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Unit 1 - Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design Notes

Unit 1 introduces information systems as interrelated components that provide necessary information for productivity and decision-making. It differentiates between systems analysis, which defines what a system should achieve, and systems design, which details how it should be implemented, while outlining various types of information systems and the role of systems analysts. The document emphasizes the importance of effective systems analysis and design in achieving organizational success and managing IT projects.

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5 views

Unit 1 - Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design Notes

Unit 1 introduces information systems as interrelated components that provide necessary information for productivity and decision-making. It differentiates between systems analysis, which defines what a system should achieve, and systems design, which details how it should be implemented, while outlining various types of information systems and the role of systems analysts. The document emphasizes the importance of effective systems analysis and design in achieving organizational success and managing IT projects.

Uploaded by

juliuspetersantiago
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Notes on Unit 1 - Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design

Learning Outcomes
1. Define information systems

2. Differentiate systems analysis and systems design


3. Identify the different types of information systems
4. Identify the roles and perform the responsibilities of a systems analyst

Information Systems
• Definition: A set of interrelated components that function to provide
required information for a specified purpose.
• Purpose:

o Increase productivity
o Deliver quality products and services
o Maintain customers

o Make sound decisions

Components of an Information System


• Example: Payroll System
o Input: Employee hours, pay rates

o Process: Calculation of wages


o Output: Paychecks, reports

o Feedback: Employee satisfaction, adjustments

Systems Analysis and Design

• Systems Analysis:
o Understanding and specifying in detail what the information system
should accomplish.
o Focuses on the "what" of the system.
• Systems Design:

o Specifying in detail how the components of the information system


should be physically implemented.

o Focuses on the "how" of the system.

Phases of Systems Development

1. Planning
2. Analysis (Systems Analysis)
3. Design (Systems Design)

4. Implementation
5. Support

Importance of Systems Analysis and Design


• Statistics:

o 68% of technology projects are "improbable" successes.


o Costs of failed IT projects: $2.4 trillion out of $6.2 trillion spent on IT
hardware, software, and services.

Types of Information Systems

1. Business Intelligence (BI) Systems:


o Supports strategic planning and executive decision-making.

2. Manufacturing Management (MM) Systems:


o Controls internal production processes.
3. Human Resource Management (HRM) Systems:
o Supports employee-related tasks (payroll, benefits, hiring, training).
4. Accounting and Financial Management (AFM) Systems:
o Records accounting information for financial statements and
reports.

5. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems:


o Integrates product development, acquisition, manufacturing, and
inventory management.
6. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems:
o Supports marketing, sales, and service operations involving
customer interaction.
7. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS):
o Supports storage and access to documents across the organization.

8. Collaboration Support Systems (CSS):


o Enables geographically distributed personnel to collaborate on
projects and tasks.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

• Characteristics:
o Incorporates most or all information system types.

o Complex and expensive integrated systems (e.g., SAP, Oracle, IBM).


o Data integration is crucial.

Systems Analyst
• Definition: A person who uses analysis and design techniques to solve
business problems using information technology.
• Roles:
o Translates business requirements into IT projects.

o Serves as a change agent, identifying organizational improvements


and designing systems to implement those changes.
o Trains and motivates others to use the systems.
• Knowledge and Skills:
o Technical knowledge (IDE, CASE tools).
o Understanding of business operations (business process modeling,
ERP).
o Interpersonal skills (interviewing, team management, leadership).

Summary
• Information Systems: Interrelated components providing required
information.
• Systems Analysis: Specifies what the system should accomplish.
• Systems Design: Specifies how the system should be implemented.

• Types of Systems: BI, MM, HRM, AFM, SCM, CRM, KMS, CSS.
• ERP Systems: Integrated systems for comprehensive management.

• Systems Analyst: Key role in developing and implementing information


systems.

Key Takeaways
• Information systems are essential for organizational success.

• Systems analysis and design are critical processes in developing effective


information systems.
• Different types of information systems serve various organizational needs.

• Systems analysts play a crucial role in translating business requirements


into functional IT solutions.

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