Tarrant County College District

How to Document Sources

MLA &Edition Style
Ihe Modem Language Association (MLA) Style is widely used for identifying
research sources. In MLA style you
briefly credit sources with Parenthetical References in the text of your paper and give the
complete description
Of each source used in your paper in the list of Works Cited. The instructor for your class is the
on how to format your References List. finalauthority

This guide is based on the MLAHandbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th ed., by
The Modern Language
Association of America (2016). All examples are found in the appropriate chapters in the MLA Handbook 8m
edition. htps:/style.mla.org/
PREPARING THE LIST OF WORKS CITED
Works Cited items are listed at the end of the research paper. arranged alphabetically by author's last
name,or when there is no author, by the first word of the title (except A, An or The).

PRINT SOURCES
BOOKS

Author. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Date.

This is the basic format for a book.

The author's name should be written: Last Name, First Name.
Ina title or asubtitle, capitalize the first word, the last word, and all principal words,
including those that follow hyphens in compound terms: The Madwoman in the Attic: The
Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination.
Omit articles (A, An, The), business abbreviations (Co., Corp., Inc., Ltd.), and Books, House,
Press, Publishers. Use "UP" for university press, e.g., Ohio State UP. If the publisher's
name includes the name of one person for example, Harry N. Abrams, cite the name as
listed.
Ifthe publisher's name is commonly abbreviated with capital initial letters, use the
abbreviation
as the publisher's name: MLA (for Modern Language Association).
One Author

Volti, Rudi. Cars and Culture: The Life Story of a Technology. Johns Hopkins UP, 2016.

One Editor or Compiler

If the person named on the title page is the editor or compiler, rather than the author, add a comma then
the title "editor" or "compiler"

Brumley, Rebecca, compiler. The Reference Librarian's Policies, Forms, Guidelines, and
Procedures Handbook with CD-ROM. Neal, 2016.
Two or More Authors
List the names in the order they appear on the title page.
Only the first author's name should be reversed: Last Name, First Name.
authorsname.
Use a comma between the authors' names. Place a period after the last
or give all the names.
IT there are more than three authors. name only the first and add et al.,
Tilstone, William J., Kathleen A. Savage. and Leiah A. Clark. Forensic Science: An Encyclopedia

of History, Methods, and Techniques. ABC-CLIO, 2016.

More than Three Authors
If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add et al.. or give all the namesS.

Jonassen, David H.,et al. Learning to Solve Problems with Technology: AConstructivist Perspectrve.
2nd ed., Merrill, 2016.

Or

Jonassen, David H., Jane Howland, Joi Moore, and Rose M. Marra. Learning to Solve Problems with
Technology: AConstructivist Perspective. 2nd ed. Merrill, 2015.

Editors or Compilers
If there are two or more editors or compilers, add a comma after the final name, then the title
"editors" or "compilers"
McCaffrey, Paul, and Lynn M. Messina, editors. The United States Supreme Court. VWilson, 2015.

Second or Other Edition

Author. Title of Book. Edition, Publisher, Publication Year.

If an edition is given, specify it by number (2nd ed.), name (Rev. ed.) or year (2016 ed.).

Castro, Peter, and Michael E. Huber. Marine Biology. 4th ed., McGraw, 2015.

Corporate Author
Cite a book by corporate author when a group, such as an organization or association
rather than an individual person, is the author.
American Automobile Association. North American Road Atlas: Coverage for United States, Canada,

Mexico. 2016 ed.,American Automobile Association, 2016.

Government Agency as Author
Give the name of the government first, then the name of
the agency.
Hawaii. Ofice of the Auditor. Follow-up Audit of the Child
Protective Services System. State oT
Hawaii, 2015.

ESSAY, POEM. or SHORT STORY in an

ANTHOL0GY
Author of Story. "Title of Story." Title ofBook. Name of Editor, Edition (if given), Publisher, Publication
Year,
Page(s). [indicated by lower-case p. or pp.]

Purcell, Arthur H. "Better Waste Management Strategies Are Needed to AvertaGarbage Crisis.

Garbage and Recycling: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Helen Cothran, Greenhaven, 2015,
pp. 20-27.

Tufts, Carol Strongin. "Recasting A Doll House: Narcissism as Character Motivation in lbsen's Play."

Comparative Drama 20 (1986): 140-59. Rpt. in Drama Criticism. Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau.

Vol. 2, Gale, 1992, pp. 300-07.

ENCYCLOPEDIAS and REFERENCE BOOKS

Author ofArticle (if given). Article Title." Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year.

When citing familiar reference books, especialy those that often appear in new editions, full
publication information is not necessary.
Give the edition (if available) and the year of publication.
If articles are arranged alphabetically, volume and page numbers are not necessary.

Lesko, Leonard H. "Pyramids." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2015.

When citing less familiar reference books, give full publication information. Give the
number of volumes for multi-volume sets.

Smith, Murray. "Philosophy of Film."Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald M. Borchert. 2nd ed.,
10 vols., Macmillan Reference USA, 2015.
 MAGAZINE ARTICLES

Author. Title of Article." Title of Magazine. Date,

Page(s). [indicated by p. or pP.J

Abbreviate the months (except May, June, July).Give complete dates for
every week or every two magazines issued
weeks, written in this order: Day Month Year, e.g., 15
Ifthe article is on consecutive pages, Jan. 2016.
20. Give just the last two digits of the specify the page numbers of the entire article, e.g., 16
If the article is not on
second number, when possible, e.g.. pp.188-89, but pp.196-200.
consecutive
to page 30, and continues on page 32 - pages if, for example, it begins on page 27, then
write only the first sk+ps
sign: pp.27+. page number, followed by a plus
Do not give volume and issue
numbers for magazine articles even if they are listed.
Paul, Pamela. "Rethinking First Foods."
Time 12 June 2016, pp. 58-59.
Zammett, Ern. "Battling Cancer While the World
Watches." Glamour Nov. 2016,118+.
No Author Given
If no author's nanme is given, begin with the title of the
article.
"Five Years after 9/11:ALittle Safer., No
Surer." Aviation Week and Space
Technology
11 Sept. 2015, p. 66.

SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ARTICLES

Journal with Volume
Author. Title of Article." Ttle of Journal, Volume number,
(Year), Page(s).

Shore, Rebecca, and Janis Strasser. "Music for

Their Minds." Young Children 61,(2016), pp.
62-67.
Journal with Issues

Author. Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume number,

Issuenumber, Year, Page(s).
Give both the volume and issue
numbers, separated by a comma e.g., volume 12, no. 8 =
vol.12, no.8
Sultan. Mohamed A. "Fire Resistance Furnace
Temperature Measurements: Plate Thermometers Vs
Shielded Thermocouples." Fire Technology, vol. 42, no.2, 2015, pp.
253-267.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Author.Title of Article." Name of Newspaper, Date, edition, Pagels).

Take the name of the newspaper from the
Advertiser, not The Honolulu Advertiser. masthead, but omit any introductory article: HonolulU
If the city of publication is not part of the
News and Observer (Raleigh, NC] newSpaper's name, add it in square brackets:
Give the complete day, month, and year. but not the
Specify the edition of the newspaper, if one is given on volume and issue numbers.
the masthead.
If the article is not on consecutive pages, write the first page
number anda plus sign: pp. B1+.

Nakaso, Dan. "Hawaíí Rattles, Then Loses Power." Honolulu Advertiser. 16 Oct.
2015, pp. A1+.
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Date of Access. Page(s) or Section(s), if numbered, URL.

Green, Joshua. "Do Polls Still

Work?" Atlantic Online, Nov. 2006, www.atlantic.com. Accessed 27
Oct. 2015.

VIDEO RECORDINGS
Title. Director, Producer,
and/or Writer. Distributor, Year.
Ancient Egyptians. Dir. Tony Mitchell. Writ.
and prod. Ben Goold,
Warner Home Video, 2014.
TELEVISION OR RADIO PROGRAM
"Title of Episode or Segment." Title of
Programor Series. Name of Network, Call
City of Local Station (if any),
Letters (ifany),
Broadcast Date.
"Magnetic Storm." Narr. Geno Golusha. Nova.
PBS, KHET, Honolulu. 24 Oct.
2015.
"The Ethics of Medical
Research on Children." All Things
Considered. Natl. Public Radio, KERA,
Dallas, 31 Oct. 2015.
"Hush." Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss
Whedon, performance by Sarah Michelle Gelar.
season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy, 1999.
 PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES IN THE TEXT
most cases, the Parenthetical
number for the information cited. References incude the author's last name and the specitiC page

For example:
In the text of paper:
Medieval Europe was aplace both of "raids. pillages, slavery, and extortion" and of "traveling merchants,
monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in grain" (Townsend 10).
In Works Cited list:
Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton UP, 1993.

Author's Name in Text

When youuse the author's name in your text in cting a reference, give only the page number.
Magny develops this argument (67-69).

Author's Name in Parenthetical Reference

When the author's name is not in your text, add the author's last name in parentheses.

This argument has been developed (Magny 67-69).

No Author's Name
If no author's name is given, abbreviate the title and add the page number. Example: Page
33 of the book Other Pole of Human Mind is cited as:

(Other Pole 33)

Two or More Authors

If the source has two or three authors, include all last names.

(Gibson and Stabler 727)

(Sumner, Reichl, and Waugh 23).
If the source has more than three authors, include the first author, followed by et al.
(Leikin et al. 67)

Corporate Author
Use the same format, but include the corporate body.

(Modern Language Association 77)

More Than One Work by the Same Author
Abbreviate the title. For example, if youuse two sources by Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors
and Ages of Man, then you will include the following:
(Shakespeare, Comedy 54)
(Shakespeare, Ages 25)
" If youstate the author's name in the text, give only the title and page number in parentheses:
(Comedy 54)

Multivolume Works
When citing avolume number and a page reference, separate the two by a colon and a space.
Omit the words volume and page or their abbreviations.

(Henderson 3: 52)
(Wellek 2:1-10)
When referring to an entire volume, use only volume number. Placea comma after the author's
nameand include the abbreviation "vol.".

(Henderson, vol. 3)
In text reference to an entire volume:

In volume 3, Henderson suggests

More Than One Work in Parenthetical Reference

Cite each work as you would in a reference and use semicolons to separate the citations.
This controversy has been addressed more than once (Dabundo 27, Magny 69).

Electronic and Online Sources

Cite them just like print sources. If an online source lacks numbering,omit numbers. Ifa source
includes fixed page numbers or section numbering, such as numbering paragraphs (pars.),
screens (screens) or chapters (ch.), cite the relevant numbers.
The semiconductor workplace is highly toxic (Ross par. 35).
Beethoven has been called the "first politically motivated composer," for he was "caught
up in the whole ferment of ideas that came out of the French Revolution" (Gardiner screens
2-3).

"Once we start using a tool extensively, it also starts using us" (Rawins ch. 1, sec. 1).
Adapted from Honolulu Community College Library MLAHandout
Updated August 2016 by Angela Pettit
Revised 10/12/2016