Professional Diploma in Engineering and Technology

Management

QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

MANAGEMENT

NAME : JIMMY ANAK PASKA

MATRIX NO : PX217767PEC612
NRIC NO : 780626-13-5231

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Assignment Questions
Write down an assignment on the below topic which encompasses on
administration, education, efficiency, quality, strategies and students.
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“Improving Quality and Efficiency of Education in the Community”

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Assignment Questions
Write down an assignment on the below topic which encompasses on administration,
education, efficiency, quality, strategies and students.

“Improving Quality and Efficiency of Education in the Community”

Introduction

It is necessary for the principals, heads, educators and other members to pay adequate
attention towards bringing about improvements in the quality and efficiency of education.
With advancements taking place and with the advent of globalization and modernization, it is
necessary to improve quality and efficiency of education. Improving quality and efficiency of
education would enable the individuals to satisfactorily achieve academic goals and enhance
the standing of educational institutions within the community.

Furthermore, the educators will incur the feeling of job satisfaction, develop motivation
towards the implementation of their job duties and feel pleasurable within the working
environment. Furthermore, students would also feel pleasurable and develop interest and
enthusiasm towards enriching their academic performance.

The main areas which require special attention in this assignment are categorized as below:
a. Strategies implemented by teachers to improve quality and efficiency of education,
b. Additional ways to enhance quality and efficiency of the system of education,
c. And improving quality and efficiency of education through effective administration.

Teachers Quality in the system of education is referred to the concept, which is evolving at a
rapid pace over a period of time. Excellence and values are crucial terms, which need to be
taken into consideration to bring about improvements in quality and efficiency of education
(Maciuk, 2013).

But in the system of education, there are differences in terms of national education sectors,
cultures, and stakeholders. Stakeholders include, students, teachers, policy-makers, business
community, unions and so forth (Fredriksson, 2004).

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All the individuals need to work in co-ordination and integration with each other to enhance
the quality of the system. Quality of education primarily is focused upon the learning
achievements of students and bringing about reformations in traditional curriculum and
standards.

Another aspect of quality is, it pertains to the relevance of what is taught and learned. The
system should be compatible to the needs and requirements of individuals. The education that
is provided in schools, training centers and higher educational institutions, should make
provision of knowledge and information to the students that would be beneficial and
meaningful to them in enriching their lives.

Definition of Efficiency

The meaning of the term ‘efficiency’ is competence, productivity, efficacy and proficiency.
In not only the field of education, but in every field, the individuals aim that they should be
efficient in the implementation of tasks and activities. When one carries out his or her job
duties with efficiency, then the individuals are able to produce the desired outcomes, achieve
institutional goals and objectives in an appropriate manner, incur job satisfaction and are able
to acquire promotional opportunities and augment their career prospects.

Learning of the individuals takes place throughout their lives. The individuals employed in
the education field are required to generate awareness and learn various aspects throughout
their employment. Therefore, acquisition of needed information is one of the most significant
aspects of promoting efficiency in one’s tasks and activities.

In order to be efficient and generate productive outcomes, the individuals need to take into
account various factors. These are, acquisition of information, generating awareness,
inculcating the traits of diligence, resourcefulness and conscientiousness, implementing
effective time management skills, and possessing the abilities to work under stress and coping
with problems and challenges.

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Strategies

a. Strategies implemented by teachers to improve quality and efficiency of education

Teachers are regarded to be rendering a significant contribution in promoting quality and

efficiency within the system of education. They are the individuals, who not only impart
knowledge and information to the students in terms of academic concepts, but also inculcate
the traits of morality, ethics, truthfulness and honesty among them. Apart from acquisition of
academic knowledge and information, these traits are also essential to enable individuals to
sustain their living conditions in an appropriate manner.

The strategies that are implemented by the teachers to improve quality have been stated as
follows:

i. Quality Awareness.

The ability of the teachers to improve quality awareness is focusing upon their teaching
methods. The primary job of the teachers is to ensure that they put into operation the
teaching-learning methods in a satisfactory manner. This would help students to acquire
efficient understanding of the concepts.

The teachers are required to conduct an analysis of the methods used and implement
alternative methods. To create an increased quality awareness among teachers and help them
improve their teaching methodology and skills, it is vital to put into practice, self-evaluation
methods. The teachers need to self-evaluate their own teaching methods. This would help
them in identifying the Flaws and inconsistencies and bring about improvements. One
concept that is used on frequent basis is school-based evaluation. It is the process, by which
teachers discuss their own school as a group of professionals, in a manner to bring about
improvements in the quality of education (Fredriksson, 2004).

