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Rule 3

The document outlines Rule 3, which explains how to identify the cause of an effect or outcome using specific examples. It provides various contexts, such as the decline in ROCE, COVID-19 patients, cancer deaths, global warming, and cybercrime, illustrating how to construct sentences that attribute the outcome to the correct cause. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between actual causes and irrelevant factors in each context.

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smaraihan24
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6 views

Rule 3

The document outlines Rule 3, which explains how to identify the cause of an effect or outcome using specific examples. It provides various contexts, such as the decline in ROCE, COVID-19 patients, cancer deaths, global warming, and cybercrime, illustrating how to construct sentences that attribute the outcome to the correct cause. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between actual causes and irrelevant factors in each context.

Uploaded by

smaraihan24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rule 3: The effect/outcome is due to the fact that subject + verb +cause or passive .

Context 1: Rule 3
Effect/Outcome: ROCE has declined significantly.

Cause: Increase in capital employed which has gone from $26.4m to nearly $50m
NOT cause (in this context): Reduction in profit which has increased from $12.7m to $14.5m

Sentence:
ROCE has declined significantly.
The significant decline in ROCE is due to the fact that capital employed (S) has gone (V) from
$26.4m to nearly $50m caused by the issue of shares (cause).
Context 2: Rule 3 – COVID-19 Patients
Effect/Outcome: The number of COVID-19 patients has declined significantly.

Cause: Vaccination by government


NOT cause (in this context): Awareness program taken in Bangladesh

Sentence:
The significant decline of the number of COVID-19 patients is due to the fact that government
(S) has taken (V) vaccination program (cause).
Or
The significant decline of the number of COVID-19 patients is due to the fact that vaccination
program (cause) has been taken (passive form verb) by government (S).

Context 3: Rule 3 – Cancer Patients


Effect/Outcome: The number of people died of cancer has declined significantly.
Cause: Reduction in smoking arising from heavy taxing by government.
NOT cause (in this context): Improve in lifestyle.

Sentence:
The significant decline of the number of people died of cancer is due to the fact that
government has imposed tax on smoking.
Or
The significant decline of the number of people died of cancer is due to the fact that tax on
smoking (cause) has been imposed (passive form verb) by government (S).
Context 4: Rule 3 – Global Warming
Effect/Outcome: Global warming is a major aspect of climate change.

Cause: Increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, human activities such as burning fossil
fuel and deforestation.
NOT cause (in this context): awareness of maintaining environment friendly measures.

Sentence:
Context 5: Rule 3 – Cyber Crime
Effect/Outcome: Cybercrime has increased significantly now a days.

Cause: Easy access to the system, negligence and lack of cyber security assistance.
NOT cause (in this context): Awareness of system and technology.

Sentence:
Note: If there is no subject is given, then inverted sentence (there is /are or have been or has
been rule will apply.

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