Name: Mohammed Salama Abdelwahab issa

ID: 20180718

GR: 61

DR: Ahmed Samir

Eng: Mohamed Fathy

( Revision Questions )
Question 1

1) Draw a block diagram of a PLC showing the main functional items & how buses link them,
explaining the function of each block.
Sol.

Question 2

A control machine is required to direct 6 tins along one path for packing in a box and then 12
tins along another path for packing in another box. A deflector plate might be controlled by a
photo cell sensor which gives an output at every time a tin passes it.
Using the Ladder diagram design PLC program for this control machine.
 Sol.

Question 3

If the maximum time Delay of a PLC timer is 100 second, using

This PLC, design a PLC Ladder Diagram that delays the start of printing machine 470 seconds
after pressing the start switch
Sol.
Question 4

1) Tow machines have to operate separately, when the you press a start switch machine A is
on and still on for 5 hours and then turns off and in the same time (At this time point when
machine A turns off) machine B starts to be on for 3 hours and then turns off and in the
same time machine A starts to be on again for 5 hours, The mentioned sequence repeats
itself as long as you are pressing the start switch.
a) Sketch the time diagram that shows the operation of the start switch machine A and machine
B.
b) Design a plc ladder diagram that controls this operation.
Sol.

Question 5
A pump is required to be activated and pump liquid into a tank when the start switch is closed,
the level of liquid in the tank is below the required level and there is liquid in the reservoir from
which it is to be pumped.
➢ Design a PLC program to realize this control system.
 Sol.

Question 6

A valve has to be operated to lift a load when a pump is running and either the lift switch is
operated or a switch operated indicating that the load is at the bottom of its lift channel.
Design a PLC program to realize this control system.
Sol.
Question 7

Explain the following in the sequential function flow chart:

1. Parallel branching

2. Selective branching
3. Convergence

4. Simulant nous convergence

Question 8

Draw the Ladder rungs to represent:

a) Two switches are normally open and both have to be closed for a motor to operate.
b) Either of two, normally open, switches have to be closed for a coil to be energized and operate
an actuator.
c) A motor is switched on by pressing a spring-return push button start switch, and the motor
remains on until another spring-return push button stop switch is pressed.
d) A lamp is to be switched on if there is an input from sensor A or sensor B.
e) A light is to come on if there is no input to a sensor.
Sol.

Question 9

Design a ladder diagram for a motor controlled by stop and start push button switches and for
which one signal light must be illuminated when the power is applied to the motor and another
when it is not applied.
 Sol.

Question 10

A signal lamp is required to be switched on if a pump is running and the pressure is satisfactory,
or if the lamp test switch is closed.
Design a PLC program to realize this control system using statement list.
Sol.
Question 11

Mention the function (using wave timing diagram) and design the Plc ladder diagram for the
following devices:
1) Off delay timer.

2) Cascaded Timer.
3) One shot timer.

4) On-off Timer

5) Up counter
 6) Up and down counter

Question 12
➢ Define the following sensor performance terms:

1. Accuracy: is the extent to which the value indicated by a measurement system or element
might be wrong.
2. Sensitivity: indicates how much the output of an instrument system or system element
changes when the quantity being measured changes by a given amount, i.e. the ratio
output/input.
3. Response time: is the time which elapses after the input to a system or element is suddenly
increased from zero to a constant value.
4. Reliability: of a measurement system, or element in such a system, is defined as being the
probability that it will operate to an agreed level of performance, for a specified period,
subject to specified environmental conditions.

➢ What are the differences between the Normally Open and Normally Closed switches

Normally Open Normally Closed

NO switch has its contacts open in the NC switch has its contacts closed in the
absence of a mechanical input and absence of a mechanical input and
the mechanical input is used to close the the mechanical input is used to open the
switch. switch.
➢ Explain only two types of proximity sensors, and ensure to show (drawing, theory of
operation, range, applications)
The eddy current The reed switch.
It has a coil which is energized by a It consists of two overlapping, but not
constant alternating current and touching, strips of a springy
produces a constant alternating ferromagnetic material sealed in a
magnetic field. When a metallic glass or plastic envelope. When a
object is close to it, eddy currents are magnet or current-carrying coil is
Theory induced in it. The magnetic field due brought close to the switch, the strips
to these eddy currents induce an emf become magnetized and attract each
back in the coil with the result that the other. The contacts then close.
voltage amplitude needed to maintain
the constant coil current changes. The
voltage amplitude is thus a measure
of the proximity of metallic objects.
The voltage can be used to activate an used with burglar alarms to detect
electronic switch circuit, basically a when a door is opened; the magnet
transistor which has its output being in the door and the reed switch
Application switched from low to high by the in the frame of the door. When the
voltage change, and so give an on−off door opens the switch opens.
device.
Range typically, about 0.5 to 20 mm. 1 mm from the switch

Drawing
Question 13

➢ With help of sketch explain the operation of absolute encoder, and show how to increase
its resolution.
Sol.

It has a pattern of slots which uniquely defines each angular position. With the form shown
in the figure, The rotating disc has four concentric circles of slots and four sensors to detect
the light pulses. The slots are arranged in such a way that the sequential output from the
sensors is a number in the binary code, each such number corresponding to a particular
angular position.

With 4 tracks there will be 4 bits and so the number of positions that can be detected is 24 =
16 & the resolution of 360/16 = 22.5°. Typical encoders tend to have up to 10 or 12 tracks.
The number of bits in the binary number will be equal to the number of tracks. Thus with 10
tracks there will be 10 bits and so the number of positions that can be detected is 210 = 1024,
a resolution of 360/1024 = 0.35° To increase the resolution: increase the number of tracks.
Question 14

In a car park a deflector must be activated to prevent the cars from entering the park when
the park is full. If the capacity of the park is 100 cars and the park has entry gate and exit
gate.
1. Select the Input and output devices required for the operation of the system.
2. Design a PLC control program to achieve this task.
Sol.