Surface Moisture A test to measure concrete consistency and

workability by observing the slump after removing

Refers to the water adhering to the surface of a cone mold.
aggregate particles. It impacts the water-cement
ratio, workability, and overall strength of concrete.

Specific Gravity ITEM 311: Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Indicates the density of aggregate compared to 1. Portland Cement

water, affecting the material's strength, weight, and Cement used in concrete pavement; must
concrete stability. conform to Item 700 or ASTM/AASHTO
specifications. Mixing of different brands is
 Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD): Includes not allowed unless approved.
water in permeable pores under saturated 2. Fine Aggregate
surface-dry conditions. Composed of natural sand or inert materials
meeting gradation and quality requirements.
Absorption Should not exceed specified impurity levels.
3. Coarse Aggregate
The percentage of water an aggregate can absorb Made of crushed stone or approved inert
relative to its dry weight, influencing moisture materials, meeting gradation and durability
content and concrete durability. standards.
4. Water
Fineness of Cement Should be clean, free from harmful
substances, and meet the requirements of
Refers to the particle size of cement, which affects Item 714.
hydration rate, setting time, and strength. Measured 5. Proportioning and Consistency
through sieve analysis. Concrete design mix follows ACI Standard
211.1 and must meet minimum cement
Normal Consistency content and strength requirements.
6. Test Specimens
The specific water content required for a workable Beam specimens for flexural strength
cement paste, affecting hydration and workability. testing are required every 330 m² of
pavement per day.
Setting Time of Cement

The time for cement paste to transition from

workable to hardened. ITEM 405: Structural Concrete

 Initial Setting Time: Workable period. 1. Scope

 Final Setting Time: When the cement Covers furnishing and finishing concrete for
supports load. structural components, excluding
pavements. Concrete is a mixture of cement,
Concrete Mix Design Proportioning aggregates, water, and admixtures.
2. Classes of Concrete
The process of optimizing the combination of o Class A: Superstructures and heavily
cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water reinforced substructures.
for desired concrete strength, workability, and cost- o Class B: Pedestals, footings, and
effectiveness. lightly reinforced components.
o Class C: Thin sections, railings,
Compressive Strength Test precast elements.
o Class P: Prestressed concrete.
Evaluates the ability of concrete to withstand o Seal: Concrete for underwater
crushing loads. Key to assessing structural integrity. applications.
3. Material Requirements
Flexural Strength Test o Portland Cement: Conforms to
ITEM 311.
Measures concrete’s performance under bending o Fine Aggregate: Meets ITEM 311
loads, ensuring durability for pavements and roads. specifications.
o Coarse Aggregate: Meets ITEM
Slump Test 311 specifications but with Table
405.1 gradation.
 4. Sampling and Testing
Concrete cylinder specimens (150 x 300
mm) are tested for every 75 m³ placed daily. Important Concepts
5. Proportioning and Strength
Mix design follows ACI Standard 211.1 and  Slump Test Results:
must comply with strength requirements in o True Slump: Uniform settling of
Table 405.2. concrete.
o Zero Slump: Indicates low water-
cement ratio.
o Collapsed Slump: Too high water-
MODULE 4: HYDRAULIC CEMENT cement ratio or very wet mix.
o Shear Slump: Partial failure in one
1. Hydraulic Cement: A type of cement that sets direction; retesting needed.
and hardens upon contact with water through a  Compressive Strength Testing:
chemical reaction (hydration). o Conducted at specific ages (7, 14, and
2. Portland Cement: The most common type of 28 days).
hydraulic cement used in construction. o Formula: F=P/A, where F is stress, P is
3. Consistency: The relative mobility or fluidity of load, and A is area.
freshly mixed cement paste or concrete.  Flexural Strength:
4. Setting Time: o Measured using beam molds and
o Initial Setting Time: The time when calculated with the formula:
cement starts to lose its plasticity and R=PL/bd2
can bear light loads (typically ~30
minutes).
o Final Setting Time: The time when Key Important
Test Purpose
cement completely hardens and Apparatus Notes
achieves structural integrity.
5. Vicat Apparatus: A device used to determine Slump
Measures True, Zero,
the consistency and setting time of cement. cone,
Slump Test concrete Collapsed,
tamping
consistency Shear slump
Important Concepts rod

