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problem_set_2_29Jan_2025

The document outlines Problem Set-2 for the Communication-II (Digital Communication) course at IIT Kharagpur, released on January 29, 2025. It includes a series of problems related to probability mass functions (PMF), expected values, and variances across various scenarios involving random variables and independent trials. The problems are sourced from a specific textbook and cover topics such as random key selection, coin tosses, stock market profits, and Poisson distributions.

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Arup Basak
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54 views5 pages

problem_set_2_29Jan_2025

The document outlines Problem Set-2 for the Communication-II (Digital Communication) course at IIT Kharagpur, released on January 29, 2025. It includes a series of problems related to probability mass functions (PMF), expected values, and variances across various scenarios involving random variables and independent trials. The problems are sourced from a specific textbook and cover topics such as random key selection, coin tosses, stock market profits, and Poisson distributions.

Uploaded by

Arup Basak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication-II (Digital Communication)

Course ID: EC 31204


Course Instructor: Amitalok J. Budkuley
Problem Set-2
Release date: 29-01-2025 (Wednesday)
Department of Electrical & Electronics Communication Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Note: Most of the problems are sourced from Chapters 2 of the book by BT, see references below.
1. You just rented a large house and the realtor gave you 5 keys, one for each of the 5 doors of the house.
Unfortunately, all keys look identical. So to open the front door, you try them at random.
(a) Find the PMF of the number of trials you will need to open the door, under the following alternative
assumptions: ( 1 ) after an unsuccessful trial, you mark the corresponding key so that you never try it
again, and (2) at each trial you are equally likely to choose any key.
(b) Repeat part (a) for the case where the realtor gave you an extra duplicate key for each of the 5 doors.
2. Let X be a random variable that takes values from 0 to 9 with equal probability 1/10.
(a) Find the PMF of the random variable Y = X mod(3).
(b) Find the PMF of the random variable Y = 5 mod(X + 1 ) .
3. Let a and b be positive integers with a ≤ b, and let X be a random variable that takes as values, with equal
probability, the powers of 2 in the interval [2a , 2b ]. Find the expected value and the variance of X .
4. Two coins are simultaneously tossed until one of them comes up a head and the other a tail. The first coin
comes up a head with probability p and the second with probability q. All tosses are assumed independent
(a) Find the PMF, the expected value, and the variance of the number of tosses.
(b) What is the probability that the last toss of the first coin is a head?
5. A stock market trader buys 100 shares of stock A and 200 shares of stock B. Let X and Y be the price changes
of A and B, respectively. over a certain time period, and assume that the joint PMF of X and Y is uniform
over the set of integers x and y satisfying
−2 ≤ x ≤ 4, −1 ≤ y − x ≤ 1
(a) Find the marginal PMFs and the means of X and Y .
(b) Find the mean of the trader’s profit .
6. Alice passes through four traffic lights on her way to work, and each light is equally likely to be green or red,
independent of the others.
(a) What is the PMF, the mean, and the variance of the number of red lights that Alice encounters?
(b) Suppose that each red light delays Alice by exactly two minutes. What is the variance of Alice’s commuting
time?
7. A particular professor is known for his arbitrary grading policies. Each paper receives a grade from the set
{A, A−, B + .B, B−, C+}, with equal probability, independent of other papers. How many papers do you
expect to hand in before you receive each possible grade at least once?
8. Consider a sequence of i.i.d. Bernoulli trials {Xi }∞ ∞
i=1 with parameter p. Let us define a new sequence {Zi }i=1
of binary variables where Zi = 0 when Xi = 0, ∀i. However, when Xi = 1, we have Zi = 0 or Zi = 1 with
probability (1 − q) and q resp., where q ∈ [0, 1], and q is a fixed parameter. {Zi } is obviously a sequence of
binary variables but does it qualify to called an i.i.d. sequence of trials? Argue for either yes or no.
9. Suppose that the number of people who visit a yoga studio each day is a Poisson random variable with mean
λ. Suppose further that each person who visits is, independently, female with probability p or male with
probability 2 − p. Find the joint probability that exactly n women and m men visit the academy today.
10. Let U1 ,U2 ,... be a sequence of independent uniform (0, 1) random variables, and let
N = min{n ≥ 2 : Un > Un−1 }.
Find the distribution of N, and then, find the mean of N.
References
1. Dimitri Bertsekas, and John N. Tsitsiklis, Introduction to probability., Vol. 1. Athena Scientific, 2008.
2. L. Peterson, B. S. Davie, Computer networks: a systems approach (ed. 5) Elsevier, 2007.

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