensation of the
debates in Congress, on several leading points of dispute, exhibits
the peculiarities of the respective debaters in a lucid manner, and
will prove of great value for political reference. His notices of Josiah
Quincy, John Quincy Adams, Madison, Monroe, and Henry Clay, are
among the topics on which there will be wide differences of opinion;
but they can not fail to attract attention. The style of Mr. Hildreth, in
the present volume, preserves the characteristics, which we have
remarked in noticing the previous volumes. Occasionally careless, it
is always vigorous, concise, and transparent. He never indulges in
any license of the imagination, never makes a display of his skill in
fine writing, and never suffers you to mistake his meaning. Too
uniform and severe for the romance of history, it is an admirable
vehicle for the exhibition of facts, and for this reason, we believe
that Mr. Hildreth's work will prove an excellent introduction to the
study of American history.
We congratulate the admirers of Fitz-Greene Halleck—and what
reader of American poetry is not his admirer—on a new edition of his
Poetical Works, recently issued by Redfield, containing the old
familiar and cherished pieces, with some extracts from a hitherto
unpublished poem. The fame of Halleck is identified with the
literature of his country. The least voluminous of her great poets,
few have won a more beautiful, or a more permanent reputation—a
more authentic claim to the sacred title of poet. Combining a profuse
wealth of fancy with a strong and keen intellect, he tempers the
passages in which he most freely indulges in a sweet and tender
pathos, with an elastic vigor of thought, and dries the tears which he
tempts forth, by sudden flashes of gayety, making him one of the
most uniformly piquant of modern poets. His expressions of
sentiment never fall languidly; he opens the fountains of the heart
with the master-touch of genius; his humor is as gracious and
refined as it is racy; and, abounding in local allusions, he gives such
a point and edge to their satire, that they outlive the occasions of
their application, and may be read with as much delight at the
present time as when the parties and persons whom they
commemorate were in full bloom. The terseness of Mr. Halleck's
language is in admirable harmony with his vivacity of thought and
richness of fancy, and in this respect presents a most valuable object
of study for young poets.
Mysteries; or, Glimpses of the Supernatural, by C. W. Elliott.
(Published by Harper and Brothers.) This is an original work, treating
of certain manifestations on the "Night-Side of Nature," in a critico-
historical tone, rather than in either a dogmatic or a skeptical spirit.
"The Salem Witchcraft," "The Cock-Lane Ghost," "The Rochester
Knockings," "The Stratford Mysteries," are some of the weird topics
on which it discourses, if not lucidly, yet genially and quaintly. The
author has evidently felt a "vocation" to gather all the facts that
have yet come to light on these odd hallucinations, and he sets them
forth with a certain grave naïveté and mock Carlylese eloquence,
which give a readable character to his volume, in spite of the
repulsiveness of its themes. Of his discreet non-committalism we
have a good specimen in the close of the chapter on the "The
Stratford Mysteries," of which the Rev. Dr. Phelps is the chief
hierophant. "Here the case must rest; we would not willingly charge
upon any one deliberate exaggeration or falsehood, nor would any
fair-minded person decide that what seems novel and surprising is
therefore false. Every sane person will appeal to the great laws of
God ever present in history and in his own consciousness, and by
these he will try the spirits, whether they be of God or of man. The
great jury of the public opinion will decide this thing also; we have
much of the evidence before us. The burden of proof, however, rests
with Dr. Phelps himself. Fortunately he is a man of character,
property, and position, and he chooses to stand where he does; no
man will hinder him if none heed him. Many believe, but may be
thankful for any help to their unbelief. Many more will be strongly
disposed to exclaim when they shall have read through this mass of
evidence—'It began with nothing, it has ended with nothing.' Ex
nihil, nihil fit!"
A perfect and liberal scheme has been matured, for the publication
of a complete edition of the Church Historians of England, from Bede
to Foxe. The plan is worthy of support, and a large number of
subscribers have already enrolled their names. The terms of
publication are moderate, and the projectors give the best
guarantees of good faith.