 Normal Consistency: The water content needed Measures Cylindrical

Compression Tested at 7,
to produce a cement paste that allows a specific compressive molds,
Test 14, 28 days
penetration of the Vicat plunger. strength UTM
 Factors Affecting Consistency:
Measures Beam Middle-third
o Water-cement ratio.
o Cement type and fineness.
Flexure Test flexural molds, fracture
o Aggregate size and shape. strength UTM preferred

Determines Penetration
Normal Vicat
water content of 5-7mm is
MODULE 5: CONCRETE TEST Consistency apparatus
in cement ideal
SPECIMEN
Assesses
Initial ~30
initial and Vicat
Key Terms and Definitions Setting Time mins, Final ~
final apparatus
several hours
1. Concrete: A composite material made from hardening
aggregates, hydraulic cement, and water.

2. Slump Test: A test to measure the consistency
of fresh concrete.
3. Compressive Strength: The ability of a material Module 6: Testing of Wood
to resist crushing under applied load.
4. Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture): The Mechanical Tests on Wood
ability of a concrete beam to resist bending or
flexure.  Primary Tests: Static bending, compression
5. Workability: The ease with which concrete can parallel/perpendicular to grain, shear parallel
be mixed, placed, and finished without to grain.
segregation.  Secondary Tests: Tension, impact, and
cleavage.
 Important Considerations:
o Mechanical properties vary
significantly.
 o Strength is influenced by species,  Grades:
density, moisture, etc. o Gr. 33: 230 MPa yield strength.
o Gr. 40: 275 MPa yield strength.
Key Tests o Gr. 60: 415 MPa yield strength.

1. Static Bending: Tensile Testing

o Determines the Modulus of Rupture:
(R = 3PL / 2bd²). 1. Yield Strength: Yield Strength=Load at
2. Compression Tests: Yield Point / Area.
o Parallel to Grain: Maximum
crushing strength (Smax = P / bd). 2. Ultimate Tensile Strength: Maximum
Load / Area
Perpendicular to Grain: Similar
o 3. Elongation Percentage: % Elongation =
calculation as above but for cross- (Final Length - Initial Length) / Initial
grain stress. Length * 100.
3. Shear Parallel to Grain:
o Measures shearing stress (Smax = P / Markings and Codes
Shearing Surface Area).
 Markings: Include producing mill, bar size,
steel type, and grade.
 Color Codes:
Module 7: Concrete Hollow Blocks o Regular: White (Gr. 33), Yellow (Gr.
40), Green (Gr. 60).
About CHBs o Weldable: Add Red to each regular
color.
 Precast materials made from cement,
aggregates, and water.
 Common in walls due to affordability and
durability.

Types and Dimensions

1. Types:
Load-bearing (structural).
o
Non-load-bearing (partitions and
o
dividers).
2. Standard Sizes:
o Length: 40 cm.
o Height: 20 cm.
o Width: 10 cm (4”) or 15 cm (6”).

Strength Requirements

 Load Bearing Blocks:

o Individual: 5.5 MPa minimum.
o Average (3 samples): 6.9 MPa
minimum.
 Non-Load Bearing Blocks:
o Individual: 3.45 MPa minimum.
o Average (3 samples): 4.14 MPa
minimum.

Module 8: Steel Bars

Types and Properties

 Deformed Bars: With surface ribs for better

bonding.
 Plain Bars: Smooth, used for temporary
structures.
Potential Multiple-Choice Questions

1. What is the main reaction responsible for the

hardening of hydraulic cement?
o A. Oxidation From ITEM 311: Portland Cement
o B. Evaporation Concrete Pavement
o C. Hydration
o D. Combustion 1. What is the minimum amount of cement
Answer: C required per cubic meter of concrete in ITEM
311?
2. Which test is used to determine the normal
consistency of Portland cement?  A. 250 kg
o A. Slump Test  B. 364 kg
o B. Compression Test  C. 500 kg
o C. Vicat Test  D. 300 kg
o D. Penetration Test Answer: B. 364 kg
Answer: C
2. What is the required slump range for vibrated
3. What is the typical range of water content concrete under ITEM 311 specifications?
(as a percentage of dry cement) for normal
consistency?  A. 40 to 75 mm
o A. 5% to 10%  B. 10 to 40 mm
o B. 20% to 30%  C. 50 to 100 mm
o C. 30% to 50%  D. 20 to 50 mm
o D. 50% to 70% Answer: B. 10 to 40 mm
Answer: B
3. What test method is used to determine the
Potential Multiple-Choice Questions flexural strength of concrete in ITEM 311?

