CS 102

Object Oriented Programming

First Class: Bank Account

 Bank Account
3

¨ Lets implement a bank account program

¨ What type of information do we need for a bank
account?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account
4

¨ Lets implement a bank account program

¨ What type of information do we need for a bank
account?
¤ Account ID
¤ Balance

¤ Currency

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account
5

¨ Lets implement a bank account program

¨ What type of information do we need for a bank
account?
¤ Account ID (int)
¤ Balance (double)

¤ Currency (String)

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account
6

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account
7

¨ int and double are primitive types

¨ String is an object type

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account
8

¨ int and double are primitive types

¨ String is an object type
¨ What is primitive type? What is object type?
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Primitive types
9

¨ Primitive data types are predefined by the

language and named by a keyword.
¨ Java language has 8 types
¤ byte
¤ short (16 bit signed)
¤ int (32 bit signed)
¤ long (64 bit)
¤ float (32 bit floating point)
¤ double (64 bit floating point)
¤ boolean
¤ char

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Object types
10

¨ Everything else that is not primitive

¤ Created by the programmer not defined by Java
¤ All other user defined classes

¨ An object can be created with the new keyword

¤ int [] myArray = new int [10];
¨ When new keyword is used, some space to store
this object is allocated from the memory.

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account
11

¨ int and double are primitive types

¨ String is an object type
¨ How are they represented in memory?
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Bank Account
12

¨ Primitive types are stored in Stack

¨ Objects are stored in Heap
¨ What is Stack and Heap?
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Memory Allocation
13

¨ When you declare a variable in a program, Java

allocates space for that variable from one of
several memory regions.
¤ Heap
¤ Stack

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Memory Allocation
14

¨ Heap
¤ Holds objects created in the program
¨ Stack
¤ Used during the execution of the program
¤ Stack holds
n short lived objects (local primitive types)
n When a function is called a block of memory (stack
frame) is allocated to hold the local variables. It is
removed when the execution of function finishes
n references to other objects in the heap

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Memory Allocation
15

¨ Heap vs. Stack

¤ Heap holds the objects whereas Stack holds reference
to these objects
¨ Objects
¤ When new keyword is used, some space to store this
object is allocated from the heap memory.

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Memory Allocation
16
Variable declaration
¨ Primitive type
¤ int myInt; myInt

¨ Object type
myString
¤ String myString;

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Memory Allocation
17
Variable assignment
¨ Primitive type
¤ int myInt; myInt
¤ myInt = 5; 5

¨ Object type
myString
¤ String myString;
1234
¤ myString = new String(“Text”);

Address of String object in heap 1234 “Text”

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Memory Allocation
18
Variable assignment
¨ Primitive type
¤ int myInt;
myString keeps reference to the String
myIntobject.
It =keeps
¤ myInt 5; the location (address) of the object.
5

¨ Object type
myString
¤ String myString;
1234
¤ myString = new String(“Text”);

Address of String object in heap 1234 “Text”

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Memory Allocation
19
Variable assignment
¨ Primitive type
¤ int myInt; myInt
¤ myInt = 5;
5

¨ Object type
¤ String myString;
myString
¤ myString = new String(“Text”);

¨ Instead of showing the address,

we will use an arrow
“Text”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Bank Account
20

account1ID
1
¨ Primitive types are stored in Stack
account1Balance
1000
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Bank Account
21

account1Currency

¨ Objects are stored in Heap

¨ Their reference is stored in Stack
“TL”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Bank Account
22

account1ID account2ID
1 2

account1Balance account2Balance
1000 800

account1Currency account2Currency

“TL” “US”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Bank Account
23

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Depositing Money
24

account1Balance account2Balance
¨ Before
1000 800

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Depositing Money
25

account1Balance account2Balance
¨ After
1050 1100

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Printing Account Details
26

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Account Class
27

¨ Each account has an ID, balance and currency.