Among recent English reprints worthy of notice are Papers on

Literary and Philosophical Subjects, by Patrick C. Macdougall,
Professor of Moral Philosophy in New College, Edinburgh. They are
collected from various periodicals, and appear to be published at
present with a view to the author's candidateship for the Ethical
chair in the University of Edinburgh. The Essays on Sir James
Mackintosh, Jonathan Edwards, and Dr. Chalmers display high
literary taste as well as philosophical talent.

Mr. Kingsley, the author of Alton Locke, Yeast, and other works, has
published Sermons on National Subjects, which are marked by the
originality of thought and force of utterance which characterize all
this author's writings. Some of the sermons are very much above the
reach of village audiences to which they were addressed, and in type
will find a more fitting circle of intelligent admirers. There is much,
however, throughout the volume suited to instruct the minds and
improve the hearts of the humblest hearers, while the principles
brought out in regard to national duties and responsibilities, rewards
and punishments, are worthy of the attention of all thoughtful men.
A new English translation of the Republic of Plato, with an
introduction, analysis, and notes, by John Llewellyn Davies, M.A., and
David James Vaughan, M.A., Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, is a
valuable contribution to the study of classic literature. The
translation is done in a scholar-like way, and in the analysis and
introduction the editors show that they enter into the spirit of their
author as well as understand the letter of his work, which is more
than can be said of the greater number of University translations.
The text of the Zurich edition of 1847 has been generally followed,
and the German translation of Schneider has evidently afforded
guidance in the rendering of various passages.

The Life of David Macbeth Moir, by Thomas Aird, says the London
Critic, is every way worthy of Mr. Aird's powers. It is written in a
calm, dignified, yet rich and poetical style. It is an offering to the
memory of dear, delightful "Delta," equally valuable from the
tenderness which dictated it, and from the intrinsic worth of the gift.
Aird and "Delta" were intimate friends. They had many qualities in
common. Both were distinguished by genuine simplicity and sincerity
of character, by a deep love for nature, for poetry, and for "puir auld
Scotland;" and by unobtrusive, heart-felt piety. "Delta" had not equal
power and originality of genius with his friend; but his vein was
more varied, clearer, smoother, and more popular. There was, in
another respect, a special fitness in Aird becoming "Delta's"
biographer. He was with him when he was attacked by his last
illness. He watched his dying bed, received his last blessing, and last
sigh. And religiously has he discharged the office thus sadly
devolved on him.

The fourth and last volume of The Life of Chalmers, by Dr. Hanna, is
principally devoted to the connection of Chalmers with the Free
Church movement. The Athenæum says: "Altogether, Dr. Hanna is to
be congratulated on the manner in which he has fulfilled the
important task on which he has now for several years been engaged.
Dr. Chalmers is a man whose life and character may well engage
many writers; but no one possessed such materials as Dr. Hanna for
writing a biography so full and detailed as was in this case
demanded. The four volumes which he has laid before the public are
not only an ample discharge of his special obligations as regards his
splendid subject, but also a much needed example of the manner in
which biographies of this kind, combining original narrative with
extracts from writings and correspondence, ought to be written."

A meeting of literary men has been held at Lansdowne House, for

the purpose of raising a fund for erecting a monument to the late Sir
James Mackintosh. The proposal for a monument was moved by Mr.
T. B. Macaulay, seconded by Lord Mahon. Mr. Hallam moved the
appointment of a committee, which was seconded by Lord
Broughton, Lord Lansdowne agreeing to act as chairman, and Sir R.
H. Inglis as secretary. We are glad to see literary men of all political
parties uniting in this tribute of honor to one of the greatest and
best men of whom his country could boast.

At the sixty-third anniversary of the Royal Literary Fund, Lord

Campbell presided effectively; and, after stating that he owed his
success in law to the fostering aid of his labors in literature, he held
out hopes that he may yet live to produce a work which shall give
him a better title to a name in literature than he has yet earned.
Pleasant speeches were made by Justice Talfourd, Mr. Monckton
Milnes, Chevalier Bunsen, Mr. Abbott Lawrence, and especially by Mr.
Thackeray, who improved the event of the coming year of the
society's existence—that Mr. Disraeli, M.P., is to be chairman of the
anniversary of 1853. The funds of the past year had been £600
more than in any former year.