 A. AASHTO T 119
1. What is the primary purpose of a slump test?
 B. AASHTO T 97
o A. To measure compressive strength.
 C. AASHTO T 23
o B. To determine the consistency of
 D. AASHTO T 177
fresh concrete.
Answer: B. AASHTO T 97
o C. To evaluate the water-cement ratio.
o D. To test the durability of hardened
concrete.
Answer: B
From ITEM 405: Structural Concrete
2. Which of the following is not a type of
slump result? 4. Which class of concrete is used for prestressed
o A. True Slump structures according to ITEM 405?
o B. Zero Slump
o C. Uniform Slump  A. Class A
o D. Collapsed Slump  B. Class B
Answer: C  C. Class P
 D. Class Seal
3. What is the standard diameter of a Answer: C. Class P
compression cylindrical mold used for
testing? 5. What is the size of the concrete cylinder used
o A. 4 inches for structural concrete testing in ITEM 405?
o B. 6 inches
o C. 8 inches  A. 100 mm x 200 mm
o D. 12 inches  B. 150 mm x 300 mm
Answer: B  C. 200 mm x 400 mm
 D. 150 mm x 150 mm
4. How is modulus of rupture calculated in Answer: B. 150 mm x 300 mm
flexure tests for beams?
o A. R=PLbd2R = \frac{PL}{bd^2} 6. What method is recommended for
o B. R=PAR = \frac{P}{A} proportioning concrete materials in ITEM 405?
o C. R=LbdR = \frac{L}{bd}
o D. R=3PLbdR = \frac{3PL}{bd}  A. Absolute volume method (ACI Standard
Answer: A 211.1)
  B. Batch weight method 12. How is the water used in concrete mixing
 C. Volumetric analysis assessed for quality in ITEM 311?
 D. None of the above
Answer: A. Absolute volume method (ACI  A. By ensuring it is free of oil, salt, and harmful
Standard 211.1) substances
 B. By testing its pH level only
 C. By visually inspecting for clarity
 D. By measuring its electrical conductivity
From Laboratory Exercises Answer: A. By ensuring it is free of oil, salt, and
harmful substances
7. What is the purpose of determining the
fineness of cement? 13. What is the maximum allowable wear for
coarse aggregate when tested by AASHTO T 96?
 A. To evaluate hydration rate and strength
 B. To determine water absorption  A. 10%
 C. To ensure compatibility with aggregates  B. 25%
 D. To measure setting time  C. 35%
Answer: A. To evaluate hydration rate and  D. 40%
strength Answer: D. 40%

8. Which apparatus is used to determine the

normal consistency of cement?
From ITEM 405: Structural Concrete
 A. Vicat Apparatus
 B. Pycnometer 14. Which class of concrete is typically used for
 C. Slump Cone thin reinforced sections and railings in ITEM
 D. Graduated Cylinder 405?
Answer: A. Vicat Apparatus
 A. Class A
9. In surface moisture testing, what is the oven  B. Class B
temperature range for drying aggregates?  C. Class C
 D. Class P
 A. 100 ± 5°C Answer: C. Class C
 B. 110 ± 5°C
 C. 120 ± 5°C 15. What is the frequency of sampling for
 D. 90 ± 5°C concrete cylinder test specimens under ITEM
Answer: B. 110 ± 5°C 405?

10. What is the primary property assessed  A. Every 50 cubic meters of concrete
during a slump test?  B. Every 75 cubic meters of concrete
 C. Every 100 cubic meters of concrete
 A. Concrete strength  D. Every 150 cubic meters of concrete
 B. Concrete workability Answer: B. Every 75 cubic meters of concrete
 C. Aggregate grading
 D. Cement fineness 16. Which test is NOT directly mentioned in
Answer: B. Concrete workability ITEM 405 for concrete quality control?

