What is Internet?

Internet is a global network made up of millions of computers. These computers are communicating
with each other allowing people to share information in a variety of ways.

The internet operates through physical cables; even wireless connection relies on these cables to access
the global network

A Server is a device where data or websites are stored. It sends back your requested information back to
your device. It is sometimes housed in a data center.

Data – text, images, videos, sound, etc.

How does the Internet Work?

Internet is everywhere and nowhere – phone, TV, computer,….

When you receive a notification, send e-mail or access a site, the data is sent via cable that is found all
over the globe to reach the recipient

The data you want to access are far away from you and are stored in the server (Google, Facebook…) of
companies who owned the data. The data may be transmitted via satellite but useless because its
bandwidth is very limited and leads to long delay. So, the solution it to use cables – fiber optic cables.
These cables cross the earth – under the sea, up the hill, on land…

Data Center - Server - Solid Date Device – website

IP Address – unique number of each device connected to the internet. It is given by you internet service
provider (ISP)

Through the IP data can be delivered to the right device/recipient

Domain Name – use in substitute of IP address, so users can easily remember the site they want to
access. Ex google.com

DNS Server – acts like a phonebook – it contains the IP address and its equivalent Domain Name

User DNS -Server

Data from data center – cables (light pulses) – router ( electrical signal) – internet cable/wifi – user
(data in original format)

Mobile Data

Signal is transmitted thru the same fiber optic cables to a cell tower then transmitted to your mobile
device in the form of electromagnetic waves
History of Internet

World Wide Web

WWW / Web – content roaming around the Internet

Data – information

Multimedia - videos, music, movies, pictures

Web pages- news, blogs, vlogs, entertainments, social networking

URL – Uniform Resource Locator / Web Address

To find a particular content in the web.

It is type in the search engine of our web browser ex. 172.217.11.46 (IP address) or the domain
name http:// www. youtube.com

http - it is the default (hypertext transfer protocol)

hypertext is a link that you can click on and will transfer you to some website. It can be a
text, a picture, a video or an object .
 www – tells the computer that we are accessing the word l wide web – an application in the
Internet that is used to access the materials on the web

domain name or the business name – ex. youtube

type of domain or geographical location ex. .com .org .edu.ph

https:// - the s stands for secure, meaning that the data you are sending or receiving to and
from your computer is encrypted.

What is Web page?

- an html (hypertext mark-up language) document, a web document
- it can consist of text, images, multimedia, and hyperlinks

Website

When you type something on the search engine – either the URL or website address you
will be transported to a website, so what you see on your screen is the web page of a
website, you click page up or page down and you will see the other pages of the website or
if you click on a hyperlink another page or website will be opened

It consist of

- domain name
- collection of pages (static or interactive)
- navigation ( a menu or something to click on)

Hyperlink

- text, image or object

- clickable
- interactive
- perform an action
- transfer you to another location

when you move your mouse and it changes to hand symbol that object or text is a
hyperlink

URL Shortening

- to make address easier to remember

- address is easier to share
- TinyURL.com and bitly.com - apps to make aliases to long internet addresses

Types of Websites

- Portal – offers a variety of services such as e-mail, games, search, news, stocks. It a sites
that offers you a gateway to other types of site ex. Yahoo.com
- News – contains news whether local or international ex. cnn.com
- Informational – websites design as a resource to get information about a particular topic
ex. recipe.com
- Business - websites of a company to advertise their product or services or serve as their
location online. A business website is a must nowadays.
- Blog – maintained by individual or companies about updates or personal remarks about
a topic or a personal journal. It provides a way to learn about people, events and places
around the world through their experiences. It comes from the words- web (online)
and log (log book or diary)
- Wiki – an open editing database allowing any user to add and update information. It is
known as simple online database that community decides what information is relevant
for each page or definition. Ex Wikipedia
- Social Networks – a website that brings people together ex. facebook, twitter
- Educational – for academic or educational purposes, tutorials..
- Entertainment – online videos, gambling, gaming anything for leisure or fun ex. neflix
- Advocacy – advocates or support a particular cause ex. greenpeace
- Application (SAAS – software as a service) – websites that provides access to other
online software for free via a web browser ex google docs
- Content aggregator – generates their contents from rss feed or news feeds about
various topics or categories ex popurls.com
- Personal website – your own space online or individual website, mostly artist or
celebrities have their own website before but now they have their facebook/Instagram
account for following.
The Web Browser
Search Engines

- An on line application
- You need a web browser to use it
- Indexes websites – search bots crawl the internet to search for the information requested
- Returns the most relevant result base on special algorithms
o Keywords and phrases are typed into search box
o List of relevant result is returned
o The result list contains descriptions, images, links and related searches

Popular Search Engines

Search Tips
 - Keep it simple
- Use keywords and phrases
- Use Quotes “ “ if you want to search for those precise words ex. “ I can buy myself
flowers”
- Use hyphen ( - ) to exclude words ex. Toyota –wigo
- Use colon ( : ) for to do the searching for the specific site ex. student handbook
site:pup.edu.ph
- Use operator syntax – AND, OR, *, DEFINE, SITE, CACHE

Web browser – an application that we use to load and read web pages/content

Search Engine – also an application but runs in the browser that allow us to search the internet
and find information

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