ELEMENTARY STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

(EXAMINATION)

PREPARED BY:
ALDRINA JANE S. FAJARDO
BSED 3 MATH

SUBMITTED TO:
MANUEL C FRANCISCO
ELEMENTARY STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
(EXAMINATION)

PREPARED BY:
APPLE JOY M. DAQUIOAG
BSED 3 MATH

SUBMITTED TO:
MANUEL C FRANCISCO
Name: _____________________________ Date: __________
Course/section: __________________ Score: ________
Instruction: Read the following questions carefully and encircle the correct answer from the
options provided.
1. What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?
a) To describe and summarize data using various statistical measures.
c)To make predictions and draw conclusions about a population based on sample data.
c) To collect data from a population using systematic techniques.
d) To analyze the relationship between variables in a dataset.
2. In statistical analysis, which of the following statements is true about a population and a
sample?
a) A population is a subset of a sample.
b) A sample is a subset of a population.
c) A population and a sample are the same thing.
d) A population and a sample have no relation to each other.
3. What is the shape of the normal distribution?
a) Skewed to the left
b) Skewed to the right
c) Symmetrical
d) Bimodal
4. Which of the following is true about the mean and median of a normal distribution?
a) They are always equal
b) The mean is always greater than the median
c) The median is always greater than the mean
d) There is no relationship between the mean and median
5. What is the primary difference between a population and a sample?
a) A population consists of a small subset of individuals, while a sample includes the entire
group of interest.
b) A population refers to a group of individuals with similar characteristics, while a sample
represents the entire population.
c.) A population includes every individual or object of interest, while a sample is a subset of the
population.
d) A population represents a collection of variables, while a sample refers to specific data points.
6. In which sampling technique is the population divided into mutually exclusive and
homogeneous groups, and a random sample is then selected from each group?
a) Random sampling
b) Systematic random sampling
c) Stratified random sampling
d) Cluster sampling
7. Which of the following statements about regression analysis is true?
a) Regression analysis can only be used to analyze linear relationships.
b) The dependent variable is also known as the predictor variable.
c) A positive correlation coefficient indicates a negative relationship between the variables.
d) Regression analysis is primarily used for descriptive purposes.
8. A marketing agency wants to gather data on consumer preferences for a new product launch.
They aim to ensure that the sample represents different age groups, genders, and income levels
proportionately. Which sampling technique would be most suitable for this objective?
a) Random sampling
b) Systematic random sampling
c) Stratified random sampling
d) Cluster sampling
9. A researcher wants to present the results of a survey on public opinion regarding a social
issue. They want to highlight the most common responses and their frequencies. Which method
of organizing data would be most suitable for this situation?
a) Histograms
b) Frequency polygons
c) Ogives
d) Frequency distribution table
10. A government agency wants to analyze the distribution of household incomes in a particular
region. They are interested in identifying income ranges and the number of households falling
within each range. Which method of data presentation would be most suitable for this analysis?
a) Box plot
b) Bar graph
c) Frequency distribution table
d) Line plot
11. A sports coach wants to visualize the performance of individual athletes in different events
over time. Which method of data presentation would be most appropriate to show the trend and
progress of each athlete?
a) Scatter plot
b) Line graph
c) Histogram
d) Box plot
12. A company wants to analyze the distribution of salaries among its employees. Which method
of data presentation would be most appropriate to display the salary ranges and their
corresponding frequencies?
a) Line graph
b) Pie chart
c) Frequency distribution table
d) Scatter plot
13. In a deck of playing cards, what is the probability of drawing a heart or a diamond?
a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1
14. A fair six-sided die is rolled three times. What is the probability of obtaining exactly two
even numbers?
a) 1/6
b) 1/8
c) 1/2
d) 5/8
15. In regression analysis, the dependent variable is also known as:
a) Predictor variable
b) Control variable
c) Response variable
d) Independent variable
16. A company wants to conduct a survey to gather information about the shopping preferences
of its target audience. They want to ensure that every individual in the target audience has an
equal chance of being selected for the survey. Which sampling technique should they use?
a) Random sampling
b) Systematic random sampling
c) Stratified random sampling
d) Cluster sampling
17. A researcher wants to present the data on the monthly sales of a retail store for the past year.
Which data presentation method would be most effective in conveying the overall trend in sales
over time?
a) Tabular method
b)Graphical method
c) Textual method
d) Organizing data
18. A market researcher wants to visually represent the market share of different smartphone
brands in a specific region. Which type of graph would be most appropriate for this purpose?
a) Bar graph
b) Line graph
c) Pie chart
d) Scatter plot
19. A researcher wants to summarize the heights of a group of individuals. Which measure of
central tendency would be most appropriate for this scenario?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range
20. A company wants to compare the variability in sales between two different regions. Which
measure of variation would be most suitable for this analysis?
a) Range
b) Standard deviation
c) Interquartile range
d) Mean absolute deviation
21. A data analyst wants to explore the relationship between two variables in a dataset. Which
exploratory data analysis technique can help visualize this relationship?
a) Box plot
b) Histogram
c) Scatter plot
d) Bar graph
22. A company has 5 male employees and 3 female employees. If two employees are randomly
selected to attend a conference, what is the probability that both of them are male?
a) 1/4
b) 3/7
c) 1/6
d) 5/8
23.A fair six-sided die is rolled twice. What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 on the two
rolls?
a) 1/12
b) 1/6
c) 1/9
d) 1/36