 A. Slump test
 B. Flexural strength test
From ITEM 311: Portland Cement  C. Compressive strength test
Concrete Pavement  D. Fineness of cement test
Answer: D. Fineness of cement test
11. Which material is NOT allowed for use as
fine aggregate in ITEM 311 without prior
approval?
From Laboratory Exercises
 A. River sand
 B. Crushed stone screenings 17. What is the standard penetration depth for
 C. Beach sand normal consistency using the Vicat apparatus?
 D. Natural sand
Answer: C. Beach sand  A. 3-5 mm from the bottom of the mold
 B. 5-7 mm from the bottom of the mold
  C. 7-10 mm from the bottom of the mold 23. What is the main purpose of proportioning
 D. 1-3 mm from the bottom of the mold concrete mixes using the absolute volume
Answer: B. 5-7 mm from the bottom of the method?
mold
 A. To ensure the mix has a uniform color
18. During the setting time test, what marks the  B. To optimize cement usage for cost efficiency
"final setting time" of cement?  C. To meet desired strength and workability
requirements
 A. When the cement stops absorbing water  D. To reduce the slump of the mix
 B. When the needle does not penetrate any Answer: C. To meet desired strength and
further workability requirements
 C. When the cement paste achieves normal
consistency
 D. When the Vicat needle reaches 5 mm from
the bottom From ITEM 405: Structural Concrete
Answer: B. When the needle does not
penetrate any further 24. What is the primary use of Class Seal
concrete as specified in ITEM 405?
19. What is the target slump value for concrete
in a slump test?  A. For prestressed concrete
 B. For railings and thin sections
 A. 10-40 mm  C. For underwater applications
 B. 20-75 mm  D. For retaining walls
 C. 50-100 mm Answer: C. For underwater applications
 D. Depends on the mix design requirements
Answer: D. Depends on the mix design 25. What is the maximum allowable clay content
requirements in coarse aggregates for ITEM 405?
20. In surface moisture testing, how is the  A. 0.5%
"original weight" of aggregate determined?  B. 1.0%
 C. 2.0%
 A. By soaking the aggregate in water  D. 3.5%
 B. By drying the aggregate completely in an Answer: B. 1.0%
oven
 C. By weighing the sample before drying 26. In ITEM 405, what happens if the source of
 D. By testing for absorption materials changes during the progress of work?
Answer: C. By weighing the sample before
drying
 A. The project continues with the new
materials.
 B. The mix design must be recalculated and
approved by the Engineer.
From ITEM 311: Portland Cement  C. The materials are discarded, and a new
Concrete Pavement supplier is selected.
 D. Testing is paused until the original materials
21. What is the required test for determining the are restored.
soundness of aggregates in ITEM 311? Answer: B. The mix design must be recalculated
and approved by the Engineer.
 A. AASHTO T 96
 B. Sodium sulfate soundness test
 C. AASHTO T 119
 D. Gradation analysis From Laboratory Exercises
Answer: B. Sodium sulfate soundness test
27. In the fineness of cement test, what sieve size
22. What is the specified maximum allowable is used to determine the particle size?
loss for fine aggregate in the sodium sulfate
soundness test?  A. No. 100 sieve
 B. No. 150 sieve
 A. 5%  C. No. 200 sieve
 B. 10%  D. No. 250 sieve
 C. 12% Answer: C. No. 200 sieve
 D. 15%
Answer: B. 10%
28. During the absorption test for fine aggregate, 4. What is the significance of determining the
what condition is used to identify the SSD state? setting time of cement?
o A. To calculate water absorption rate
 A. When the aggregate slumps after a cone test o B. To estimate the curing period
 B. When the aggregate retains its shape in a o C. To ensure proper handling and
cone test application
 C. When the aggregate is completely dry o D. To determine the cement's strength
 D. When the aggregate is submerged in water Answer: C
Answer: A. When the aggregate slumps after a
cone test 5. Which apparatus is specifically used to
determine the setting time of cement?
29. In the setting time test, what is used to o A. Slump cone
measure penetration depth? o B. Universal testing machine
o C. Vicat apparatus
 A. Slump cone o D. Compression mold
 B. Pycnometer Answer: C
 C. Vicat needle
 D. Tamping rod
Answer: C. Vicat needle
Concrete Test Specimen (Module 5)
30. What is the formula to calculate moisture