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ii. Professional Freedom

The professional freedom of the teacher is regarded to be of utmost significance in bringing

about improvements in the quality of education. The professional freedom is primarily
associated with making decisions in terms of the methods, used to create an optimal learning
situation.

It is also considered crucial in enabling the teachers to implement teaching methods that are
independent of any political, economic, ideological or religious influence. The teachers need
to be creative and resourceful in the implementation of their job duties. How the teaching-
learning methods are utilized within the classroom should not be prescribed by persons
outside the classrooms. This does not mean that teachers cannot take any ideas and
suggestions from other individuals. But they need to ensure that they make use of different
models, approaches and innovative methods in their teaching-learning methods and
instructional strategies (Fredriksson, 2004).

iii. Professional Ethics

Teaching jobs are difficult. The teachers need to cope with number of problems and
challenges in their teaching. In educational institutions at all levels, they need to ensure that
they make provision of equal rights and opportunities to all students. There should not be
any discrimination on the basis of factors such as, caste, creed, race, ethnicity, religion,
gender, age and socio-economic background. In schools and higher educational institutions,
apart from teaching, teachers are vested with number of job responsibilities. They are
required to remain updated in terms of modern and innovative methods and strategies.

For this purpose, they need to conduct research on regular basis and establish communication
terms with other individuals. One of the important aspects is, teachers need to ensure that
students are treated with respect and courtesy. They should avoid any kind of harsh treatment
and deal with students with kindness and consideration. Apart from students, they need to
ensure that they depict professional ethics while dealing with other members of the
educational institutions as well.

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iv. Organizing student learning opportunities

The teachers need to organize student learning opportunities. These are referred to the
opportunities that would augment student learning. The students should be encouraged to
participate in activities and functions and they should not merely acquire knowledge by
listening to class lectures. The various student learning opportunities are, their participation in
activities, tasks and other functions.

For instance, in educational institutions, when seminars and workshops are organized, then
students are encouraged to give presentations or speeches regarding various topics. Hence,
this enables them to not only augment academic knowledge but also develop effective
communication skills. When organizing student learning opportunities, teachers are the ones,
who use their own discretion.

But in some cases, they do take into consideration, ideas and suggestions that are provided by
students. The opportunities should be beneficial to the students and help them achieve
academic goals.

v. Managing Student Learning Progression

In educational institutions at all levels, students are different in terms of learning abilities.
Some students are able to acquire an understanding of academic concepts rapidly, whereas,
others take time in understanding. When the students are able to depict good academic
performance, then teachers feel satisfied and form the viewpoint that their teaching-learning
methods are productive.

On the other hand, when students experience set-backs, then teachers normally feel
concerned not only regarding the academic performance of students, but also regarding the
teaching-learning methods.

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Therefore, managing student learning progression is one of the valuable strategies that would
help the teachers to improve quality of the system of education and students in acquiring a
better understanding of academic concepts and achieve academic goals. The teachers need
to put into operation effective evaluation methods. They need to give regular class and
homework assignments to the students, ask questions in terms of lessons, at the beginning of
every class lecture and organize tests at the end of each lesson plan.

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(b) Additional ways to enhance quality and efficiency of the systems of education

These strategies would be assisting to the teachers in understanding how the students are
progressing.

i. Developing student commitment to working and learning

To improve the quality of education, the teachers need to ensure that students are committed
to working and learning. Research has indicated that in some cases, students do not depict
interest in acquisition of education. Lack of commitment and interest even compel them to
drop out, even before their educational skills are honed.

Therefore, it the job responsibility of the teachers to put into practice the measures that would
increase commitment on the part of the students. One of the most effectual measures is,
giving them rewards. The rewards that are given to the students depends upon the level of
education. Some of the examples of rewards are, good remarks, gift items, trophies,
certificates and so forth. Apart from giving rewards, teachers are required to develop
effective communication and facilitate the recognition of the significance of education among
students.

ii. Working in teams

In educational institutions to achieve academic goals and objectives, one needs to work in
collaboration and integration with others. Developing effective terms and relationships with
others is regarded to be of utmost significance in performing one’s job duties in a well-
organized manner and achieving educational goals.

The strategy of teamwork, not only applies to the teachers, but also to the students. At all
levels of education, from pre-schools to universities, teachers encourage students to form
effective communication skills and work in teams. When they are working on group projects,
then they need to collaborate with each other.