William Maccall in The People, gives the following graphic account of

his first interview with John Stirling. "Sometime in March, 1841, I
was traveling by coach from Bristol to Devonport. I had for
companion part of the way a tall, thin gentleman, evidently in bad
health, but with a cheerful, gallant look which repelled pity. We soon
got into conversation. I was much impressed by his brilliant and
dashing speech, so much like a rapid succession of impetuous
cavalry charges; but I was still more impressed by his frankness, his
friendliness, his manliness. A sort of heroic geniality seemed to hang
on his very garments. We talked about German literature; then
about Carlyle. I said that the only attempt at an honest and
generous appreciation of Carlyle's genius was a recent article in The
Westminster Review. My companion replied, 'I wrote that article. My
name is John Sterling.' We seemed to feel a warmer interest in each
other from that moment; and, by quick instinct, we saw that we
were brothers in God's Universe, though we might never be brought
very near each other in brotherhood on earth. Sterling left me at
Exeter, and a few days after my arrival at Devonport I received a
letter, which leavens my being with new life, every time I read it, by
its singular tenderness and elevation."

The English literary journals are always suggestive, often amusing,

and sometimes not a little "verdant," as the Yankees say, in their
notices of American books. We subjoin a few of their criticisms on
recent popular works. Of Queechy, by Elizabeth Wetherell, the
Literary Gazette discourses as follows: "The authoress of 'Queechy'
has every quality of a good writer save one. Good feeling, good
taste, fancy, liveliness, shrewd observation of character, love of
nature, and considerable skill in the management of a story—all
these she possesses. But she has yet to learn how much brevity is
the soul of wit. Surely she must live in some most quiet nook of 'the
wide, wide world,' and the greater part of her American readers
must have much of the old Dutch patience and the primitive leisure
of the days of Rip Van Winkle. Doubtless the book will have admirers
as ardent in the parlors of Boston as in the farm-houses of the far
West, who will make no complaints of prolixity, and will wish the
book longer even than it is. There is a large circle in this country also
to whom it will be faultless. The good people who take for gold
whatever glitters on the shelves of their favorite booksellers, will be
delighted with a work far superior to the dreary volumes of
commonplace which are prepared for the use of what is called 'the
religious public.' But we fear that those to whom such a book would
be the most profitable will deem 'Queechy' somewhat tiresome. The
story is too much drawn out, and many of the dialogues and
descriptions would be wonderfully improved by condensation."