content in aggregates? 6. What does a collapsed slump in a slump test
indicate?
 A. (Original Weight – Oven Dry Weight ) × 100 / o A. The mix has low water-cement ratio.
Oven Dry Weight o B. The mix is too wet or highly
 B. (Original Weight + Oven Dry Weight) × 100 / workable.
Original Weight o C. The aggregate size is too large.
 C. Oven Dry Weight × 100 / Original Weight o D. The concrete is not compacted
 D. (Oven Dry Weight – Original Weight) ×
properly.
100 /Oven Dry Weight
Answer: B
Answer: A. (Original Weight - Oven Dry Weight)
7. Which property is primarily evaluated by the
x 100 / Oven Dry Weight
flexure test?
o A. Durability
o B. Compressive strength
o C. Shear resistance
Hydraulic Cement (Module 4) o D. Modulus of rupture
Answer: D
1. Which of the following factors does NOT
affect the normal consistency of cement? 8. Why are concrete specimens typically tested
o A. Water-cement ratio at 28 days?
o B. Size of aggregate o A. Concrete reaches its maximum
o C. Type and fineness of cement strength by then.
o D. Type of mixing apparatus o B. Concrete achieves a standard
Answer: D percentage of its strength.
o C. Moisture content is stabilized.
2. What property of hydraulic cement allows it o D. It is the industry standard for safety.
to set underwater? Answer: B
o A. Air-drying
o B. Plasticity 9. What is the typical slump value for concrete
o C. Hydration used in bridges?
o D. Capillary action o A. 1.5 to 3 inches
Answer: C o B. 6 to 8 inches
o C. 8 to 10 inches
3. During the Vicat test for normal consistency, o D. 0 to 1 inch
what is the required penetration depth for the Answer: B
test to be valid?
o A. 10-15 mm 10. When conducting a compression test, what
o B. 7-9 mm formula is used to calculate compressive
o C. 5-7 mm strength?
o D. 3-5 mm o A. F=Ld2F = {L}/{d^2}
Answer: C o B. F=PAF = {P}/{A}
 o C. F=PLAF = {PL}/{A} 2. What is the formula for Modulus of
o D. F=3PAF = {3P}/{A} Rupture in the static bending test?
Answer: B o A) R=PL/bd2R = PL/bd^2
o B) R=3PL/2bd2R = 3PL / 2bd^2
11. In the flexure test, if the fracture is outside o C) R=P/bdR = P/bd
the middle third of the span, what should be o D) R=2PL/3bd2R = 2PL / 3bd^2
done? Answer: B) R=3PL/2bd2R = 3PL / 2bd^2
o A. Average the result with middle-third
fractures. 3. What factors influence the strength of
o B. Increase the load until the middle- wood?
third fractures. o A) Species, moisture content, and
o C. Discard the result. density
o D. Multiply the result by a correction o B) Grain orientation and tensile load
factor. o C) Fiber type and texture
Answer: C o D) All of the above
Answer: A) Species, moisture content,
12. Which type of slump result indicates the mix and density
has good workability?
o A. Zero Slump 4. In compression parallel to grain, the
o B. True Slump maximum crushing strength is calculated
o C. Collapsed Slump as:
o D. Shear Slump o A) S=P/AreaS = P / Area
Answer: B o B) S=P/bdS = P / bd
o C) S=PL/bd2S = PL / bd^2
13. In a compression test, how is the area of the o D) S=3P/2bd2S = 3P / 2bd^2
cylindrical specimen calculated? Answer: B) S=P/bdS = P / bd
o A. A=πr2A = pi r^2
o B. A=πd2A = pi d/2 5. What is the purpose of the shear parallel
o C. A=2πdrA = 2 pi d/r to grain test?
o D. A=πd2A = pi d^2 o A) To calculate the crushing strength of
Answer: A wood
o B) To measure shearing stress on the
14. What is the standard span length for beam material
specimens in the flexure test? o C) To determine tension capacity of the
o A. 12 inches wood
o B. 18 inches o D) To assess wood’s thermal properties
o C. 21 inches Answer: B) To measure shearing stress
o D. 24 inches on the material
Answer: B
6. What size is typically used for the shear
15. What does the term "workability" refer to in parallel to grain test?
concrete? o A) 2 x 2 x 30 inches
o A. The ability of concrete to cure faster. o B) 2 x 2 x 2.5 inches
o B. The ease with which concrete can be o C) 2 x 2 x 6 inches
mixed and placed without segregation. o D) 2 x 2 x 8 inches
o C. The water-retaining property of Answer: B) 2 x 2 x 2.5 inches
concrete.
o D. The resistance of concrete to 7. What does the static bending test
cracking. primarily measure?
Answer: B o A) Shear strength
o B) Compressive load
o C) Modulus of Rupture
o D) Volumetric shrinkage
Module 6: Testing of Wood Answer: C) Modulus of Rupture