¤ These can be thought as attributes of an account.
¨ Can we have an account object which holds all
these necessary information together?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Account Class
28

¨ Each account has an ID, balance and currency.

¨ Can we have an account object which holds all these
necessary information together?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Account Class
29

¨ Each account has an ID, balance and currency.

¨ Can we have an account object which holds all these
necessary information together?

¨ These are called member variables of the class or fields.

¨ They are also referred as instance variables.
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming
 Bank Account – version 1
30

Account.java

AccountTest.java

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account – version 1
31

Account.java
This is the class which
provides the specifics
of the Account object
AccountTest.java
In here, we have
two Account
objects: account1
and account2

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Version 1 - Memory Layout
32

Any idea how this is going

to be kept in memory?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Version 1 - Memory Layout
33

account1 account2

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Version 1 - Memory Layout
34

account1 account2

number number
1 2
balance balance
100 200
currency currency

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Version 1 - Memory Layout
35

account1 account2

number number
1 2
balance balance
100 200
currency currency

“TL”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming “USD”
 Printing Class Variables
36

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 What will be the output?
37

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 What will be the output?
38

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Change in memory…
39

¨ Before the deposit: account1 account2

number number
1 2
balance balance
100 200
currency currency

“TL”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming “USD”
 Change in memory…
40

¨ After the deposit: account1 account2

number number
1 2
balance balance
150 500
currency currency

“TL”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming “USD”
 Object Functionality
41

¨ Depositing money to an account is actually a

functionality of an account.
¤ All accounts can be deposited some amounts of money
¨ How can we make depositing money a functionality
of account object?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Object Functionality
42

¨ Depositing money to an account is actually a

functionality of an account.
¤ All accounts can be deposited some amounts of money
¨ How can we make depositing money a functionality
of account object?
¤ By defining it as a member function…

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account – version 2
43

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 deposit member function
44

¨ Before deposit member function

¨ After deposit member function

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Change in memory… (same as before)
45

¨ Before the deposit: account1 account2

number number
1 2
balance balance
100 200
currency currency

“TL”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming “USD”
 Change in memory… (same as before)
46

¨ After the deposit: account1 account2

number number
1 2
balance balance
150 500
currency currency

“TL”
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming “USD”
 Class
47

¨ We have written our first class!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Class
48

¨ We have written our first class!

member variables or
instance variables

member
functions

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 From last lecture…
49

¨ Our proposed programs need to match to the

problem we are trying to solve
¤ In the problem, what are the real world objects?
n what kind of information do they hold? (attributes)
n what kind of functionalities they have? (behavior)
¤ Solve the problem in terms of these objects
n Objects in the real world ~ Objects in our programs
n Low representational gap

¤ The object oriented programming

Source: “Core: Defining Classes and
Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming Creating Objects” Lecture Notes from
UCSD Course on OOP in Java
 Class
50

¨ We have written our first class!

member variables or
attributes
instance variables

behaviors member
functions

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Objects
51

¨ We have also used this class to create objects!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Objects
52

¨ We have also used this class to create objects!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Objects
53

¨ We have also used this class to create objects!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Program Output
54

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Report Account Information
55

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Report Account Information
56

How can we fix this?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Report Account Information
57

¨ Reporting its information can be a functionality of

accounts.
¨ report member function!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account – version 3
58

¨ report member function!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account – version 3
59

¨ report member function!

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Bank Account – version 3
60

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Member Functions
61

account1 ¨ Member functions can account2

be also represented in
memory diagrams
number number
1 2
balance balance
150 500
currency currency
“TL” “USD”
deposit(double) deposit(double)
report()Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming report()
 Exercise: What is the output?
62

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise: What is the output?
63

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise (Bank Account – version 4)
64

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise
65

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise
66

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise
67

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise
68

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise
69

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise: What will be the output?
70

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise: What will be the output?
71

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

 Exercise
72

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming

75 Any Questions ?

Ozyegin University - CS 102 - Object Oriented Programming