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When teachers work in teams, then normally they exchange ideas and perspectives primarily
in terms of their job requirements and how to implement them in a proficient manner.
Furthermore, they seek assistance from each other to provide solutions to any problems or
challenges that they may experience. Working in teams is crucial to carry out ones job duties
with adeptness and dexterity.

iii. Participation in school curriculum and organization development

Participation in school curriculum and organization development are crucial job

responsibilities of teachers. When they obtain employment opportunities, then these are the
two aspects, which they primarily focus upon.

They are required to generate awareness and develop information in terms of school
curriculum and instructional methods and development of the organization. In order to
augment their understanding and participate in these areas, they are required to put into
operation various measures.

These are, conducting research on regular basis, establishing effective communication terms
with other individuals, these include, principals, directors, students, community members,
members of other institutions and parents, upgrade information in terms of various aspects,
encourage their participation in various tasks and activities and possess effective decision-
making skills.

With the adequate implementation of these factors, they are able to bring about developments
in school curriculum as well as development of the educational institutions.

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iv. Promoting parent and community commitment

The teachers as well as principals and directors of the educational institutions are encouraged
to form effective communication processes with parents and community members in terms of
various aspects. The major ones include, learning and development of students,
implementation of effective instructional methods and bringing about developments in the
overall system of education.

The primary emphasis is put upon students. When students, particularly experience learning
disabilities and do not generate good academic outcomes, then teachers normally organize
discussion meetings with parents. They need to acquire information in terms of how much
time does a student devote towards studies at home or whether their parents teach them or
they have recruited private tutors for them and so forth.

The teachers give ideas and suggestions to the parents in terms of methods and approaches
that would enhance the academic outcomes of the students. Hence, promoting parent and
community commitment is one of the effectual strategies for leading to growth and
progression of students.

v. Using new technologies in daily functioning

In order to enhance the quality of education, it is essential to put into practice, modern and
innovative methods. Technology is regarded as most important in not only the field of
education, but in other fields as well.

There are number of benefits of technologies and through its operative usage, individuals are
able to perform the tasks and activities in a manageable and less time-consuming manner.
Through the use of internet, individuals are able to acquire knowledge and enhance their
understanding in terms of various areas, subjects and concepts. In some cases, teachers are
not well-equipped with usage of technologies.

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Hence, to augment their understanding, they get enrolled into training centers. At the initial
stage, the individuals in some cases do not feel comfortable in making use of technologies.
But with thorough practice and making use of them on daily basis, they are able to acquire
proficiency. The use of technologies in the implementation of not only teaching-learning
methods, but also administrative, managerial, and clerical functions would render a
significant contribution in bringing about improvements in quality and efficiency of
education. Additional

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(c) Ways to enhance quality and efficiency of the system of education

There are additional ways to enhance quality and efficiency of the system of education and
these have been stated as follows:

i. Improvement in quality of components

In order to bring about improvements in the quality and efficiency of the system of education,
it is necessary to bring about improvements in the quality of its components. The major
components include, curriculum and instructional systems, programs and procedures, policies
and rules, evaluation procedures, academic literature, extra-curricular activities, teaching
methods, library facilities, technology, modern and innovative methods, organization of
activities and so forth.

The school authorities and teachers need to ensure that when these components are
implemented, they prove to be beneficial to the teachers as well as the students. In other
words, their quality should be superior and eminent (Kousainov, 2016).

ii. Improving the quality of standards and curriculum

The standards and curricula are normally implemented on the basis of subjects and concepts
that are being taught. Furthermore, the learning abilities and age groups of students too are
taken into consideration. When the teachers are instructing students regarding English,
science or social science lesson plans, then they need to ensure that they provide adequate
explanations in terms of the concepts and dictate notes.

Whereas, in subjects such as, mathematics, when students need to solve numerical problems,
then the teachers are required to write on the black-board and provide explanation to the
students. But it is vital on the part of the students to pay adequate attention in class.

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iii. Improving the quality of academic literature

The major limitation that is encountered in writing academic literature is the absence of the
unified author group, which create textbooks and creative works. When the students
belonging to different standards study the same subject with the textbooks that are authored
by different individuals, then in most cases, they are unable to acquire an efficient
understanding of the concepts (Kousainov, 2016).

Therefore, for improving the quality of academic literature, it is essential for the students to
make use of technology. In the present existence, there have been introduction of learning
apps, which develops motivation among students towards learning.

iv. Improving professionalism among school personnel.