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary 8. Which apparatus is NOT used in the
mechanical test for wood? static bending test?
o A) Static bending o A) Base Unit
o B) Compression parallel to grain o B) Compressometer
o C) Shear parallel to grain o C) Bearing Block
o D) Tensile stress o D) Deflection Measuring Device
Answer: D) Tensile stress Answer: B) Compressometer
 9. What property increases when wood is o A) Compressive strength
thoroughly air-dried? o B) Durability
o A) Thermal insulation o C) Thermal and acoustic insulation
o B) Strength and stiffness o D) Flexural strength
o C) Electrical conductivity Answer: C) Thermal and acoustic
o D) Moisture retention insulation
Answer: B) Strength and stiffness
7. Which ASTM standard applies to load-
10. Timber is rarely subjected to what type of bearing CHBs?
stress in construction? o A) ASTM C 90
o A) Tensile stresses o B) ASTM C 129
o B) Compressive stresses o C) ASTM A 615
o C) Shear stresses o D) ASTM C 150
o D) Flexural stresses Answer: A) ASTM C 90
Answer: A) Tensile stresses
8. Which CHB type is designed for
structural purposes?
o A) Decorative blocks
Module 7: Concrete Hollow Blocks o B) Non-load-bearing blocks
o C) Load-bearing blocks
1. What are Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHBs) o D) Partition blocks
primarily made of? Answer: C) Load-bearing blocks
o A) Sand and clay
o B) Cement, aggregates, and water 9. How is compressive strength of a CHB
o C) Sand and gravel calculated?
o D) Cement and steel o A)
Answer: B) Cement, aggregates, and Strength=Load/Cross−sectionalareaStre
water ngth = Load / Cross-sectional area
o B)
2. What is the primary advantage of CHBs? Strength=LoadxCross−sectionalareaStre
o A) High cost ngth = Load x Cross-sectional area
o B) Resistance to moisture o C)
o C) Durability and affordability Strength=Cross−sectionalarea/LoadStre
o D) Electrical insulation ngth = Cross-sectional area / Load
Answer: C) Durability and affordability o D) None of the above
Answer: A)
Strength=Load/Cross−sectionalareaStre
3. What is the length of a standard CHB in
ngth = Load / Cross-sectional area
the Philippines?
o A) 30 cm
o B) 35 cm 10. What is the height of a standard CHB?
o C) 40 cm o A) 15 cm
o D) 50 cm o B) 20 cm
Answer: C) 40 cm o C) 25 cm
o D) 30 cm
Answer: B) 20 cm
4. What is the minimum compressive
strength for load-bearing CHBs?
o A) 3.45 MPa
o B) 4.14 MPa
o C) 5.5 MPa Module 8: Steel Bars
o D) 6.9 MPa
Answer: C) 5.5 MPa 1. What is another name for deformed steel
bars?
5. Non-load-bearing CHBs are typically o A) Rebars
used for: o B) Smooth bars
o A) Foundations o C) Alloy bars
o B) Partitions and dividers o D) Tension rods
o C) Load-bearing walls Answer: A) Rebars
o D) Beams and columns
Answer: B) Partitions and dividers 2. What type of steel bar is used for
temporary structures?
6. What does the hollow core in CHBs o A) Deformed bars
enhance? o B) Plain bars
 o C) Weldable bars UTS=MaximumLoad/AreaUTS =
o D) Reinforced bars Maximum Load / Area
Answer: B) Plain bars
10. What is a primary characteristic of
3. What is the yield strength of Grade 60 deformed steel bars?
steel bars? o A) Smooth surface
o A) 275 MPa o B) Ribs for better bonding with concrete
o B) 415 MPa
o C) 620 MPa o C) Made from synthetic materials
o D) 230 MPa o D) Used only in temporary structures
Answer: B) 415 MPa Answer: B) Ribs for better bonding with
concrete
4. What property is measured during tensile
testing of steel bars?
o A) Elongation
o B) Tensile strength Module 6: Testing of Wood (Additional
o C) Yield strength Questions)
o D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above 1. Which factor does NOT affect the
strength of wood?
5. What color code identifies Grade 40 o A) Species