The Athenæum has a decent notice of Curtis's Howadji in Syria,

which by the by, has got metamorphosed into The Wanderer in
Syria, in the London edition.
"It is about a year since we noticed a book of Eastern travel called
'Nile Notes'—evidently by a new writer, and evincing his possession
of various gifts and graces—warmth of imagination, power of poetic
coloring, and a quick perception of the ludicrous in character and in
incident. We assumed that an author of so much promise would be
heard of again in the literary arena; and accordingly he is now
before us as 'The Wanderer in Syria,' and has further announced a
third work under the suggestive title of 'Lotus-Eating.' 'The
Wanderer' is a continuation of the author's travels—and is divided
between the Desert, Jerusalem, and Damascus. It is in the same
style of poetic reverie and sentimental scene-painting as 'Nile
Notes,'—but it shows that Mr. Curtis has more than one string to his
harp. The characteristic of his former volume was a low, sad
monotone—the music of the Memnon, in harmony with the
changeless sunshine and stagnant life of Egypt—with the silence of
its sacred river and the sepulchral grandeur of its pyramids and
buried cities. 'The Wanderer,' on the contrary, is never melancholy.
There is in him a prevailing sense of repose, but the spirit breathes
easily, and the languid hour is followed by bracing winds from
Lebanon. There is the same warm sunshine,—but the gorgeous
colors and infinite varieties of Eastern life are presented with greater
vivacity and grace.
"Mr. Curtis's fault is that of Ovid—an over-lusciousness of style—too
great a fondness for color. He cloys the appetite with sweetness. His
aim as a writer should be to obtain a greater depth and variety of
manner—more of contrast in his figures. He is rich in natural gifts,
and time and study will probably develop in him what is yet wanting
of artistic skill and taste.
"Of Mr. Curtis's latest work, entitled 'Lotus-Eating; a Summer Book,'
the Literary Gazette says:
"A very cheerful and amusing, but always sensible and intelligent
companion is Mr. Curtis. Whether on the Nile or the Hudson, on the
Broadway of New York or the Grand Canal of Venice, we have one
whose remarks are worth listening to. Not very original in his
thoughts, nor very deep in his feelings, we yet read with pleasant
assent the record of almost every thing that he thinks and feels. This
new summer book is a rough journal of a ramble in the States, but
every chapter is full of reminiscences of the old European world, and
an agreeable medley he makes of his remarks on scenery, and
history, and literature, and mankind. Mr. Curtis is one of the most
cosmopolitan writers that America has yet produced. This light
volume is fittingly called a summer book, just such as will be read
with pleasure on the deck of a steamer, or under the cliffs of some
of our modern Baiæ. It may also teach thoughtless tourists how to
reflect on scenes through which they travel."
The question whether the honor of the authorship of the "Imitation
of Jesus Christ," a work held in the highest esteem in the Roman
Catholic church, and which has been translated into almost every
living language, belongs to John Gersen or Gesson, supposed to
have been an abbot of the order of Saint Benedict, at the beginning
of the fourteenth century, or to Thomas à Kempis, monk of the order
of Regular Canons of the monastery of Mount Saint Agnes, has given
rise to an immense deal of controversy among Catholic ecclesiastical
writers, and has set the two venerable orders of Benedictines and
Regular Canons terribly by the ears. It has just, however, been set at
rest, by the discovery of manuscripts by the Bishop of Bruges, in the
Library at Brussels, proving beyond all doubt, to his mind, that
Thomas à Kempis really was the author, and not, as the partisans of
Gersen assert, merely the copyist. The Bishop of Munster has also,
singular to relate, recently discovered old manuscripts which lead
him to the same conclusion. The manuscript of Gersen, on which his
advocates principally relied to prove that he was the author, must
therefore henceforth be considered only as a copy; it is in the public
library at Valenciennes.
The last two numbers of the "Leipzig Grenzboten" contain, among
some half-dozen articles of special German interest, papers on
Görgey's Vindication, on Longfellow, and Margaret Fuller Ossoli, and
on the department of northern antiquities in the new museum at
Berlin. The German critic considers Professor Longfellow's poetry as
a cross between the "Lakers" and Shelley. Longfellow's novels
remind him of Goethe and Jean Paul Richter, and in some instances
of Hoffmann. The "Golden Legend" is of course a frantic imitation of
Goethe's "Faust." Margaret Fuller, too, is represented as an
emanation from the German mind.
We learn from the "Vienna Gazette" that Dr. Moritz Wagner, the
renowned naturalist and member of the Vienna Academy of
Sciences, has set out on a journey across the continent of America
to New Orleans, Panama, Columbia, and Peru. Dr. Wagner,
accompanied by Dr. Charles Scherzer, who has undertaken to edit
the literary portion of the description of his travels, is expected to
devote the next three years to this expedition, and great are the
hopes of the Vienna papers as to its results.

The "Presse" of Vienna states that Prince Metternich possesses an

amulet which Lord Byron formerly wore round his neck. This amulet,
the inscriptions of which have been recently translated by the
celebrated Orientalist, von Hammer-Purgstall, contains a treaty
entered into "between Solomon and a she-devil," in virtue of which
no harm could happen to the person who should wear the talisman.
This treaty is written half in Turkish and half in Arabic. It contains
besides, prayers of Adam, Noah, Job, Jonah, and Abraham. The first
person who wore the amulet was Ibrahim, the son of Mustapha, in
1763. Solomon is spoken of in the Koran as the ruler of men and of
devils.

The University of Berlin has celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the

nomination to the degree of Doctor of M. Lichtenstein, the
celebrated naturalist, who, since the foundation of the university, in
1810, has occupied the chair of zoology. Three busts of M.
Lichtenstein were inaugurated—one in the grand gallery of the
University, one in the Zoological Museum, and the third in the
Zoological Garden of Berlin. Baron Von Humboldt delivered a speech
to the professors and students, in which he detailed at great length
the scientific labors of M. Lichtenstein. Some days before the