LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Locate the atomic number in a period table of

1
elements;
Infer that ions are form from the removal/addition
2
of electrons;

Determine the number of neutrons from the mass

3
number;
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4 Interpret shorthand notations for isotopes and atoms;

5 Evaluate the net electric charge of an atom; and

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and

6
electrons in a particular atom.
 ACTIVITY 1: LABEL ME!

A. Instruction: Label the proton,

neutron, and electron in the
nuclear model of an atom.
Place your answer in the box
provided.
 ACTIVITY 1: LABEL ME!

B. Match the three subatomic particles of an atom in

column A to its charges in column B.
Column A Column B
_____1. proton a. no charge /zero charge (0)
_____2. electron b. positive charge (+)
_____3. neutron c. negative charge (-)
 ACTIVITY 1: LABEL ME!

A.
 ACTIVITY 1: LABEL ME!

B. Match the three subatomic particles of an atom in

column A to its charges in column B.
Column A Column B
__B__1. proton a. no charge /zero charge (0)
__C__2. electron b. positive charge (+)
__A__3. neutron c. negative charge (-)
 ACTIVITY 2: FIND ME!

Procedure: Refer to the periodic table. Locate the

atomic number and answer the questions on the
next page. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
 ACTIVITY 2: FIND ME!

Periodic Table of the Elements

Key

Atomic number +1, -1 Oxidation Number

1
H Chemical Symbol

1.008 Atomic Mass

 A single atom is said to be
WHAT ARE electrically neutral if its number of
electrons (e-) is equal to the
NEUTRAL number of protons (p+).
ATOMS? Same number of protons &
electrons
protons = electrons

Thus, the atomic number (Z) of an

element also specifies the number of
electrons in a neutral atom.
EXAMPLE

What element
is this with 4
protons and 4

electrons?
 The element

with 4 protons
and 4 electrons

is beryllium (Be).
Mathematically, for a neutral atom,

Atomic Number (Z)=

Number of Protons (p+) =
Number of Electrons (e-)

Z= p+ = e-
2 Atomic number (Z)

He Chemical symbol Symbol of

Helium Chemical name
4. 0026 Atomic mass Helium
4 Mass number (A)

Electron
Atomic
Neutron
Structure Proton

of Helium Nucleus

Electron orbit
 Since the mass of an atom is
concentrated in the nucleus,
the mass number designated as A.
Mass number is equal to the sum of the
masses of the protons and neutrons.

Mass Number (A) = Number of

protons (p+) + Number of Neutrons (n⁰)
 FORMULA
Mass Number (A) = p+ + n⁰

Where,
For Neutral atom,
Z = Atomic Number
A = Mass Number
Atomic Number (Z) = p+ = e-
e- = Number of Electrons
p+ = Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons (n⁰) =
n⁰ = Number of Neutrons
A - p+
Mass Number (A) 4
Element
He Symbol
Atomic number (Z) 2

Shorthand notation of Helium

Mass number (A)-- superscript

Atomic number (Z)--subscript
EXAMPLE FOR NEUTRAL ATOM

How many protons, electrons

and neutrons are present in
Boron (B) with atomic number 5
and mass number 11?
 Given:
Mass number (A) = 11
SOLUTION: Atomic number (Z) = 5

Formula:
Z = p+ = e- Final Answer:
n⁰ = A - p+
p+ = 5
Solution: e- = 5
p+ = 5 n⁰ = 6
e- = 5
n⁰ = 11 – 5 = 6
EXAMPLE 2 FOR NEUTRAL ATOM

How many protons, electrons

and neutrons are present in
Sodium (Na) with atomic
number 11 and mass number 23?
 Given:
SOLUTION: Mass number (A) = 23
Atomic number (Z) = 11

Formula:
Final Answer:
Z = p+ = e-
n⁰ = A - p+
p+ = 11
e- = 11
Solution:
n⁰ = 12
p+ = 11
e- = 11
n⁰ = 23 – 11 = 12
WHAT ARE IONS?
Atoms may gain charges.
This happens when electrons (e-) are
lost or gained by the atom.
When this happens, the atom becomes
an ion.
Electrically charged
Different number of protons & electrons
ANIONS
Anions are ions that have a negative charge.
These are formed when atoms gain electrons. (-)
When an atom gains electrons, it means that 1 or more negatively
charged particles (electrons) are added to its electron cloud,
which surrounds the atom's nucleus.
This process results in the atom becoming negatively charged
ANIONS
ANIONS

A negative charge
ion (anion) has more
electrons than
protons.
CATIONS
Cations are ions that have a positive charge.
These are formed when atoms lose electrons. (+)
When an atom loses electrons, it means that 1 or more of the
negatively charged particles orbiting the atom's nucleus are
removed.
This process results in the atom becoming positively charged
CATIONS
CATIONS
A positive charge
ion (cation) has
fewer number of
electrons than
protons.
In some books the charge of an ion is
written with the positive or negative
sign after the number (as in 1+)
Sometimes before it (as in +1)
When the charge of an ion is +1 or -1, the
number 1 is normally excluded or visible
and the charge is written clearly as + or -
Mass Number (A) +1 Charge
7
Li
Atomic number (Z) 3
Shorthand notation
of Lithium
 Mass Number (A) +1 Charge
7
Li
Atomic number (Z) 3
Formula:
Charge of Ion = Number of Protons (p+) - Number of Electrons (e-)
Charge of Ion = (p+) - (e-)
Number of Electrons (e-) = Atomic Number (Z) - Charge of Ion
e- = Z - charge of Ion
EXAMPLE 3 FOR IONS

Determine the number of

electrons, protons and
neutrons of fluorine ion
( F−1) with the atomic
number 9 and total mass
number of 19.
 SOLUTION:

Given: Formula:
A = 19 n⁰ = A - p+
Z=9 e- = p+ -/+ Charge of
Charge of Ion = -1 (means gain 1 e-) Ion

Solution:
Number of protons (p+) = 9
Number of electrons (e-) = 9 + 1 (gain 1 e-) = 10
Number of neutrons (n⁰) = A – p+ = 19 – 9 = 10

Final Answer:
p+ = 9 e- = 10 n⁰ = 10
EXAMPLE 4 FOR IONS

Determine the number of

electrons, protons and
neutrons in the Calcium
ion (Ca+2), where:
Atomic number (Z) = 20
Mass number (A) = 40
 SOLUTION:

Given: Formula:
A = 40 n⁰ = A - p+
Z = 20 e- = p+ -/+ Charge of
Charge of Ion = +2 (means lost e-) Ion

Solution:
Number of protons (p+) = 40
Number of electrons (e-) = 40 - 2 (lost 2 e-) = 38
Number of neutrons (n⁰) = A – p+ = 20 – 40 = -20

Final Answer:
p+ = 20 e- = 18 n⁰ = -20
 Isotopes are atoms having
the same atomic number
ISOTOPES but with different mass
number.
Mass number (A) = p+ + n⁰
Different isotopes can exist and these can
be identified by its respective mass number.
Mass number is the sum of the number of
protons and the number of neutrons in an
atom.
A = p+ + n⁰

Mathematically:
Mass number of tritium = p+ + n⁰ = 1 + 2 = 3
ISOTOPES

Formula:
Z = p+ = e-
A = p+ + n⁰
n⁰ = A - p+
Example 3: Table 4 shows the number of subatomic particles of
carbon isotopes. Notice the differences in their number of
neutrons, resulting in 3 different carbon isotopes.

Formula:
Z = p+ = e-
A = p+ + n⁰
n⁰ = A - p+