Within educational institutions at all levels, there are number of individuals, who find
employment opportunities. They are recruited in various positions, on the basis of their
educational qualifications, competencies and aptitude. These include, directors, principals,
teachers, and administrative staff members, individuals involved in the implementation of
managerial, technical and clerical job duties, office workers and so forth. These individuals
need to possess the essential skills and abilities that are required to carry out one’s job duties
in a well-organized manner.

Apart from skills and abilities, they need to possess effective communication skills, inculcate
the traits and morality and ethics, depict efficiency and conscientiousness in the
implementation of tasks and activities and depict professionalism in their conduct.

v. Improving the quality of educational monitoring

It is a well-known fact that one cannot bring about improvements in what cannot be
measured. Hence, emphasis is put upon the formation of system of educational monitoring
not only in India, but in other countries of the world as well. To bring about improvements in
the quality of certain factors, it is necessary to evaluate them (Kousainov, 2016).

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For instance, when improvements need to be made in the teaching-learning methods and
instructional strategies, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of students. In higher
educational institutions, students are also provided with the rights to evaluate their teachers.
They are usually given a survey questionnaire, on which there are questions regarding various
aspects.

These include, teaching methods, possession of knowledge, abilities of the teachers to solve
problems experienced by students and so forth. When the teachers receive fair outcomes, then
they usually maintain their strategies, otherwise, they are required to make improvements.

vi. Improving the quality of moral and personnel upbringing

The individuals get enrolled in educational institutions to acquire educational qualifications.

Apart from acquisition of educational qualifications, it is vital for them to understand how to
make effective use of their education to lead to personal upbringing, and develop into ethical
and moral human beings.

Education establishes the foundation on the basis of which, individuals are able to implement
various tasks and activities that are needed to sustain one’s living conditions in an appropriate
manner. Making effective use of education to bring about improvements in the quality of
moral and personnel upbringing would help the individuals to achieve personal and
professional goals.

vii. Improving the quality of research

To bring about improvements in the quality of secondary education, senior secondary

education and higher education, it is necessary to understand the significance of research.
Research is normally implemented through three ways.

First is through reading books, articles, documents, reports and other reading materials,
second is through making use of internet, one is able to acquire information regarding all
subjects and concepts through internet and third is field research.

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In field research, individuals normally make visits to various places and meet people. They
collect data and information either through surveys, which is quantitative research and other
is through interviews, which is qualitative research. The individuals need to possess efficient
knowledge and information in terms of ways of conducting research.

viii. Improving the quality of management system.

Within the system of education, management and administrative functions are regarded to be
of utmost significance. The administrative staff members are required to maintain all the
paperwork and documents. In order to bring about improvements in the quality of
management system, the individual’s need to possess efficient skills and abilities. They need
to possess adequate technical skills.

As use of technology would enable them to carry out their tasks and activities in an
appropriate manner. The efficiency of the quality management system in education depends
upon the continuity in the management system, from the management of the authorized body
to school management (Kousainov, 2016).

The management system in educational institutions is applicable to various aspects. These

include, teaching-learning methods, instructional strategies, resources, library facilities,
laboratories, technologies, infrastructure, equipment, civic amenities and overall
environmental conditions.

ix. Improving the quality of material and technical base

To carry out various tasks and functions, apart from possession of skills and capabilities, the
individuals need to make effectual use of quality of materials and technical base. The
materials, equipment, resources, machinery and technologies are regarded as indispensable
aspects that promote the implementation of tasks and activities in a well-organized manner.

In some cases, when teachers and other members of the educational institutions are not well-
equipped with usage of technology or other materials, then they normally get enrolled in
training centers to generate awareness in terms of technologies, equipment and machinery.
Furthermore, there are organization of workshops as well. These are attended by teachers,

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students and other members. Professionals and experts are usually invited to give speeches
and presentations in these workshops. Through attending workshops, individuals are able to
enhance information and are able to meet their job requirements satisfactorily.

x. Formulation of policies and rules.

In order to carry out the functioning of the educational institutions in an appropriate manner,
to promote discipline and to ensure that operations are satisfactorily put into practice, it is
necessary to formulate policies and rules.

The authorities formulate more responsive equitable policies and access to information and
proactive transparency would help the individuals to promote high integrity standards and fair
and efficient use of resources (Building more Effective, Accountable, and Inclusive
Institutions for All, 2015).