weldable steel bars? o B) Density
o A) Yellow o C) Electrical conductivity
o B) Yellow and Red o D) Moisture content
o C) Green and Red Answer: C) Electrical conductivity
o D) White and Red
Answer: B) Yellow and Red 2. What is the specimen size for the static
bending test?
6. What is the primary purpose of deformed o A) 2 x 2 x 30 inches
steel bars? o B) 2 x 2 x 8 inches
o A) To resist tensile forces o C) 2 x 2 x 6 inches
o B) To resist compressive forces o D) 2 x 2 x 2.5 inches
o C) To reduce concrete use Answer: A) 2 x 2 x 30 inches
o D) To resist thermal expansion
Answer: A) To resist tensile forces 3. Why is the compressometer used in the
compression test?
7. What marking identifies the mill where a o A) To measure deflection
steel bar was produced? o B) To measure strain during loading
o A) Bar size o C) To test tensile properties
o B) Producing mill symbol o D) To calculate surface area
o C) Type of steel Answer: B) To measure strain during
o D) Grade marking loading
Answer: B) Producing mill symbol
4. What is the common unit for Modulus of
8. What is the commercial length of steel Rupture in wood?
bars? o A) MPa
o A) 6.0m to 12.0m o B) psi
o B) 5.0m to 10.0m o C) kg/cm²
o C) 10.0m to 15.0m o D) Newtons
o D) 12.5m to 20.0m Answer: B) psi
Answer: A) 6.0m to 12.0m
5. In static bending, what indicates the
9. How is ultimate tensile strength failure point?
calculated? o A) Maximum load
o A) UTS=LoadatYieldPoint/AreaUTS = o B) Deformation rate
Load at Yield Point / Area o C) Span length
o B) UTS=MaximumLoad/AreaUTS = o D) Modulus of elasticity
Maximum Load / Area Answer: A) Maximum load
o C) UTS=Stress/StrainUTS = Stress /
Strain 6. Which is NOT an apparatus for the
o D) UTS=Load/Cross−sectionalAreaUTS =
compression perpendicular to grain test?
Load / Cross-sectional Area o A) Testing machine
Answer: B)
 o B) Bearing block assembly 3. What is the primary test to assess CHB
o C) Base unit with knife edges strength?
o D) Dial indicator o A) Tension test
Answer: C) Base unit with knife edges o B) Compression test
o C) Shear test
7. What is the goal of testing shear parallel o D) Bending test
to grain? Answer: B) Compression test
o A) To observe failure due to shearing
forces 4. What is the gross area in CHB
o B) To determine bending capacity compression strength testing?
o C) To measure air-dried strength o A) Total area of block, including cavities
o D) To evaluate tensile performance o B) Solid portion of the block
Answer: A) To observe failure due to o C) Load-bearing edges only
shearing forces o D) Area without mortar joints
Answer: A) Total area of block,
8. What species of wood is used in the including cavities
sample worksheet?
o A) Narra 5. What ASTM standard covers non-load-
o B) Almon bearing CHBs?
o C) Mahogany o A) ASTM C 90
o D) Molave o B) ASTM C 129
Answer: B) Almon o C) ASTM A 615
o D) ASTM C 150
9. What is the importance of ensuring end Answer: B) ASTM C 129
surfaces are parallel in compression
testing? 6. What happens if CHBs fail during the
o A) To avoid strain errors compression test?
o B) To ensure proper force distribution o A) Record the minimum load
o C) To improve Modulus of Rupture o B) Calculate the maximum load at
o D) To eliminate deflection failure
Answer: B) To ensure proper force o C) Retest using a different sample
distribution o D) Use non-load-bearing classifications
Answer: B) Calculate the maximum load
10. At what rate is load applied during the at failure
compression perpendicular to grain test?
o A) 0.010 in/min 7. What type of CHB is used for partitions?
o B) 0.012 in/min o A) Load-bearing blocks
o C) 0.024 in/min o B) Non-load-bearing blocks
o D) 0.030 in/min o C) Composite blocks
Answer: B) 0.012 in/min o D) Thermal blocks
Answer: B) Non-load-bearing blocks

