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AGRICULTURE

Agricultural development aims to enhance food production and ensure food security through modern practices like mechanization, chemical fertilizers, and HYV seeds. It has evolved from traditional farming to advanced techniques, but faces challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and pest attacks. Sustainable practices like organic farming and precision agriculture are essential for long-term benefits and ecological balance.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views

AGRICULTURE

Agricultural development aims to enhance food production and ensure food security through modern practices like mechanization, chemical fertilizers, and HYV seeds. It has evolved from traditional farming to advanced techniques, but faces challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and pest attacks. Sustainable practices like organic farming and precision agriculture are essential for long-term benefits and ecological balance.

Uploaded by

yashmehra4848
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agricultural Development

Definition & Importance

●​ Agricultural development refers to the progress in the agricultural sector to improve food
production and meet the needs of a growing population.
●​ It provides raw materials to agro-based industries and ensures food security.

Evolution of Agriculture

1.​ Traditional Farming


○​ Early humans used animals and crude tools for farming.
○​ Methods were labor-intensive and time-consuming.
2.​ Industrial Revolution & Mechanization
○​ Introduction of machines like tractors, tillers, and harvesters.
○​ Increased efficiency and reduced manual labor.
○​ Use of chemical fertilizers to improve soil fertility.
○​ Pesticides and insecticides were introduced to protect crops from pests and
diseases.
3.​ Green Revolution
○​ Development of High-Yield Variety (HYV) seeds.
○​ Improved irrigation techniques.
○​ Use of modern scientific techniques to boost production.

Modern Agricultural Practices


1. Mechanization

●​ Use of advanced machinery for plowing, sowing, and harvesting.


●​ Reduces labor dependency and increases productivity.

2. Use of Chemical Fertilizers

●​ Helps replenish soil nutrients.


●​ Increases yield but can harm the environment if overused.

3. Pesticides & Insecticides


●​ Protect crops from pests and diseases.
●​ Improves food production but may lead to soil and water pollution.

4. HYV Seeds

●​ Genetically improved seeds that increase crop yield.


●​ Require proper irrigation and fertilizers for maximum benefit.

5. Irrigation Methods

●​ Drip irrigation, sprinklers, and canal systems ensure water availability.


●​ Essential for improving productivity in dry regions.

Challenges in Agricultural Development


1. Climate Change

●​ Unpredictable weather patterns affect crop growth.


●​ Droughts and floods reduce yields.

2. Soil Degradation

●​ Excessive use of fertilizers reduces soil fertility.


●​ Over-irrigation leads to waterlogging and salinization.

3. Pest Attacks

●​ New pests and diseases require advanced pest control methods.


●​ Overuse of pesticides leads to resistance among pests.

4. Limited Land Availability

●​ Increasing population reduces available farmland.


●​ Need for sustainable farming techniques.

Sustainable Agricultural Practices


1. Organic Farming

●​ Avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.


●​ Uses compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control.

2. Precision Farming

●​ Use of technology (drones, sensors) to monitor crop health.


●​ Optimizes resource use and reduces waste.

3. Crop Rotation & Mixed Farming

●​ Helps maintain soil fertility.


●​ Reduces dependence on a single crop and minimizes pest risks.

4. Agroforestry

●​ Planting trees along with crops to maintain ecological balance.


●​ Provides additional income sources.

Conclusion
●​ Agricultural development is crucial for food security and economic growth.
●​ Modern techniques improve productivity but must be used sustainably.
●​ Farmers should adopt eco-friendly practices to ensure long-term benefits.

This format is structured for easy revision and aligns with possible exam questions like:

●​ Define agricultural development.


●​ Explain the impact of mechanization in agriculture.
●​ What are the advantages and disadvantages of using chemical fertilizers?
●​ Discuss sustainable agricultural practices.

—----------------------_____—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What was the main objective of the Green Revolution?​


a) To promote organic farming​
b) To increase agricultural productivity ​
c) To reduce mechanization​
d) To decrease irrigation

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds?​


a) They require less water​
b) They give higher production ​
c) They are resistant to pests​
d) They grow in any climate

3. Which method of irrigation is most commonly used in the Green Revolution?​


a) Drip irrigation​


b) Sprinkler irrigation​
c) Tube wells ​
d) Rainwater harvesting

4. What is one negative impact of the Green Revolution?​


a) Increased soil fertility​
b) Loss of biodiversity ​
c) Lower crop production​
d) Reduced use of chemical fertilizers

5. Mechanization in agriculture includes which of the following?​


a) Use of animals for plowing​
b) Use of tractors, harvesters, and threshers ​
c) Use of traditional methods​
d) Hand-harvesting

6. Which state in India was most affected by the Green Revolution?​


a) Bihar​
b) Punjab ​
c) Kerala​
d) West Bengal

7. Which of the following is NOT a requirement for HYV seeds?​


a) Regular irrigation​


b) Increased fertilizers​
c) Reduced pesticide use ​
d) Mechanized farming

8. The Green Revolution was first introduced in India during which Five-Year Plan?​
a) First Five-Year Plan​


b) Second Five-Year Plan​
c) Third Five-Year Plan ​
d) Fourth Five-Year Plan

9. Which scientist is known as the "Father of the Green Revolution"?​
a) M.S. Swaminathan ​
b) Norman Borlaug​
c) Verghese Kurien​
d) R.K. Pachauri

10. What is the major source of irrigation in India?​


a) Rainfall​
b) Tube wells ​
c) Canals​
d) Ponds

5 Fill in the Blanks

1.​ The Green Revolution introduced _______________ seeds, which increased food
production. (HYV - High Yielding Variety)
2.​ _______________ is the process of using machines in agriculture. (Mechanization)
3.​ The excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to _______________ in many areas.
(Soil degradation)
4.​ _______________ is the state in India that benefited the most from the Green
Revolution. (Punjab)
5.​ The Green Revolution was introduced to make India _______________ in food
production. (Self-sufficient)

10 Short Answer Questions

1. What is the Green Revolution?​


2. Name two advantages and two disadvantages of the Green Revolution.​
3. What are HYV seeds, and why are they important?​
4. How did mechanization affect agriculture?​
5. Why is irrigation essential for modern farming?​
6. What role did chemical fertilizers play in the Green Revolution?​
7. What are the major crops grown using Green Revolution techniques?​
8. Name any two modern agricultural tools used today.​
9. What impact did the Green Revolution have on farmers’ incomes?​
10. How did the Green Revolution change food production in India?

5 Long Answer Questions


1. Explain the impact of the Green Revolution on Indian agriculture. Discuss both positive and
negative effects.​
2. What are the major factors responsible for the success of the Green Revolution?​
3. How has the use of HYV seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation changed agricultural production?​
4. Describe the role of M.S. Swaminathan in the Green Revolution.​
5. What are the challenges faced by farmers today due to Green Revolution methods?

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