With the formulation of policies and rules, individuals are also able to understand that they
should deal with others with respect and courtesy and cope with all problems and challenges
in a well-organized manner. In some cases, girls and women get subject to criminal acts and
mistreatment. They are not given equal rights and opportunities as boys. Hence, it is vital to
ensure that equal rights and opportunities are provided to girls and women and they are
treated with respect and courtesy.

Improving Quality and Efficiency of Education through Effective Administration.

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Administration is referred to as the group of individuals, who are vested with the authority
and responsibility of formulating rules and policies. The two components that determine the
success of the system of administration are efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency is referred
to the ability of the system to implement the programs at minimal cost. Whereas,
effectiveness is referred to the measures that would be put into operation by the system to
achieve the desired goals and objectives (Ibrahim, & Umar, 2016).

The individuals, who are in leadership positions need to ensure that they adequately lead and
guide the individuals towards the right direction. In promoting effective administration, there
is a need to adopt the series of administrative strategies that are result and goal oriented.
Educational administration is also referred to as a comprehensive effort that is intended
towards the achievement of educational goals and objectives.

Furthermore, educational practices and operations are also taken into account that are
pertinent within the system of education. The directors, heads or principals are the ones, who
need to put into operation the measures and approaches, particularly focusing upon the
quality of instruction and teaching methods.

As teaching methods are regarded to be of utmost significance for any educational institution,
especially to achieve the desired goals and objectives. Furthermore, continual professional
learning needs to be improved by focusing on research-based strategies (Ibrahim, & Umar,
2016).

In addition, individuals are required organize discussion meetings and obtain ideas and
suggestions from each other. The principals or directors should listen to ideas and suggestions
that are given by other individuals. When major decisions are to be made concerning the
functioning or implementation of tasks and activities, then the heads are also required to
consult teachers and other members. The decisions that are made should be beneficial to the
individuals, particularly students.

The principals, teachers as well as the staff members need to ensure that they put into practice

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the measures and approaches that would enable them to augment productivity and depict
professionalism. The teachers need to work in collaboration and integration with the
principals, or directors, administrative staff members, colleagues and students. There are
number of tasks and activities, regarding which they need to work in co-ordination with
others.

Some important aspects include, development of curriculum and instructional systems,

evaluation procedures, implementation of training and development programs, organization
of creative activities, problem solving, decision making and participating in peer
observations. In order to achieve educational goals, developing interactions is regarded as an
integral part of job duties of the individuals.

They need to form effective communication skills and develop good terms and relationships
with the other members of the educational institutions. It is of utmost significance for the
leaders and school authorities to maintain cordial relationships between schools and
communities (Ibrahim, & Umar, 2016).

The reason being, the strategies and approaches need to be in accordance to the community
requirements. When educational institutions initiate policies, practices and approaches, then
they need to ensure that they are able to promote welfare and goodwill of the community.

Conclusion and Recommendation

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The significance of education is comprehensively recognized by the individuals, belonging to
all categories and backgrounds. The individuals have formed this viewpoint that they will be
able to enrich their lives, when they would acquire education. Good quality education can be
attained, when improvements will take place in the quality and efficiency of the system of
education.

Teachers are the ones, who render a significant contribution in making improvements within
the system of education. Strategies implemented by teachers to improve quality and
efficiency of education are, quality awareness, professional freedom, professional ethics,
organizing student learning opportunities, managing student learning progression, developing
student commitment to working and learning, working in teams, participation in school
curriculum and organization development, promoting parent and community commitment
and using new technologies in daily functioning. When the teachers and other members of the
educational institutions are well-aware of these factors, then they need to pay adequate
attention towards their implementation.

The additional ways to enhance quality and efficiency of the system of education are,
improvement in quality of components, improving the quality of standards and curricula,
improving the quality of academic literature, improving professionalism among school
personnel, improving the quality of educational monitoring, improving the quality of moral
and personnel upbringing, improving the quality of research, improving the quality of
management system, improving the quality of material and technical base and formulation of
policies and rules.

Within the system of education at all levels, major focus is put upon improving the quality of
teaching-learning methods and instructional strategies. Furthermore, one pays adequate
attention towards improving the quality of other aspects within the environmental conditions.
These include, infrastructure, amenities, materials, equipment, technologies and the overall
environmental conditions. Finally, it can be stated that individuals need to generate awareness
and put into operation the strategies and approaches to improve quality and efficiency of the
education system on a continuous basis.

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