8. What property makes CHBs resistant to

Module 7: Concrete Hollow Blocks fire?
(Additional Questions) o A) High cement content
o B) Use of aggregates
1. Which part of CHBs contributes to o C) Compressive strength
o D) Precast design
thermal insulation?
o A) Cement mix Answer: B) Use of aggregates
o B) Aggregate size
o C) Hollow cores 9. What is the height of a 6-inch CHB?
o D) External surface finish o A) 20 cm
Answer: C) Hollow cores o B) 25 cm
o C) 15 cm
o D) 10 cm
2. What is the width of a 4-inch CHB?
o A) 10 cm Answer: A) 20 cm
o B) 12 cm
o C) 15 cm 10. What test value should be averaged in
o D) 20 cm CHB testing?
Answer: A) 10 cm o A) Compressive strength of 2 samples
o B) Compressive strength of 3 samples
o C) Shear strength of 2 samples
 o D) Modulus of elasticity of 3 samples o D) 10.5m
Answer: B) Compressive strength of 3 Answer: C) 13.5m
samples
8. What steel type is represented by 'S' in
bar markings?
o A) Stainless steel
Module 8: Steel Bars (Additional o B) Low-alloy steel
Questions) o C) Carbon steel
o D) Rail steel
1. Which grade of steel bar is used for high- Answer: C) Carbon steel
rise structures?
o A) Gr. 33 9. What does the green color code indicate
o B) Gr. 40 for steel bars?
o C) Gr. 60 o A) Gr. 33
o D) Gr. 70 o B) Gr. 40
Answer: C) Gr. 60 o C) Gr. 60
o D) Weldable Gr. 40
2. What is the commercial diameter of a #5 Answer: C) Gr. 60
steel bar?
o A) 10 mm 10. How is tensile strength different from
o B) 12 mm yield strength?
o C) 16 mm o A) It measures elastic behavior
o D) 20 mm o B) It is the maximum stress before
Answer: C) 16 mm failure
o C) It is measured at the yield point
3. Which marking identifies the steel type in o D) It evaluates surface stress only
Answer: B) It is the maximum stress
rebars?
o A) Producing mill symbol before failure
o B) Bar size
o C) Grade marking
o D) Type of steel
Answer: D) Type of steel

4. What is the typical yield strength of

Grade 40 steel bars?
o A) 230 MPa
o B) 275 MPa
o C) 415 MPa
o D) 620 MPa
Answer: B) 275 MPa

5. What is the purpose of ribs on deformed

steel bars?
o A) Increase tensile strength
o B) Improve bond with concrete
o C) Decrease weight
o D) Simplify handling
Answer: B) Improve bond with concrete

6. What property is assessed during

elongation testing of steel bars?
o A) Flexibility
o B) Tensile strength
o C) Ductility
o D) Yield strength
Answer: C) Ductility

7. What length is considered a special order

for steel bars?
o A) 6.0m
o B) 7.5m
o C) 13.5m