24.What is the standard deviation of a standard normal distribution?
A) 1
B) 0
C) 2
D) Cannot be determined
25. The area under the curve of a normal distribution represents:
a) The mean of the distribution
b) The variance of the distribution
c) The standard deviation of the distribution
d) The probability of observing a particular range of values
26. If a random variable follows a normal distribution with mean 50 and standard deviation 10,
what percentage of values will fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
a) 34%
b) 68%
c) 95%
d) 99.7%
27. What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in statistical analysis?
a) To determine the population mean
b) To establish causation
c) To test the validity of a claim
d) To calculate the standard deviation
28. What is the significance level commonly used in hypothesis testing?
a) 0.01
b) 0.05
c) 0.10
d) 0.20
29. A p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one calculated from
the sample data, assuming which of the following?
a) Null hypothesis is true
b) Alternative hypothesis is true
c) Both null and alternative hypotheses are true
d) Neither null nor alternative hypotheses are true
30. Which type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected, but it is actually true?
a) Type I error
b) Type II error
c) Type III error
d) Type IV error
31. A researcher conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of two treatments on a specific
disease. The null hypothesis stated that there is no difference in the effectiveness of the
treatments. Which statistical test would be most appropriate to test this hypothesis?
a) One-sample t-test
b) Paired t-test
c) Independent samples t-test
d) Chi-square test
32. When comparing the means of two independent samples, the appropriate test is:
a) Paired t-test
b) One-sample t-test
c) Independent samples t-test
d) Chi-square test
33. In a study comparing the proportions of success in two groups, the p-value is 0.02. What can
we conclude at a significance level of 0.05?
a) There is a significant difference between the two proportions.
b) There is no significant difference between the two proportions.
c) Further analysis is required to draw a conclusion.
d) The sample sizes are insufficient for analysis.
34. A research study involves comparing the mean performance of four different treatment
groups. The calculated p-value from the ANOVA test is 0.032. What is the appropriate
interpretation of this result?
a) Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant difference among the means.
b) Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is no significant difference among the means.
c) Cannot determine the conclusion based on the given information.
d) None of the above.
35. When interpreting a correlation coefficient value, a value close to +1 indicates:
a) A strong positive linear relationship
b) A strong negative linear relationship
c) No linear relationship
d) A weak positive linear relationship
36. A company wants to compare the sales performance of two different products. Which
measure of variation would be most useful for assessing the variability in sales between the two
products?
a) Median
b) Mode
c) Range
d) Variance
37. A statistician is examining the test scores of students in a school. Which measure of position
would be most relevant for identifying the score below which a certain percentage of students
fall?
a) Median
b) Mean
c) Quartiles
d) Standard deviation
38. A researcher wants to compare the salaries of employees in two different departments of a
company. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate for summarizing the
salary data within each department?
a) Mean
b) Range
c) Standard deviation
d) Interquartile range
39. In a deck of 52 playing cards, what is the probability of drawing a heart or a spade?
a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1
40. A group of 10 people consists of 6 men and 4 women. If a committee of 3 people is randomly
chosen, what is the probability that all 3 members are men?
a) 1/5
b) 1/3
c) 1/2
d) 2/3
41. In a class of 30 students, 10 are male and 20 are female. If two students are randomly
selected, what is the probability that both students are male?
a) 1/435
b) 1/406
c) 1/420
d) 1/4350
42. A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting exactly two heads?
a) 1/8
b) 3/8
c) 1/2
d) 5/8
43. Which of the following is NOT a step in hypothesis testing?
a) Formulating the null and alternative hypotheses
b) Collecting and analyzing data
c) Calculating the p-value
d) Drawing conclusions
44. A Type I error in hypothesis testing occurs when:
a) The null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
b) The null hypothesis is correctly rejected
c) The alternative hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
d) The alternative hypothesis is correctly rejected
45. The p-value in hypothesis testing represents:
a) The probability of committing a Type I error
b) The probability of committing a Type II error
c) The probability of obtaining the observed data or more extreme data if the null hypothesis is
true
d) The probability of obtaining the observed data or more extreme data if the alternative
hypothesis is true
46. The level of significance in hypothesis testing is:
a) The probability of committing a Type I error
b) The probability of committing a Type II error
c) The probability of obtaining the observed data or more extreme data if the null hypothesis is
true
d) The probability of obtaining the observed data or more extreme data if the alternative
hypothesis is true
47. The critical region in hypothesis testing is:
a) The region of the distribution where the null hypothesis is rejected
b) The region of the distribution where the null hypothesis is accepted
c) The region of the distribution where the alternative hypothesis is rejected
d) The region of the distribution where the alternative hypothesis is accepted
48. When testing the difference between two proportions, which statistical test should be used if
the sample sizes are large?
a) Independent samples t-test
b) Paired samples t-test
c) Z-test
d) Chi-square test
49. When interpreting the results of a one-way ANOVA, a p-value less than the significance
level (e.g., 0.05) indicates:
a) There is a significant difference among the group means
b) The data violates the assumptions of the ANOVA test
c) The sample size was too small to draw meaningful conclusions
d) The means of all groups are equal
50. When conducting a one-way ANOVA, the null hypothesis states that:
a) There is no difference among the group means
b) There is a difference among the group means
c) The variances among the groups are equal
d) The means within each group are equal