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GROUP 2-Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

The document provides an overview of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), detailing their purpose in design, procurement, construction, and operation within process engineering. It discusses the importance of P&IDs in facilitating communication, establishing guidelines, and supporting operational decisions, as well as the various types of flow measurement methods used in both open and closed systems. Additionally, it covers common flow measurement units and devices, alongside industry standards for creating P&IDs.

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35 views46 pages

GROUP 2-Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

The document provides an overview of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), detailing their purpose in design, procurement, construction, and operation within process engineering. It discusses the importance of P&IDs in facilitating communication, establishing guidelines, and supporting operational decisions, as well as the various types of flow measurement methods used in both open and closed systems. Additionally, it covers common flow measurement units and devices, alongside industry standards for creating P&IDs.

Uploaded by

m i n m o c h i
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

&
Level and Fluid Flow Measurements
Group 2 - BSEE 4-1
Kevin V. Causaren
Kyle Angelo M. Conchada
Ryhen Ashantei C. Gonzales
Piping and Instrumentation
Diagrams (P&IDs)
Definition:
P&IDs are schematic drawings
showing the functional relationship
between piping, instrumentation,
equipment, and controllers.
Piping and Instrumentation
Diagrams (P&IDs)

The main purpose of a P&ID is to


indicate if devices are automatically
controlled, and if so, how they are
interlocked with instruments. P&IDs
convey the interconnectivity of
automated components
Purposes:

Design
Procurement
Construction
Operation
Design
Facilitates collaboration among process, controls, and electrical engineers
on instrumentation, controls, and wiring.
Assists in creating detailed control descriptions and loops.
Supports the development of Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP).
Procurement
Specifies instrumentation and controls details needed for obtaining
quotes.
Provides control details needed for estimating programming costs.
Contsruction
Specifies details needed for purchasing and installing instruments,
electrical devices, and controls components.
Utilized during startup and training to understand the function of the
system or process.
Operation
As-built P&IDs offer control details to support operational decisions.
P&IDs are easier to interpret than programming code or written
descriptions.
Operators can use P&IDs to understand operational options
Importance

Evaluation of construction Development of control


Establishment of guidelines
processes. programming.
and standards for facility
operation.
Importance

Creation of documentation Communication of plant


Development of safety and
explaining how the process operations using a common
control philosophies.
works. language.
Importance

Formation of
Design of conceptual layouts
recommendations for cost
for chemical or
estimates, equipment design,
manufacturing plants.
and pipe design.
Abbreviations

· P&IDs use letter abbreviations (letter


designations) for device labels,
control loops, and functions.
Industry Standards

There are numerous standards


developed for creating P&IDs. The
most common standard is ANSI/ISA
5.1 entitled “Instrumentation Symbols
and Identification”
Instrument Control
Abbreviations
Symbols for indicating the location and function of instruments
and control devices.
Common P&ID symbols.
Common P&ID symbols.
Construction of P & ID Diagram
Developing P and IDs
Skeleton of a P & ID
Comparison of BFD, PFD, and P & IDs
Types of P & IDs
Steps in Developing P and IDs
Developing P & IDs
Skeleton of a P & ID
Skeleton of a P & ID
Skeleton of a P & ID
Comparison of BFD, PFD and P &IDs
Block Flow Diagram (BFD): used for initial scope preparation,
which needs to be approved by the customer before the next
phase of the project kicks off.
Comparison of BFD, PFD and P &IDs
Process Flow Diagram (PFD): after the project proposal is
approved, a PFD is prepared which adds more details regarding
the type of equipment ,flow of materials, and connectivity of
units.
Comparison of BFD, PFD and P &IDs
P & IDs: P&IDs take the PFDs and further add details such as line
size, relief valve protection, valve sizes, etc.
Types of P &IDs

Process-Related P & IDs: These consist of the main


components of the process plant, such as distillation
column, compressor, separation vessel, fired heater,
pump, process piping, reactor,storage vessel, etc.
Types of P &IDs

Utility P & IDs: show the distribution and production of


several utilities such as cooling water, fuel gas, plant
air, instrument air, utility water, demineralized water,
steam, boiler feed water, etc.
Steps in Developing P &IDs
Level and Flow Measurements
Definition:

Use of flow meters to measure volume or mass of fluid passing


through a specific point at a given time.

Flow Measurement Devices

Instrument that measures the


fluid flow (mass or volume) per
unit time.
Where:
Equation of Continuity
Flow: This is the flow rate,
representing the quantity of fluid
passing through a cross-section
of a pipe or channel per unit
time.
Velocity: This is the speed at
which the fluid is moving in a
certain direction.
Area: This refers to the cross-

R = Av = constant sectional area of the pipe or


channel through which the fluid is
flowing.
Common Flow Measurement Units
Volumetric Flow Rate: measures how much volume of fluid passes through a given
point in a certain amount of time
Common Flow Measurement Units
Mass Flow Rate: measures the mass of the fluid passing through a given point per
unit of time.
Flow Measurement Methods
Open Channel Flow Measurements
Open channel flows are fluid flow with a free
surface open to the atmosphere.
Open Channel Flow Measurements
Weirs and Flumes
Weirs: Structures that raise the level of water in a river or stream.
Flumes: fixed structure that measures the flow of water in open
channels
The flow rate is determined based on the changes in water level
caused by the structure.
Open Channel Flow Measurements

Area Speedometer
These meters combine water level (area) and velocity measurements
to calculate flow.
Ultrasonic Doppler
Measures the velocity of liquid through
the doppler effect.
Detects changes in the movement of
particles to measure the speed of fluid.
Flow Measurement Methods
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement
fluid flow is completely enclosed and usually under
pressure.
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement
Differential pressure flow meter
The primary element creates a pressure drop across the flow
meter by introducing a restriction in the pipe, and this engineered
restriction enables Bernoulli’s equation to be used for a flow rate
calculation.
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement

Electromagnetic Flowmeter
Calculate flow by measuring the voltage produced when a
conductive fluid passes through a magnetic field.
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement

Vortex flowmeter
Detect eddy currents created by a bluff body placed in a fluid.
The frequency of vortex shedding is proportional to the flow rate.
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement

Ultrasonic flow meter


Measure the time difference between the downstream and
countercurrent propagation of ultrasonic signals.
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement

Turbine flowmeter
The turbine or propeller rotates at a speed proportional to the
flow rate and converts this rotational speed into flow rate.
Closed Pipe Flow Measurement

Positive displacement meter


Flow is measured by capturing a fixed volume of fluid and
counting the number of times that volume is filled and emptied.
REFERENCES
BJYU. (n.d.). Derivation of Continuity Equation. BJYU's.
https://byjus.com/physics/derivation-of-continuity-equation/
Guo, K. (2023, November 16). Flow Measurement 101: A Guide From Sino-
Inst. Sino-Inst. Retrieved November 28, 2024, from https://sino-
inst.com/flow-measurement-101/
Karre, A. (2023). Understanding the basics of piping and instrumentation
diagrams (P&IDs). In Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (pp. 1–21).
Worley Group Inc.
micronics. (n.d.). Doppler Flow Meters. micronics.
https://micronicsflowmeters.com/doppler-flow-
meter/#:~:text=What%20is%20an%20Ultrasonic%20Doppler,is%20used%
20in%20many%20industries.
Thank you

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